Ukuqonda indlela ukungalingani kwamandla kunokwandisa ngayo ingozi yeHIV
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili zempilo karhulumente yimpembelelo ye-HIV kwabasetyhini nakwabanye abaphelelwa amandla kwiinkalo zesondo, bebeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokusuleleka. Ezi zintsholongwane zihlala zilawule ukuba ngubani owenza izigqibo malunga nezenzo ezithile zesondo okanye, ngakumbi nakakhulu, ngubani onelungelo lokwenza izigqibo. Yinto ebangela ukubethelela abafazi emhlabeni wonke namhlanje.
Ukungalingani kwamandla asekelwe ngokwesini, kokubili kwezoqoqosho nezengqondo, kubonakala kukunyanzela amandla omfazi ukuxoxisana ngezenzo zesondo. Ngokomphando ovela kwingxowa-mali engeyiyo iNkcazo yeNtuthuko yoLondolozo lwePrayimari, enye yeyona nto inxulumene nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom-engaphantsi kwe-48% kwabafazi abahlolisisiweyo. Ukuphathwa kakubi ngokomzimba, ngokwesondo, nangokomzwelo kuphela kubandakanya umba.
Ukungalingani kwamandla ngokwesondo kunokudlala ukudlala kwiifom ezifihlakeleyo, nangona kunjalo, kuquka:
- Iimimiselo zentlalo ezichazela iindima ezithile zesini.
- Isithembiso okanye isidingo senkxaso yezoqoqosho.
- Ukungabi nolwazi lokubhala okanye imfundo (izinga lalo liphezulu phakathi kwabasetyhini kunamadoda).
- Inkcazo ngokuqhelekileyo yabasetyhini abasetyhini okanye abangatshatanga.
- Iinkqubo zexabiso leenkcubeko ezihlala zibeka amadoda ngaphezu kwabesetyhini.
- Ukwamkelwa kwezentlalo ngamadoda amadala / abancinci abasetyhini (oko, kwezinye izicwangciso, zihambelana namazinga aphezulu okusuleleka kuGawulayo kuma-15-24).
Ezi ngcinezelo zinokuchaphazela kakhulu amandla omfazi ukuxoxisana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo, ngokukodwa xa iimfuno zenkcubeko yomtshato, ukuzala, kunye nomama ziphezulu.
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye noGonyamelo lwabafazi
Umba unokugqithisa ngakumbi ngokugqithiswa ngokwesondo, ekhaya, okanye kwindlobongela, kunye nezifundo ezithile ezibonisa ukuba ukusuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-60% yabasetyhini abachaphazelekayo emhlabeni wonke.
Ngokugqithiseleyo ingxaki namhlanje, kwamanye amazwe afana neMzantsi Afrika, ukubalwa kwamanani okudlwengula ngonyaka kuye kwabikwa ukuba kuphakamileyo kunama-17% (okanye malunga neyodwa kwabafazi abathandathu). Kwisampula ka-2009 yama-1,738 amadoda aseMzantsi Afrika kumaphondo aKwaZulu Natali naseMpuma Koloni, ngaphezulu kwama-25% avumile ukuba wadlwengula umntu, ngelixa isiqingatha sazo savuma ukudlwengula ngaphezu kwesinye ibhinqa.
Umjikelo wobudlova ngokwesondo noxinzelelo kwabasetyhini ukwandisa umngcipheko we-HIV ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunokususa iisumzimba ezinqabileyo ze-vagina okanye i-anus, ukubonelela indlela elula yokufikelela kwintsholongwane.
- Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ngokwabo isoloko inobungqina obunobangela kunye nobudlelwane obubudlelwane obundlobongela, apho usuleleko lunokubangelwa ngenxa yobundlobongela, ngelixa udlame lwenziwa rhoqo kumfazi onentsholongwane ka-HIV (umzekelo, ngumlingane okanye ilungu losapho).
- Ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo kudla ngokudibanisa nokuxhatshazwa kwezesondo.
Ukujongana nokungalingani kwezesini
Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), amazwe angama-52% kuphela achaza ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezijoliswe ngabafazi abane-HIV / AIDS njengenxalenye yezicwangciso zabo zesizwe, ngelixa kuncinci kuyenziwe ukulungisa imiba emikhulu ephathelele ukungalingani kwamathuba oqoqosho kunye inkxaso; ukufikelela ekuqeqesheni izakhono kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwezakhono; kunye nokukhuselwa nokukhuthazwa kwamalungelo efa.
Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukulungisa le miba yentlalo, impendulo ngokubhekiselele kwimiba yentsholongwane kaGawulayo neGawulayo idlalwa. Oko akutsho ukuba izicwangciso ezithile ze-HIV azihloliswanga okanye ziqeshwe. Phakathi kwezinye iindlela ezithembisayo zincinci ye- microbicidal intravaginal ring ebizwa ngokuthi yiNuvaRing , enokukwazi ukukhubaza i-HIV ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kwaye igcinwe kwisisini ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30.
Amveliso afana nalawa abonakala njengenyathelo eliphambili kumacebo okuthintela kwangaphambili, amaninzi awo angaboneleli abafazi ngeendlela zokuzikhusela ngokuzimeleyo okanye ezifunwa kakhulu kwiindlela zokubambelela imihla ngemihla (into enzima ukuyifikelela ekusithekeni) .
Okwangoku, i-push push for usetyenziso lwekhondom yabesifazane (okanye "ibhinqa") lwenziwa kwamanye amacandelo, ngezinye iinguqu ezigqithiseleyo, ezinqabileyo, kunye neendleko ezingabizi ngaphantsi. Phakathi kwazo izinto ezintsha ezifana neComfom yaBasetyhini , efakwe njenge-tampon kwaye ihamba ngaphakathi kwisini; kunye nekhondomu ye- Origami yesibini ye-silicon, eyenziwa njenge-accordion kwaye inokukhuthaza abantu bobabini nabesifazana.
Ubulili boMbane buyakuthinta amadoda, nakhona
Kwiphepha le-flip, ukunyanzeliswa koluntu kunokunyanzela indlela indoda echaphazeleka ngayo ubudlelwane bezesondo. Nangona abafazi bavame ukubizwa ngokuba "ngabaxubushelwano" kwi-intsebenziswano-kungekhona kuphela kunye neqabane labo, kodwa kunye nabanye abafazi ababelana ngesiluleko socansi-amadoda ahlala ekulindeleke ukuba abe nolwazi "nolwazi" ngesondo. Naliphi na ikhefu kwimfundo yesondo yomntu (kuquka ukuhluleka ukufumana iingcebiso malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom efanelekileyo ) kunokubangela umngcipheko okwenyukayo yena kunye nomlingane wakhe.
Uphando olunqamlezileyo oluqhutywe yiYunivesithi yase-Emory, abafundi beekholeji zesini kunye nabafundi bekholeji babuzwa ukuba bakhumbule ukusebenzisa ikhondom kwixesha elidlulileyo leenyanga ezintathu. Uphando lufumene ukuba
- Iingama-60 azizange zixoxe ngeikhondomu kunye namaqabane abo ngokwesini;
- 42% abeke iikhondom emva kokuqala kwesondo;
- I-15% isusile ikhondom ngaphambi kokuphela kwesondo;
- I-40% ayizange ishiye indawo kwindawo yesondlo sekhondom ;
- I-30% yabe ibeke ikhondom igxile phantsi kwipeni;
- Iingxelo ezingama-33% zithe zagqitywa okanye zaphula iikhondom ngexesha lesini, kwaye;
- 42% befuna ukusebenzisa iikhondom kodwa babengenayo nayiphi na indawo ngexesha.
Ngaphandle kwalabo abasebenzisa iikhondom, abaninzi baxelele ukuba benze njalo ngesicelo somlingane wabo, owaye wambiwe ngezinye iinkcazo njengento yokumangalisa okanye ukungathembeki.
Ezi ntlobo zeentsilelo zibonisa ukuba kugxininiso olukhulu kufuneka lubekwe kwizicwangciso ezikhuthaza ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwezikhundla zesini, ezijolise ekunxibelelaneni okwabelwanayo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ngaphakathi kobudlelwane bezesondo.
Imithombo:
I-Gollub, E. "Ukukhethwa Kuxhobisa: Ukusebenzisa Isicwangciso-qhinga Ngokuthintela Ukusuleleka Kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo Kwabesifazane." Imiba yoLuntu yoPhuhliso lwezeNkcubeko. Disemba 2006; 32 (4): 209-212.
Higgins, A .; Hoffman, S; kunye no-Dworkin, S. "Ukuhlaziya i-Gender, amadoda angama-Heterosexual, kunye noXhatshazo lwabasetyhini kwi-HIV / AIDS." I-American Journal yeMpilo kaRhulumente. Matshi 2010; 100 (3): 435-445.
AmaJuda, R .; Sikweyiya, Y; Morrell, R .; okqhubekayo. "Ukuqonda iMpilo yabantu kunye nokusetyenziswa koBundlobongela: I-Interface of Rape kunye ne-HIV eMzantsi Afrika." Umgaqo-nkqubo weBhunga loPhando lwezoPhando. EPitoli, eMzantsi Afrika; Julayi 2009.
Pulerwitz, J; Amaro, J; De Jong, W .; okqhubekayo. Amandla Obudlelwane, Ukusetyenziswa Kwekhondom kunye neengozi zeHIV Phakathi Kwabesetyhini eMelika. " NoGawulayo. Disemba 2002; 14 (6): 789-800.
I-World Health Organization (WHO). "Ukungalingani ngokwesini kunye ne-HIV." Geneva, eSwitzerland.