Ukudlala kuyinselele kubantwana abane-autism
Ukuba umntwana wakho ogunyazisiweyo unexesha elinzima lokudlala imidlalo, ukuzenza ngathi, okanye ukusebenzisana namanye abantwana awodwa. Abancinci abantwana abadlala "njengabanye abantwana," kwaye baninzi benza izinto ezingabonakali nto efana nomdlalo oqhelekileyo. Oku kungenza izinto zibe nzima kubazali njengoko bezama ukuthola imihla yokudlala kunye nemisebenzi yabantwana babo. Kunokuba nzima ukuba ufunde indlela yokudlala nomntwana wakho .
Indlela i-Autistic Play ihluke ngayo kwi-Typical Play
Abantwana abane-autism badlala ngokuhlukile kwabanye abantwana. Nangona esemncinci kakhulu, abantwana be-autistic banamathuba amaninzi kuneentanga zabo eziqhelekileyo ukudibanisa izinto, ukudlala ngokwabo, nokuphindaphinda izenzo ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Akunamathuba amaninzi okubandakanya kwimidlalo efuna "ukwenza ukholo," ukubambisana, okanye ukunxibelelana kwezentlalo.
Enyanisweni, abantwana abaninzi abangenawo i-autism bahlanganisa izinto, badlale yedwa, okanye bakhethe imidlalo yebhodi okanye imidlalo malunga nokukholelwa. Kodwa abantwana abaqhelekileyo BANYE balingise oontanga babo ukuba bafunde izakhono zokudlala ezintsha, babambisane nabanye, babuze imibuzo xa badidekile. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala engazi ngabanye abantwana okanye abonakala engakwazi ukufunda izakhono ezintsha zokudlala ngokubheka, ukubandakanyeka kwezentlalo, okanye ukuthetha ngomlomo, unokukhangela ifulegi ebomvu kwi-autism.
Nazi ezinye izinto ezahlukileyo ukujonga ngazo:
- Ukhetho lokudlala yedwa malunga naso sonke ixesha
- Ukungakwazi okanye ukungafuni ukuqonda imithetho eyimfuneko yokwabelana ngokuhlanganyela (ukuthabatha ukuthatha, ukudlala indima, ukulandela imithetho yemidlalo okanye umdlalo webhodi)
- Ukubandakanya kwimisebenzi ebonakala ingenasiphelo kunye nokuphindaphinda (ukuvulwa / ukuvala iingcango, ukubeka izinto, ukucoca indlu yangasese, njl.)
- Ukungakwazi okanye ukungafuni ukuphendula kwiindawo ezinobungane kubantu abadala okanye ontanga
- Ukubonakalisa ukungabikho kokuziphatha kwabanye abantwana okanye amazwi (ukuhamba ngeqela ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba badlala, bekhwela kwisilayidi ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba kukho umgca, njl.)
- Ubonakala bengenakukwazi ukuqonda izinto ezisisiseko zokudlala (ukuzenza njengomnye umntu okanye ukuzenza ngathi umdlalo unempawu zabantu, njl.
Yiyiphi i-Autistic Play ibonakala ngathi
I-Autistic "play" ingabonakala ihluke kakhulu kumdlalo oqhelekileyo. Enyanisweni, kungabonakali ngathi umdlalo. Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo ukuba abantwana bakwazi ukuzibandakanya kwidlala yedwa, ngamaxesha amaninzi abaphumelele ngokukhawuleza "badlala" xa abantwana abangaphezu komntwana omnye benza umsebenzi omnye ngexesha elifanayo (abantwana ababini bemibala encwadini efanayo, umzekelo). Ngelo xesha babini okanye abathathu, abaninzi abantwana badlala kunye, babelana ngomsebenzi okanye badibana ukuze bafezekise injongo.
Oku akunjalo kumabantwana abancinci, abahlala 'bexakeke' kwiintlobo zokuqala zokudlala. Nazi ezinye iziganeko ezinokuvakalayo eziqhelekileyo kubazali nabantwana abancinci okanye encinane kwibala:
- Umntwana umile egcekeni aze ahlasele amaqabunga, isanti, okanye ukungcola emoyeni ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
- Umntwana ugqiba i-puzzle efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngendlela efanayo.
- Umntwana uphawula izinto kwipateni efanayo kwaye uyabangqongqo okanye uthuthuke xa umntu ewabethe.
- Umntwana ugxotha amathoyizi ngendlela efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwakhona.
Njengoko abantwana abane-autism bekhula, izakhono zabo ziphucula. Abo bantwana abanekhono lokufunda imigaqo yokudlala umdlalo bavame ukwenza njalo. Xa oko kwenzeka, nangona kunjalo, iziphatho zabo ziyaqhubeka zihluke nakwezinye zabantwana. Ngokomzekelo, banakho:
- Yiba njalo-mandla kangangokuba abakwazi ukuhlangabezana neenguqu ezifunekayo kwinani labadlali, ubungakanani bebala lokudlala, njl.
- Khangela ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwabelana ngeemidlalo nabanye abantwana (imidlalo yevidiyo ingaba yintsimi yodwa)
- Yigxininise ngokugqithiseleyo kwimiba yembambano yomdlalo (ukuqokelela iinombolo zebhola ngaphandle kokulandela okanye ukudlala umdlalo webhola)
Kutheni i-Play So Tough for Children with Autism?
Kutheni ukuba abantwana abane-autism badlala ngokuhlukileyo? Uninzi lujongene nemingeni enzima:
- Ukungabikho kwezakhono zokulingisa. Abantwana abathuthuka ngokuqhelekileyo babukela indlela abanye badlala ngayo ngamathoyizi baze baxelise. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana oqhelekileyo unokukhetha ukongamela iibhloko ezithandanayo kwelinye iqela lokuqala abadlala nabo. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza xa umntwana okhulayo ebona abanye bakha ngeebhloko, uya kuxelisa ukuziphatha. Umntwana ophethe i-autism akanakuboni nokuba abanye bayadlala neebhloko kuzo zonke kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba babone ukuziphatha kwabanye baze baqale ukuxelisa ukuziphatha.
- Ukungabikho kwezakhono zokudlala. Umdlalo wesimboli nje kuphela elinye ixesha lokudlala, kwaye ngo-3 ubudala, abaninzi abantwana baye bahlakulela izixhobo ezintle zokuzibandakanya kwimidlalo yokufanisa kunye kunye nabanye. Bangasebenzisa amathoyizi ngokukodwa njengoko baklanywa-"badla" indlu kunye nekhitchini yokuzenza kwaye badla ukutya kweplastiki. Okanye banokwenza uqobo lwabo lokudlala, benze ibhokisi ibe yinqaba okanye isilwanyana esixutywe kumdlali othetha naye. Abantwana abane-autism babengaqhelanga ngokukhawuleza izakhono zokudlala ngaphandle kokuncediswa. Bangakujabulela ukubeka iinjowini kwimizila, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba benze izigcawu, benze iziphumo zomsindo, okanye bazenzele izitimela zabo zokudlala.
- Ukungabikho kwezakhono zonxibelelwano loluntu. Ukuze uphumelele ekuzilileni ukuzenza kunye nokuxelisa, ngokuqhelekileyo ukhulisa abantwana bafuna ukubandakanya kunye nokuqhagamshelana, kwaye bafunde ngokukhawuleza ukuba 'bafunde' njani injongo zabanye abantu. Abantwana abane-autism bavame ukuzibamba, kwaye banqwenela ukuthetha okanye bahlanganyele nabadlali abadlala nabo.
- Ukungabikho kokunxibelelana kwezakhono . Izakhono zokunxibelelana kunye nezakhono zizakhono esisetyenziswayo xa sifika kwinto ethile nomnye umntu. Sisebenzisa izakhono zokubambisana xa sichaza umdlalo kunye, jonga iphazili kunye, okanye mhlawumbi ucinge kwaye usebenze kwiibini okanye iqela. Abantu abane-autism badla ngokungazinzi kakuhle.
Ukufundisa izakhono zokudlala
Ukuba ukungabikho kwezakhono zokudlala kukubonakalisa uphawu lwe-autism, ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufundise umntwana nge-autism ukudlala? Impendulo, kwiimeko ezininzi, nguYebo onomdla. Enyanisweni, iindlela ezininzi zokwelapha zijolise kakhulu ekwakheni nasekulungiseni izakhono zokudlala, kunye nabazali (kunye nabantakwabo) banokuthatha inxaxheba ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo. Ezi ziquka:
- Umgangatho wexesha lomgangatho
- Ulwalamano loPhuhliso loBudlelwane (RDI)
- IPlay Project
- Utyando lwe-Applied Behavioral Therapy
Imithombo:
LC Murdock. "Mbonise Ukudlala: Ukwandisa Ukuzenza Iingxoxo Zabantwana abane-Autism Disecters Disorders." I-Autism Dev Disord. 2010 Septemba 25.
LC Murdock. "Ukufundisa izakhono zokulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo kubantwana abancinci abane-autism basebenzisa indlela yokuziphatha ngokwemvelo: iziphumo ngolwimi, ukuzenza ngathi, kunye nokunxibelelana." I-Autism Dev Disord. 2006 ngoMeyi; 36 (4): 487-505.
MM Manning. "Indima yezinga eliphezulu lokudlala njengendlela yokusebenza kwezentlalo kwi-autism." I-Autism Dev Disord. NgoMeyi ngo-2010; 40 (5): 523-33.