Iimpawu zokuxilonga ze-Autism zatshintshiwe ngo-2013
Ngomhla ka-Meyi 2013, i-American Psychiatric Association yashicilela iNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM), i-Version Five, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-DSM-5. I-DSM entsha, njengabo bonke ababengaphambili, idibanisa iziphazamiso ezintsha; phelisa abanye; kwaye yenza utshintsho kwiinkqubo zokumisela ukuxilonga.
Nje ngeenguqu ezimbini zokugqibela ze-DSM, le nguqulo yenza utshintsho olukhulu kwi-autism.
Ingqungquthela entsha iphelile i ezine-autism iziphumo zokuxilonga : I-Asperger syndrome, i-Disperveve Developmental Disorder ngaphandle kokucacileyo, i-Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, kunye ne-Autistic Disorder), kunye ne-Rett syndrome, i-distigratic disorder, eyahlukileyo. Esikhundleni semigangatho emihlanu yokuxilonga nge-autism, ngoko ke kukho ngoku kuphela: I-Autism Spectrum Disorder. Kukho, ke, "amanqanaba enkxaso" amathathu kunye neenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ukuze zisebenzise ngabakliniki abazibonela nge-autism.
Kuthetha ukuthini konke oku kuthethwa ngabantu abane-autism kunye nalabo abathandayo, abancedisayo, abafundisayo okanye abaphathayo? Nazi ezilishumi zezinto ezimangalisayo, ezibalulekileyo, kunye / okanye ezincedo ukuzazi malunga ne-DSM-5 i-autism disorder disorder.
Imibuzo ephathelene ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder kwi-DSM-5
Umbala omnye we-autism
1. Ngaba iiKlinikhi zifunekayo ukusebenzisa i-DSM-5 entsha?
I-DSM ayikho igunya lomthetho phezu kwanoma ngubani. "Isikhokelo." Ngaloo ndlela, ngelixa abasebenzi "bekhuthazwa kakhulu" ukuba bayisebenzise, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba bayayiqonda, basemthethweni kwaye banelungelo lokusebenzisa nayiphi na imifanekiso abayithandayo.
Enyanisweni, ngo-Alicia Halladay, i-Autism iThetha uMlawuli oyiNtloko, i-Environmental and Clinical Sciences, ngenxa yezinye ze-DSM, kukho iinzame ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukusebenzisa i-DSM-5. akukho myalelo emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-DSM; kunoko uhlobo lokukhokela. "
2. Ingaba iiNtsholongwane zezeMpilo eziPhambili zeMental zivumelanise ukuba iNew DSM-5 ibonakalisa ukuCamngca okuMnandi kolu suku?
Akuninzi abacinga kakhulu, kubandakanywa nenkokheli yangaphambili yeSizwe soMpilo weNgqondo (Thomas Insel) kunye nomnye wabadali be-DSM IV, abacinga ukuba i-DSM 5 ayikholelwa kakuhle. Udokotela u-Allen Frances, udumo lwe-DSM IV, unokuthetha oku klinikhi kwinqaku e-Huffington Post: "Incomo yam kliniki ilula. Musa ukusebenzisa i-DSM-5. kuyo, kwaye zonke iikhowudi ozifunayo zokubuyiselwa zibuye zifumaneke mahhala kwi-Intanethi okanye kwi-DSM-IV. " Oogqirha banaloo khetho.
3. Ngaba abantu abaye bafumanisa i-Asperger Syndrome okanye i-PDD-NOS ilahlekisa izifo zabo?
Ewe noNombolo. Uvavanyo olutsha lwe-ASD luthatha indawo ye-diagnostic ezintlanu zangaphambili: I-Asperger syndrome, i-Outperveve Developmental Disorder ngaphandle kokucacileyo, i-Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, kunye ne-Autistic Disorder. Ukuba unokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwezikhoyo ezikhoyo, uhlolisiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba unokuxilongwa kwe-ASD. Enyanisweni, uDkt. Bryan King, oye wanceda ukubhala i-DSM-5, uthi "Kukho ingxelo ebhaliweyo kwi-DSM5 ethi 'abantu abanokuxilongwa ngokucacileyo naluphi na ukuphazamiseka kwe-ASD kufuneka banikwe ukuxilongwa.'"
4. Iikhowudi zeeNzululwazi zisebenza njani nge-ASD entsha?
I-ASD entsha ithatha ikhowudi enye yezokwelapha (ngokuchasene neenombolo ezininzi ezinikezelwe phantsi kwe-DSM IV). Oku kufuneka kuncede abantu abane-Asperger Syndrome kunye ne-PDD-NOS bafumane ukufunyanwa kwinqanaba leenkonzo. Kodwa akukacaci ukuba abahlaziyi-mboleko kunye nabanye ababoneleli baya kuthatha ibango phantsi kwe-ASD entsha. Ekubeni iquka zonke izifo ze-ASD endala, izinto zimele zihlale zingaphezulu okanye zingaphantsi, kodwa i-jury isaphuma kuloo mbandela.
5. Yintoni entsha "Ingxaki yoLwazi lweNtlalo?" Ngaba Ingumhlobo We-Autism?
Abantu abasanda kuxilongwa okanye bahlaziywa kwakhona, kwaye abahambelani ne-ASD, banokuphefumula ngokuxilongwa ngokutsha: I-Disorder Communication Disorder.
Oku kubonakala ngathi luhlobo lwe "lite" ye-ASD (ngaphandle kwemiba yokukhathazeka okanye ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo) kwaye kufana nezindlela ezininzi kwi-PDD-NOS endala. Kukho iingxakini ezibalulekileyo ukuba abantu abanokuxilongwa abanako ukufikelela kwiinkonzo kunye neenkonzo ezisemthethweni ezibonelelwe kubantu abane-diagnostic ASD.
6. Ulwahluke njani phakathi kwabantu abane-Autism echazwe phantsi kwe-DSM-5 entsha?
Ngenyameko, okanye akunjalo. Ukwahlukana phakathi kwamazinga e-ASD kufuneka kucaciswe ngokwawo, ngabagqirha, usebenzisa isilinganisi esicatshulwayo "samanqanaba asebenzayo" kunye "neenkcukacha" (njengokungabikho amazwi, ukungakhubazeki ngokwengqondo, ukuxhomekeka kwemvelo, njalonjalo). Ngelixa le ngcamango iphezulu (emva koko, abantu abane-autism bahluke ngokubanzi), amacinki ambalwa athatha ixesha lokuqokelela lonke ulwazi olufunekayo ukudala izifo ezifumanekileyo kwizigulane ngasinye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingozi yokuba izikolo, abaphihli beenkonzo kunye nabanikezeli benkonzo baya kubona "ASD," kwaye bayeke ukufunda.
7. Yintoni eyenzekayo kuAsperger Syndrome?
I-Asperger syndrome ayikho, kodwa ayisekho ikhowudi yonyango eyodwa. Eli gama lisasetyenziswa kwaye liya kusetyenziswa kwikamva elibonakalayo njengesixhobo sokuchaza nokuchaza uluntu lwabantu abaneempawu kunye nemingeni ethile. Nantsi indlela i-Halladay ichaza ngayo ikusasa le-Asperger syndrome: "Abantu abane-Aspergers abafuna ukugcina loo nto yokuxilonga kunye nelebula-kuba kukho uluntu oluchonga ngalo ilebula-siyaxhasayo loo nto. Ukuba bafuna ukusebenzisa le ilebula kunye nobunikazi, kufuneka iyakwazi ukwenza loo nto.Akunanto enxulumene ne-DSM-5. Kungenakuba yileyibhile yokuxilonga. Sine-toolkit ye-Asperger, kwaye asitshintshi igama: songeza ulwazi olutsha kwaye sichaza indlela iimephu kwi-DSM-5. Njengoko ixesha liqhubeka, eli gama linakho okanye lingasetyenziselwa kwikamva. "
8. Ngaba inani labantu abane-ASD liya kuvuka okanye bawa nge-DSM-5?
Ngokutsho kweCDC, akubangakho utshintsho oluphawulekayo ukususela ngo-2013 kwinani labantwana abaxilongwa ngokuba ne-autism (1:68 e-United States)
9. Ziza kuthini ukuba iiKlinikhi ziQinisekise ukuba izibonakaliso zikhulu kakhulu kwi-Warrant i-ASD Diagnosis?
Iimpawu zenkqubo yokuxilonga "Iimpawu zifuna ukuba ziphazamise ukusebenza kwaye zingabi bhetele zichazwe ngenye i-DSM-5." Ithetha ntoni le nto? Kubonakala ukuba impendulo iya kuba yintsholongwane nganye, kunye nesigulane ngasinye. Umzekelo, ukungabi ngongomlomo kuyacaca kuphazamiseka ukusebenza, kodwa kunzima ukuqonda iingcamango okanye ukukhawuleza kuphazamise ukusebenza? Abanye oogqirha baya kuthi yebo, abanye baya kuthi cha.
10. Ngaba i-DSM Version ye-Autism kungenzeka ukuba ishintshe kwakhona kwakhona?
Incazelo ye-DSM ye-autism ishintshile kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye iya kutshintsha kwakhona. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakukho "autism" kuphela kwaye akukho "i-autism". Kamva, nge-DSM IV kunye ne-DSMIV-TR, i-Asperger syndrome kunye ne-PDD-NOS zongezwa kumxube. Okuthakazelisayo, isizathu sokuba le nguqulo ye-DSM ibhalwe njenge-Arabhu "5" kunokuba i-"V" yamaRoma ibe yinto elula ukudala iinguqulelo. Lindela ukubona iDSM 5.1, 5.2, njalo njalo!
Imithombo:
Udliwano-ndlebe noDkt. Brian King, ngoJuni 2013. UDkt. Bryan H. King ungumlawuli kwi-Seattle Children's Autism Centre kunye nomqondisi wengqondo yengqondo yabantwana ne-adolescents kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington naseSibhedlele Sezingane zase Seattle. Wayeyilungu leqela lomsebenzi elijongene nokuhlaziya inkcazo ye-autism kunye neengxaki ezihambelana nazo.
Udliwano-ndlebe no-Alicia Halladay, ngo-Juni 2013. U-Alicia Halliday nguMlawuli oyiNtloko, iNzululwazi kunye neZiklinikhi zeSayensi kwi-Autism Ithetha.
U-Allen Frances, MD "Iingqungquthela ezibini zeFatal Technical in DSM-5 Inkcazo ye-Autism" I-Huffington Post. Juni 16, 2013.
USusan L. Hyman, MD "I-DSM-5 entsha iquka utshintsho kwiinkqubo ze-autism." I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, ngoJuni 2013.