Iingxaki eziPhuthukisayo zoPhuhliso ngaphandle kokucaca ngokucacileyo (PDD-NOS)
I-Disorder Development Disorder ngaphandle kokucacileyo (PDD-NOS), ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-autism e-atypical, yayiyimfuneko-ixesha elifutshane-isigaba sokuxilonga ngaphakathi kwe-autism. I-PDD-NOS "yaqulunqwa" ukubandakanya abaninzi abantwana abanayo, kodwa kungekhona, iimpawu ze-autism.
I-PDD-NOS ayisisona isigaba sokuxilonga, nangona kukho ininzi yabaselula kunye nabaselula abafumana ukuxilongwa njengabantwana abaselula.
Imbali emfutshane ye-PDD-NOS
I-DSM yincwadi ebonisa zonke iingxaki zengqondo kunye nentuthuko. Kukho iinguqulelo ezi-5 ze-DSM, kwaye nganye iyahluke kakhulu kwabanye. Iingxaki zengqondo kunye nentuthuko, ngokungafani nokuphazamiseka ngokomzimba, zidla ngokusekelwe kwiimimiselo zentlalo; Ngaloo ndlela, umzekelo, ubungqingili bebude becinga ukuba yingxaki yengqondo kodwa ayisabonakaliswa kwi-DSM. Iziphazamiso ezintsha, ezinjenge-hoarding, zongezwe.
PDD-NOS kwi-DSM-IV (emva ko-2013)
I-DSM-IV yabhalwa ngo-1994. Kuyo, okokuqala kunye neyokugqibela, i-autism yahlula iindidi ezinokuhlula ezihlanu. Phakathi kwazo kwakuyi-disistic disorder, i-Asperger syndrome, kunye ne-PDD-NOS. Kwi-DSM-IV, uhlobo lwe-autism lwalinye igama leengxaki zentuthuko eqhubekayo (PDDs) , uluhlu lwesifo sokuxilongwa kunye nokufanekisa okufanayo . I-autism ye- Atypical yayingenye igama lenye yeendlela ezi-5 ezisemthethweni ze-autism zixilongo: ingxaki ephucukileyo yophuhliso engacacisiwe ngenye indlela (PDD-NOS) .
Nantsi indlela iPDD-NOS eyahlukana ngayo kwezinye i-PDD:
Eli nqanaba kufuneka lisetyenziswe xa kukho ukungaphumeleli okunzima kunye nokuqhubela phambili ekuphuhliseni ukusebenzisana kwezentlalo kunye nolwazi olungabonakaliyo okanye olungabonakaliyo, okanye xa ukuziphatha okubhaliweyo, iimfuno kunye nemisebenzi zikhoyo, kodwa iinjongo azihambelani nophuhliso olusasazekayo ingxaki, i-schizophrenia, i-schizotypal ukuphazamiseka komntu, okanye ukukhubazeka komntu. Ngokomzekelo, eli candelo liquka "i-autism e-autism" -impawu ezingenakuhlangabezana nemigqaliselo yesifo se-autistic ngenxa yokuqala kokuqala, izibonakaliso ze-atypical, okanye ukuxhomekeka kwimiqondiso ye-symptomatology, okanye zonke ezi zinto.
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyanwe ukuba une-PDD-NOS (okanye "i-autism e-autism"), kwakuthetha ukuba unemiqondiso embalwa kakhulu yokufumana ingxaki ye- autistic okanye i- Asperger syndrome , kwaye iimpawu ezingalunganga zifunyaniswe ne-Rett syndrome okanye i-Childhood Disintegrative Disorder . Nangona kunjalo wayifumene ukuxilongwa kwezempilo ngokusemthethweni oko kwakuthetha ukuba wayeneengxaki eziphambili zokuphuhliswa.
PDD-NOS Namhlanje
Ngo-2013, i-DSM-5 yapapashwa. Abathuthuli be-DSM-5 benza isigqibo esinqabileyo sokuthi bawa phantsi zonke izifo ezi-5 ze-autism ezivela kwi-DSM-IV kwisigaba esisodwa sokuxilonga: i-autism i-disorder disorder. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abane-diagnostic ezine baphumele ngokukhawuleza.
Olu tshintsho, ngokuqinisekileyo, lugubungela umbuzo: ukuba umntwana wam unokuxilongwa "nge-autism atypical" okanye iPDD-NOS, ingabe u-autistic? Impendulo nguyebo ... kwaye akukho.
EWE: Ngokutsho kwe-DSM-IV, umntwana ofunyaniswa yi-PDD-NOS, ngokwenene, ufumene ukuba unesifo sengqondo se-autism. Kwaye, ngokwe-DSM-5, ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyanwe ukuba unayo nayiphi na indlela ye-autism phantsi kwe-DSM-IV, loo nto yokuxilonga ayikwazi ukucinywa.
Hayi: Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumene i-PDD-NOS, wayengenayo isethi ecacileyo yeempawu ezilindeleke kumntu one-autism.
Ngenxa yoko, ukuba uya kuhlolisiswa namhlanje, kukho ithuba lokuba akayi kulungelelanisa imigaqo entsha ye-autism.
Ngaba Abantu abaye baxilongwa ngePDD-NOS babe neMpawu zeMilder ?
Enyanisweni, ukuxilongwa kwe-PDD-NOS akuthethi ukuba iimpawu zomntwana zinamandla okanye zikhubaza ngokuncinci, kuphela ukuba aziwa phantsi ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokuxilonga enye inkathazo enxulumene ne-Asperger syndrome okanye i-autistic disorder. Ngamanye amagama, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-diagnostic autism / PDD-NOS ukuxilongwa kwaye ukhubazeke kakhulu .
Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, abaninzi abantwana nabasemagunyeni abafumene i-auty / i-PDD-NOS iifayili ziyenzi ngokwenene zinempawu ezinzima.
Uvavanyo olufanisa abantu abane-auty / i-PDD-NOS ye-atypical diagnostic kubantu abathile abanezinye iinkcukacha, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism ebonakalayo kunye nesiphelo:
IINKCUKACHA: Ngokomgangatho wamanyathelo okusebenza, abantwana be-PDD-NOS babenomlinganiselo ophakathi kwabo babantwana abane-autism kunye nabantwana abane-AS. Ngokwahlukileyo, iqela le-PDD-NOS lalinempawu ezincinane zokuzimela, ngokukodwa ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okuziphatha, kunokuba zombini i-autism kunye namaqela e-AS (chi2 = 11.06, p = .004). Abantwana abanePDD-NOS bangeniswa kwelinye lamanqanawa amathathu: iqela eliphezulu elisebenzayo (24%) elifana ne-AS kodwa linokulibaziseka kwexesha elifutshane okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo engapheliyo; iqela elifana ne-autism (i-24%) kodwa ebeneminyaka elide ukuqala okanye ukulibaziseka kakhulu kwengqondo okanye yayincinci kakhulu ukuba ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho epheleleyo yokuxilonga nge-autism; kwaye iqela (ama-52%) alizalisekanga imilinganiselo ye-autism ngenxa yokuziphatha okuncinci kunye nokuziphindaphinda.
Nangona iindidi zeembali ze-autism zinzima kakhulu ukuhlula, ngandlela-thile akukhathazeki ukuba yiyiphi i-diagnostic yengane yakho eyayifumanayo. Kungenxa yokuba unyango olucetyiswayo malunga nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yomntwana wakho luyafana nokuba luphi na uhlobo olusesikweni sokuzixilonga kwe-autism: ukuziphatha okunzulu kunye / okanye unyango lophuhliso, kunye nentetho, imisebenzi yokusebenza kunye neyonyango. Njengoko umntwana wakho akhula kakhulu, naye uya kucetyiswa ukuba acetyiswe kwezinye iindlela zonyango lwezentlalo.
Imithombo:
> Allen DA, Steinberg M, Dunn M, Fein D, Feinstein C, Waterhouse L, Rapin I. "Ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo ngokubhekiselele kwezinye iingxaki zokuphuhliswa kwentuthuko kubantwana abancinane: efanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo?" I-Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 uMar; 10 (1): 67-78.
> Iziko leSizwe leMpilo yeNtwana kunye nophuhliso lwaBantu. I-Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) Inyaniso Page.
> Walker DR, et al. "Ukucacisa iPDD-NOS: ukuthelekiswa kwe-PDD-NOS, i-Asperger syndrome, kunye ne-autism." J Am Academy Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Feb; 43 (2): 172-80.