Kutheni ezi ziganeko eziqhelekileyo kwiintshaba zingenokwethusa kubazali
Kwiintsana ezingekafiki, i-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia zihlala zihlangene kunye, kunye neqondo eliphantsi le-oxygen. Okokuqala, i-apnea ivela kwaye umntwana uyayeka ukuphefumla. Ngenxa yokuba umntwana akaphefumli, amazinga e-oksijeni yegazi aya kuwa. Intliziyo iyancipha ekuphenduleni kwiqondo eliphantsi le-oxygen. Ngokubambisana, i-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia zidla ngokuba yi-"As and Bs" okanye "i-spells" kunye neqondo eliphantsi le-oksijeni yegazi lidla ngokuba lingu-deaturation okanye "deaturation."
Ukufakelwa kwe-oksijeni kulinganisa inani le-hemoglobin ephethe i-okmoglobin egazini.
Igazi lentetho yesana, njengaleyo yomntwana okanye umntu omdala, kufuneka ibe ngama-95 ukuya kwi-100% egcwele i-oksijini. Igazi lomntwana osanda kudala ufumana i-oksijeni eyongezelelweyo ihlala iphakathi kwe-88 ne-95% yokuzalisa, engekho phezulu, ukukhusela ukubuyiswa kwe-preminopathy , kwimeko enzulu.
Esibhedlele, i-oxetry ye-pulse isetyenziswe ukulinganisa inani le-oksijini egazini.
Xa igazi lingenalo oksijini okwaneleyo, libizwa ngokuba yi-deaturation. I-Desaturations ingabangela i-blue tint emlonyeni okanye kwesikhumba kwaye ibangela ukuba umntwana alahlekelwe yitoni okanye abe "i-floppy."
Yintoni i-Apnea?
I-Apnea ithetha ixesha lokuphefumula. Kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha, i-apnea yiphina ikhefu lokuphefumula elihlala ixesha elide ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-20, kubangela i-bradycardia, okanye i-drop in blood level baby oxygen level. Iintsana ezinokuqala zinesistim ezinomdla kwaye zilungele ukuba neziqulatho ze-apnea.
Ngamanye amaxesha, i-apnea iya kubangela ukuba intliziyo yomntwana ibetha ngokukhawuleza, ebizwa ngokuba yi-bradycardia.
Kwi-NICU, iintshaba zithinteka ukuba zihlolwe ukuba i-alamu ezivakalayo xa ukuphefumula kwabo kunezikhalazo ezide.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pat ephathekayo emva kwayo yonke into efunekayo ukukhumbuza umntwana ukuba aphefumule kwakhona, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iintsana zidinga uncedo lokuphefumula okanye i-oksijeni xa i-apneic.
Uninzi lweentsana ezingaphantsi kwexesha lusempilweni yazo ngexesha elilungele ukuya ekhaya, kodwa ezinye iintsana ziya kuba nezilwanyana ezinobunzima bexesha elide. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, abazali baya kuthabatha ikhaya labo kunye ne-monitor ye-apnea, eya kuphuma xa umntwana eyeka ukuphefumla.
Yintoni iBradycardia?
I-Bradycardia ithetha ukuphucula kunexesha eliqhelekileyo lentliziyo. Kwiintsana, ireyiti yenhliziyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-bradycardia xa iwela ngaphantsi kwe-100 beats ngomzuzu ngomntwana ongaphantsi kwe-1250 g (2 lb 12 oz) okanye ukuya kwi-80 beats ngomzuzu ngomntwana omkhulu. Xa iintsana zikhona kwi-NICU, iintliziyo zabo zijongwa, kwaye iziqwenga ze-bradycardia ziphathwa ngokukhuthaza. Ukuba i-bradycardia iyaqhubeka, amayeza afana ne-caffeine angasetyenziselwa ukunyanga imeko.
Izizathu
I-Apnea kunye ne-Bradycardia inobangela obuninzi kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha. Ukukhulelwa, i- anemia , kunye neengxaki engqondweni zingabangela i-As kunye ne-B. Eyona nto ibangela kakhulu i-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia phakathi kweengcinezelo kwi-NICU, nangona kunjalo, yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-apnea ye-prematurity.
I-Apnea yokungabi nongcoliseko yimeko ebangelwa yinkqubo yokutya neentlungu ezingapheliyo. I-Apnea yokuqhawuka kwangaphambili ivela rhoqo kwiintshaba zangaphambili; njengoko ubudala bexesha lobubele buyancipha, i-apnea ye-prematurity iyakhula. Kuphela i-7% yabantwana abazalwa kwiintsuku ezingama-34 ukuya kwe-35, isifo sokugonywa, kodwa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seentsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-30 ukuya kwe-31 zijongene nemeko.
I-Apnea inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yengqondo exelela umntwana ukuba aphefumle, kwaye umntwana ushiya ukuphefumla ngokupheleleyo (i-apnea ephakathi) okanye ngenxa yokuba isistim somntwana esasifanelekanga ukugcina umoya ovulekile kwaye ukukhupha umoya kuvalwe ( ukuphazamiseka i-apnea ). I-apnea ephakathi kunye neyokuphazamisa iyenzeka.
Iziphumo zexesha elide
Oogqirha abaqinisekanga ukuba yintoni imiphumo yexesha elide le-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia. Bayazi ukuba i-bradycardia ibangela ukunciphisa okwethutyana kwiqondo legazi kunye ne-oxygen. Bayazi nokuba iintsana ezingaphambi kwentsana ezineentsuku ezongezelelweyo kunye nezipapa ze-apnea ezibhalwe phantsi eziphantsi kweeminyaka ezi-3 kwiimvavanyo ezilinganisa iziphumo zophuhliso kunye neentsholongwane, kodwa abakwazi ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-apnea ne-bradycardia ibangela amanqaku aphantsi.
Into enye oogqirha abazi ngayo kukuba i-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia ayibangeli ukuba i-infant syndrome, okanye i-SIDS. Nangona iintsana ezingenakuqala, ngokubanzi, zinomngcipheko ophezulu we-SIDS kunabantwana abasisigxina, i-apnea ye-prematurity ayibangele amazinga aphezulu e-SIDS.
Unyango
Xa iintsana kwi-NICU zinesiqwenga se-apnea okanye i-bradycardia, abahloli abarekhoda intliziyo yabo kunye nokuphefumula kuqala ukuba bavuke. Ngamanye amaxesha, nje isandi se-alamu sanele ukuvuselela umntwana ukuba aphefumule kwakhona, kwaye umntwana usuphefumula kakuhle phambi kokuba umongikazi abe nexesha lokuphendula. Amanye amaxesha, i-alamu ayanele. Ukukhuthazwa, ngokuxubha okanye ukutshiza umntwana, kuya kusetyenziswa. Ukuba umntwana akasayi kubuya, ke umntwana uya kunikwa ukuphefumula ngesikhwama kunye nemaski.
Iintsana ezinamaxesha amaninzi ezinokupheka kwe-apnea zingafakwa kwixinzelelo oluqhubekayo lomoya (CPAP) ukuze zibancede ziphefumle okanye zingasetyenziswa ngomoya. Amachiza angasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-apnea ye-prematurity. I-caffeine yonyango olutsha malunga ne-apnea eneempembelelo ezimbalwa kwaye iphumelele kakhulu.
Ukuthintela ezinye iilwimi
Ukwazi oko kukubangela iziqwenga ze-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia kunokunceda abahlengikazi nabazali bancitshiswe inani leentsimbi ezisezintsheni ezingekafiki. I-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia bavame ukuvela ngexesha lokuguquka ebuthongweni obukhulu, ngoko kubalulekile ukuvumela abantwana ukuba babe nexesha elide lokulala. Ukulungelelanisa ukutyelela kwi-NICU ngamaxesha okutya kunye nokuvavanya, kwaye sebenzisa amazwi athule xa u tyelela xa umntwana wakho elele. Ukutshintshiselwa kwamashishini okufudumala kwamanzi kungabangela i-As ne-Bs, ngoko kuzama ukugcina ubushushu obuzinzileyo kwi-incubator ngokugcina iminyango ye-incubator ivaliwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukondla i-Nipple enye imbangela eqhelekileyo ye-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia. Xa ukondla umntwana osengaphambi kwesobele okanye ibhotile, ukuhamba phambili kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi ekuqaleni kokutya. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala esondeza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuphefumula, uhambele ukunyusa ngokukhawuleza ukukrazula ingumlomo emlonyeni wakhe.
Kuya Kuphela nini?
Kwiintsana ezininzi, i-apnea iza kuqala ukuxazulula malunga nexesha elifanele ukuba lizalwe ngalo, kwaye malunga nexesha apho baqala ukutya ngokufanelekileyo ngokwabo ukuze bafumane ubunzima ngokuthe rhoqo kwaye balondoloze ukushisa okufudumele ngaphandle kwe-incubator. Kodwa ezinye iintsana ziza kuqhubeka zifumana iziqulatho ze-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia nangona zilungele ukushiya i-NICU nakwezinye iindlela. Uninzi lwezibhedlele zidinga iintsana ukuba zibe nenani elithile leentsuku ngaphandle kwe-apnea okanye i-bradycardia ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba zine-apnea engapheliyo ye-prematurity ngokupheleleyo.
Iintsana ezisenayo iziqwenga ze-apnea okanye i-bradycardia nangona emva kokuba zilungele ukuya ekhaya ngandlela-thile ziyakwazi ukukhutshwa esibhedlele kunye nokuhlola i-apnea ekhaya. Ezi zihlolwe ziphikisana ngenxa yokuba zingabonakali ngokucacileyo izibonelelo zezokwelapha kwaye kunzima kubazali ukuba bahlale kunye, kodwa zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiintsana ezine-apnea eziqhubekayo.
Imithombo:
USkokowski, RN, MS, uLaura. "Isikhokelo sabazali sokuqonda i-Apnea." Ukuphucula ukuNakekelwa kweNtsholongwane kaJuni 2005. 5; 175-176
USkokowski, RN, MS, uLaura. "I-Primer kwi-Apnea yokuQala ukuQiniseka." Ukuphucula ukuNakekelwa kweNyanga kaJuni 2005. 5; 155-170
IYunivesithi yaseVirginia yeMpilo. "Apnea of ​​Prematurity." Http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/peds_respire/apneapre.cfm