I-Retinopathy ye-prematurity, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ROP, isifo esichaphazela i-retina yeso. I-ROP ithintela imithwalo yegazi kwi-retina emehlweni e-preemie, kwaye yenye yezona zinto ezibangela ukuba ubumfama buntwaneni.
Sibanzi
Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, imithwalo yegazi kwamehlo omntwana aqala ukuphuhlisa iiveki ezili-16. Ngeveki yama-34 yokukhulelwa, imithwalo yegazi kwiso ilungele ngokwaneleyo ukuba i-retina inegazi elifanelekileyo.
Xa iintsana zizalwa ngokukhawuleza, imithwalo yegazi kwi-retina ayinakuliswa ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokuzalwa, iimpahla ziqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi ukukhula kwabo kwonakalisa i-retina. I-Retinopathy ye-prematurity (ROP) igama igama lokukhula okungalunganga kwemithambo yegazi kwi -retina kunye nomonakalo obangelwa kukukhula.
Kwiinkoliso ezininzi ezihlakulela iROP, ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi ye-retinal kuya kuncitshiswa, kwaye umboniso uya kuphuhlisa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ezinye iintsana ezingenakusasa, nangona kunjalo, ziphuhlisa iROP.
Amanqanaba
I-Retinopathy ye-prematurity ihlelwe ngokwemiqathango eyahlukeneyo. Izigaba eziphezulu ze-ROP zinzima kakhulu, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba zibangele ukungaboni okanye iingxaki zembono zesikhathi eside. Amanqanaba angaphantsi kweROP aphantsi kakhulu; Uninzi lwabantwana abaneSigaba se-I kunye ne-II ROP baya kuphucula ngaphandle kokonyango kwaye baya kuba nombono oqhelekileyo.
- Isigaba soku-1: Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweenqanawa zokubuyisela. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba ngcono ngaphandle kwonyango kwaye ayinayo imiphumo yesikhathi eside.
- Isigaba sesi-2: Ukukhula kweenqanawa zokubuyiswa kwemitha kungekho ngokwemvelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba ngcono ngaphandle kwonyango kwaye ayinayo imiphumo yesikhathi eside.
- Isigaba sesi-3: Ukukhutshwa kweenqanawa zokubuyisela ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima kakhulu. Iintsana ezinegqeba le-3 i-ROP zingadinga unyango kwi-ROP kwaye ibe nomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki zembono zexesha elide. Iintsana ezinezifo ezidibeneyo, uphawu lokuba i-ROP iya phambili ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo idinga unyango ngeli nqanaba.
- Isigaba sesi-4: I- detective clock. Ngokuqhelekileyo idinga unyango kwaye ingakhokelela kwiingxaki zembono okanye ixesha elide.
- Isigaba sesi-5: Gcwalisa i-detinal detachment. Kudinga unyango kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zembono okanye kwiimfama.
Ukuxilongwa
I-Retinopathy ye-prematurity ifunyaniswa ngexesha lokuhlola iso. Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa, i-eyedrops isetyenziselwa ukuphucula abafundi babantwana. Ngexesha loviwo, i-ophthalmologist iya kujonga ngokucophelela kwi-retina ukuhlola ukuba iinqanawa zikhula ngokufanelekileyo kwaye, ukuba akunjalo, yintoni inxalenye ye-retina ebonisa iimpawu zengxaki.
Azikho zonke iintsana eziza kusengaphambili ziza kufuna iimvavanyo zokuvavanya i-ROP. Izibhedlele ziyahluka apho iintsana zihlolwe i-ROP, kodwa ezininzi iintsana ezizalwe phambi kweeveki ezingama-31 ziza kuba novavanyo olulodwa ukuvavanya i-ROP. Ukuba uvavanyo aluhambelani okanye amehlo omntwana abonisa iimpawu ze-ROP, ngoko iimviwo zokulandela ziya kulungiswa rhoqo.
Unyango
Uninzi lweziganeko ze-retinopathy zokuqala kwangaphambili ziza kuba ngcono zodwa kwaye azifuneki unyango.
Kwinqanaba lesi-3 kwi-ROP nangaphezulu, kunokufuneka unyango lokuyeka ukukhula okungavumelekanga kwemithambo yegazi kwi-retina okanye ukulungisa i-retinal detachment. Iindidi zonyango ziquka i-cryotherapy, unyango lwe-laser kunye nokuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngama-retinal.
- I-Cryotherapy : I-Cryotherapy isebenzisa amaqondo okushisa okubanda ukuba aphelise iindawo ze-retina ezichaphazelekayo yi-ROP, eyekelela ukugqithiswa kwemithambo yegazi engafanelekanga kwiso.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-Laser: Njenge-cryotherapy, unyango lwe-laser lusetyenziswe ukuyeka ukugqithiswa kweempahla ezingekho emzimbeni kwi-retina. I-laser isetyenziselwa ukutshisa amancinci kwiindawo ze-retina ezichaphazelekayo yi-ROP. Ulwaphulo lwe-Laser luba nemiphumo engcono kune-cryotherapy kwaye isetyenziswe rhoqo, kodwa i-cryotherapy isasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile. Ukuze ugcine umbono ophakathi, umboniso wembono ungase ulahleke kunye ne-cryotherapy kunye neyeza zonyango.
- Ukuhlinzwa okwe-Retinal: Kwinqanaba le-4 kunye ne-5 yokuphindaphinda kwe-pre-purity, i-retina iqalile ukuyifumana okanye igxothwe ngokupheleleyo kwiso. Icandelo elincinci lokubuyisela lingaba ngcono okanye lifuna ukuhlinzwa. I-retina ekhutshwe ngokupheleleyo ifuna ukuba utyando.
Iziphumo zexesha elide
Ukufikelela kuma-90% ezana ezizalwe phambi kweeveki ezingama-31 ziya kuphuhlisa uhlobo lweROP. Uninzi lweziganeko ze-ROP zinyameko kwaye azibe nemiphumo emide. Abantwana abahlupheke kwi-ROP njengabantwana bangabonwa, okanye banokuba ne-strabismus okanye i-amblyopia.
Kwiimeko zeROP ezinzima, ukulahleka kombono kungabikho. Izibhedlele zilunge ngakumbi ekuxilongeni nasekuphatheni iROP ngaphambi kokuba kubangele ukuba yimfama, kodwa iimeko ezinzima ze-ROP zisenokubangela ukulahleka kombono.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijeni kunye ne-ROP
I-oksijithi eyongezelelweyo isetyenziswa ngokuxhaswa ngokuphefumula ukuze uncede ukugcina igazi lomntwana lokugcwalisa i- oksijini kumanqanaba aphilileyo. Abantu abadala kunye neentsana zentsuku kufuneka zigcine ukuzaliswa kwe-oksijeni kwi-90s ephakamileyo ukuze zihlale ziphilile, kodwa iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha ziyahluka.
Xa ukunakekelwa kwintsana kwangaphambi kokuqala kwinto yobuchwepheshe, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi basebenze nzima ukugcina i-oxygen saturation saturation kwinqanaba eliphilileyo labantu abadala. Emva kokufunda okuninzi, kwafumanisa ukuba iintsana ezine-oxygen saturation zigcinwe phezulu zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphuhlisa i-ROP. Oogqirha kunye nabongikazi banokukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo amanqanaba e-oksijeni ukugcina i-oxygen saturation ibe ngaphantsi kwama-83% kwiintshaba, ekuncedeni ukuthintela i-ROP.
Imithombo:
UCapone, uAntonio noQuiram, uPolly. "Ukuqonda kwangoku kunye nokuLawula kwe-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity." I-Opinion yangoku kwi-Ophthalmology 2007; 18, 228-234.
Coe, Kristi et al. "I-Optional Optional Oxygen Targeting (SPOT): Inkqubo yokunciphisa ukungabikho kobuNtsana kwiintsana ezine-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity." Umbhalo woMgangatho woNonophelo loLondolozo lukaNovemba 2005; 21, 230-235.
INational Eye Institute. "Iinkcukacha Nge-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity (ROP). Http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/rop/
Ii-Sears MD, uWilliam, i-Sears MD, uRobert, i-Sears MD, uJames, i-Sears RN, uMarta. Incwadi Yomntwana Yengaphambi Kwangaphambili: Yonke Into Okufuneka Uyazi Ngomntwana Wakho Okhulileyo Kusukela Ekuzalweni Kuya Kudala . Little, Brown kunye neCo, eNew York, 2004.