Iirekodi Zakho Zonyango Ziyimfihlo Njani? Akunjalo
EUnited States, ezininzi izigulane zikholelwa ukuba imithetho ye-Intshuwalense yokuPhathwa kweMpilo noXanduva (i-HIPAA) igcina iirekhodi zezokwelapha ezizimeleyo, zabelwana kuphela phakathi koogqirha bethu, ngokwethu, mhlawumbi okanye othandekayo. Kodwa abo bakholelwa ukuba bayiphutha!
Enyanisweni, kukho ininzi yabantu kunye nemibutho evunyelwe ngokomthetho ukufikelela kwiirekhodi zethu zezokwelapha ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, mhlawumbi ngesicelo okanye ngokuthenga.
Kwezinye iimeko, sinika imvume yokufikelela kwabo. Kwabanye, imvume ayimfuneko. Kwezinye iimeko, sinika imvume ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba senze njalo.
Kwaye ke kukho abo bafikelela kwiirekhodi zethu ngokungemthetho.
Nantsi uluhlu lweentlobo zabantu kunye nemibutho efikelela kwiirekhodi zethu zonyango rhoqo, indlela abafumana ngayo nokuba kutheni bafuna.
Iintlobo zoLwazi lweeNgxelo zoLwazi
Kukho ezimbini iindidi eziqhelekileyo zerekodi zonyango ezabelwana ngazo okanye zithengwa. Uhlobo lo kuqala lubizwa ngokuba irekhodi ebonakalayo ngabanye , ejolise kwiimpawu zobuqu - irekhodi egameni lomntu, oogqirha, abaqhankqalazi, ukuxilonga, unyango kunye nokunye. Le yirekhodi esiyicelayo xa sifuna ukuhlaziya iirekhodi zethu zonyango .
Uhlobo lwesibini lwerekhodi yezokwelapha luya kwifomathi ebizwa ngokubanzi. Ingxelo yonyango ehlanganisiweyo yedatha yeempawu, kodwa ayihambelani nomntu kunye nedatha yakhe ethile.
Kunoko, amakhulu okanye amawaka eirekodi ahlanganiswe kwiintlobo ezininzi ukuze enze uluhlu oluhlanganisiweyo. Le nkqubo yokuhlola kunye nokwenza uludwe kuthiwa "ukuchithwa kwedatha." Ngokomzekelo, isibhedlele singenza i-data yedata yonke iirekhodi zezigulane ezinentliziyo eyenza ukuhlinzwa. Iirekhodi, i-regregated record ingabandakanywa amagama angama-100 yezigulane, ezahlukileyo kwiindidi ezingama-25 ze-inshurensi, ezazisetyenzwa ngabagqirha abaziinkcenkceshela ezi-17 eziphambili, zonyango zenziwa ngabagqirha abahlukeneyo aba-10, kwaye zakhutshwa kwiindawo ezili- lwabo utyando.
Ingxelo "ichongiweyo," ithetha ukuba ayitsho ukuba isigulane sinjani umshwalense, ugqirha, iiprayimari, iziko leprayimari.
Ngubani oFinyeleleke ngokusemthethweni komntu ngamnye, iiRekodi zeZonyango zoLuntu?
- Unelungelo elingokomthetho kwiikopi zakho zerekhodi zonyango.
- Umthandayo okanye umnakekeli unokufumana ilungelo lokufumana iikopi zeengxelo zakho zezokwelapha, naye, kodwa unokufuneka unikeze imvume ebhaliweyo.
- Ababoneleli bakho banelungelo lokubona nokwabelana ngamarekhodi akho nabani na onikwe imvume. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ugqirha wakho wokunyamekela ugqirha uthetha kuwe kwingcali, uya kucelwa ukuba usayine ifomu ethi unokukwazi ukwabelana ngeerekhodi zakho kunye naloo ngcali. Ababoneleli baqwalaselwa yi-HIPAA ukuba babe ngamacandelo athileyo. Iinkampani ezifihliweyo ziquka oogqirha okanye abanye abaqeqeshi bezonyango, izibonelelo ezifana nezibhedlele okanye ii-laboratories, amakhaya angamahlengikazi, ii-rehab maziko, bonke abahlawuli kunye nabanikezeli bethekhnoloji abanjengeenkampani zeenkcukacha zezempilo ze- elektroniki ezigcina iirekhodi zempilo zekhompyutha . Njengemibutho ehlanganisiweyo, banemithetho eqinile kakhulu ekufuneka bayilandele, kwaye leyo ibandakanya ukufumana imvume ebhaliweyo evela kuwe ukwabelana ngamarekhodi akho.
- Abahlawuli bakho banelungelo lokufumana iikopi kwaye basebenzise iirekhodi zakho zonyango njengoko zichaziwe kwimithetho ye-HIPAA. Iinkampani zomshuwalense, i-Medicare, i-Medicaid, isinxephezelo sabasebenzi, ukukhubazeka koLuntu, iSebe leMagxarha - nayiphina into ehlawulela nayiphi na isabelo semfuno zakho zempilo ingaqwalasela iirekhodi zakho. Oku kungabandakanya umqeshi wakho ukuba umqeshi wakho uncedisa ukunyamekela unyango lwakho. (Bona oku ngakumbi malunga nokufikelela komqeshi apha ngezantsi.)
- Urhulumente unelungelo lokufumana iirekhodi zakho zonyango. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, nayiphi na i-arhente karhulumente ehlawula nayiphi na inxalenye yemfuno zakho zonyango ingaba nokufikelela kumthetho kwiirekhodi zakho. Kodwa ezinye iarhente karhulumente zinokufikelela, kwakhona. Ukuba uye wabandakanyeka kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi yokunyanzeliswa komthetho njengomenzi wobubi okanye ixhoba, iirekhodi zakho ngabanye zingacelwa ukuba zichaphazele naziphi na izenzo zomthetho. Ukuba usebenze ngengozi yomsebenzi, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration ingabandakanyeka. Ukuba ukunyamekelwa kwakho kubantwana bakho bayabuzwa, iinkonzo zendawo zokukhusela abantwana zingathanda ukufumana iirekhodi zonyango lomntwana.
- Umqeshi wakho unokufikelela kwezinye iirekhodi zakho zonyango, kodwa loo nto ifumaneka kwindawo engcolileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uya kubapha imvume, nokuba awuyiqondi.
Imibuzo emininzi ngabaqeshi kunye neirekhodi zezokwelapha zibhekiswe yiSebe laseMelika labasebenzi okanye isebe lakho labasebenzi baseburhulumenteni, kungekhona ngemithetho ye-HIPAA. Ngokomzekelo, uMthetho woLondolozo lwezeNtsapho kunye noTywala ungadinga ukuba ezinye iirekhodi zibelane ngazo. Amaphepha aseMelika aKhubazekileyo angenza ukuba iirekhodi zakho zijongwe ngumqeshi wakho okanye ngumqeshi onokuthi uzinikezele umsebenzi. Amatyala asebenzayo angavumela abaqeshi ukuba bazi ngaphezu kokufunayo. Ukungaphumeleli ukudlula ukuhlolwa kweziyobisi kunokuvumela ukuba umqeshi angene. Ukuba ugula ixesha elide, umqeshi angakucela isizathu sokuba ugqirha, orekhodiweyo. Iiprogram zoncedo lwabaqeshi zinokuchaphazela ukunakekelwa kwempilo yakho; kubabo baqeshi abazixhaswa ngemali (intsingiselo, baninzi kangangokuba baphatha yonke i-inshorensi yezempilo ngokwabo), imigca ingadibana phakathi komqeshi wakho njengomhlawuli wakho kunye nomqeshi wakho njengomqeshi wakho.
- I- Medical Information Bureau ingaba nerekodi eyodwa kuwe kwaye ayikho phantsi kwe-HIPAA.
- IiNgcaciso zeeNgcaciso ezifana ne-IntelliScript (iMilliman) kunye neMediPoint (Ingenix) ziya kuba neengxelo zengqondo zedatha kuzo zonke izidakamizwa ezithengiweyo eminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu. Olu lwazi luqhelekileyo lisetyenziswe ngomshuwalense wobomi okanye iinkampani zomshuwalense yokukhubazeka ukukhetha ukuba ngaba abayikuthengisa i-inshorensi okanye bangayithengisi.
Indlela Iirekhodi Zakho Zonyango Unokufikelela Ngayo Ingxaki
- Hackers: Sifunda kwiindaba malunga nentsuku zonke malunga nabahlaseli abaye bafumana ukufikelela kumawaka eirekhodi ezizimeleyo, ingaba ziiirekhodi zezempilo, iirekhodi zekhadi lesikweletu okanye enye imithombo yolwazi. Ulwazi lwezokwelapha lujolise phambili kuba amasela enza imali eninzi kwizinto zobusela bezokwelapha . Abakhangeleli irekhodi lomntu othile; Kunoko, bafuna iirekhodi ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nangona kungabandakanywa. Akukho mthethweni, kunjalo, kodwa kwenzeka njalo.
- Ukufikelela okungekho mthethweni okujoliswe kuwo : Olunye uhlobo olungekho mthethweni lokufikelela lungabhekiselwa kwiirekhodi zomntu othile. Ibhizinisi linokuhlawulisa umntu phantsi kwetafile ukuze ibambe irekhodi yonyango lomqeshwa, okanye iqabane eliqeshwe ngokukhawuleza linokufuna ulwazi malunga naye oqhawula umtshato. Siva kwiindaba malunga nabadumileyo abaneengxelo zabo zonyango ezibiwe rhoqo.
- Ukuvuza ngokukhawuleza : Kukho ezinye iindlela zokwaziswa kwonyango lwangasese kungahle sibe ngurhulumente, nangona oko kwenza ukuba kungabi mnandi. Umshini wokukopisha oqeshwe kwiofisi yegqirha ubuyiselwa kwikampani yokuqeshisa kunye namawaka eemviwo zecandelo lezokwelapha ezikopishwe kwimemori yayo. Into efanayo inokuthi yenzeke kunye nekhompyutheni ezinzima eziye zahluleka. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba imoto ayisebenzi kunye nekhompyutheni ayifuni ukuba umntu akakwazi ukufumana idatha.
- Ukunika Ulwazi Ngethu : Ngamanye amaxesha sinikela ngokupheleleyo zonke iintlobo zolwazi malunga nathi ngaphandle kokuqonda oko sikwenzayo. Xa sifuna i-intanethi, ezininzi iiwebhusayithi zitshala iinqununu zekhowudi kwiikhompyutha zethu, ezibizwa ngokuthi "ii-cookies," bese usebenzisa le datha ukubancedisa ukwenza imali. Okanye mhlawumbi ulawule izixhobo zonyango (njengengxube yexinzelelo yegazi okanye iibini zentsimbi) okanye izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwee-counter okanye nolwazi (jonga uJohn Hopkins White Papers ) evumela imibutho ukuba ikwazi ukuba zeziphi iingxaki zakho zonyango kwaye ucinga yolwazi ngonyango.
- Ulwazi lwakho lokuthengwa: Ngaba usebenzisa ikhadi lomvuzo wokunyaniseka ? Oku kunika ulwazi olungaphezulu kunokuba ungacinga, kungekuphela kokutya odlayo - okanye ungadli - kodwa nangomnye ukuthenga owenzayo kuloo venkile, ingakumbi ukuba unayo counter counter drug.
Ngubani o fi kelela kwaye asebenzise iiRekodi zoNyango zonyango?
Xa iirekhodi zethu zihlanganisiwe kwifom ehlangeneyo, zingasetyenziswa ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, le mibutho inelungelo lokuhlanganisa ulwazi kunye nokwabelana okanye ukuyithengisa, ngokungakhathaliseki ukuba lichongiwe.
- Uphando: Idatha ehlanganisiweyo ingasetyenziselwa uphando. Izigqibo ezifinyelelwe ngokusebenzisa idatha zingancedisa izigulane zekamva.
- Ukuthengiswa kwedatha : Ngezinye izibhedlele kunye namanye amaziko achaphazelekayo aya kuthengisa idatha ehlanganisiweyo. Isibhedlele sithengisa idatha yaso malunga nezigulane eziliwaka eziye zahlinzwa emva kweenkampani ezithengisa izihlalo zabakhubazekile. I-pharmacy ithengisa idatha yayo malunga nabathengi bayo abangama-5 000 abazalise imimiselo yee-cholesterol yeziyobisi kwiziko leentliziyo zendawo. Idatha ehlanganisiweyo isetyenziselwa injongo yokuthengisa ngeendlela ezininzi kakhulu ukuba ziluhlu, kwaye ziyimithombo enkulu yemali eninzi kwimibutho esebenza nezigulane.
- Ukukhutshwa kunye nokuxhaswa kwezimali: Imibutho engenzi nzuzo kunye neenkxaso zingasebenzisa idatha ehlanganisiweyo ukubanceda ukuba bafikelele kwi-fundraising. Imibutho yasekuhlaleni ingaba neqela kunye nezibhedlele okanye ezinye izibonelelo ezidibanisa idatha yazo. Imibutho kaRhulumente, yesizwe okanye yamazwe ngamazwe ifumana ezinye iindlela zokufikelela kule datha ehlanganisiweyo, nayo. Ewe, siyazifumana kwiincwadana zabo zokuxhaswa ngemali xa sithatha umdla kubo, oko kuthetha ukuba banokudibanisa idatha yabo ukuba bathengise kwenye intlangano efuna ukwazi ukuba sinomdla.
- I-FICO, inkampani evelisa izikolo zamatyala, sele iqalile ukuvelisa amanqaku okunamathela kumachiza. Bathi ayilona irekhodi elilodwa, ukuba yinto nje isabelo senani. Inani labo empeleni isigwebo esiphuhlisiwe kusetyenziswa enye idatha ehlanganisiweyo njengommandla ohlala kuwo kunye nemoto oyiqhubayo (phakathi kwezinye iimpawu) ukucacisa ukuba kufuneka uthathe njani iyeza olimiselweyo.
Akungabazeki ukuba kusetyenziswe ezinye ezininzi iinkcukacha zonyango. Olu luhlu olufutshane luqala nje ukukunika ingqiqo yezindlela ezihlanganisiweyo zingasetyenziswa.