I-Mitral stenosis iyimingcele ye-mitral valve, eyanciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukusuka kwi-atrium ekhohlo ukuya kwi-ventricle ekhohlo. I-stralosis ye-Mitral ayiqhelekanga namhlanje kumazwe athuthukileyo, kodwa xa kwenzekayo kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zeengqondo.
Yintoni i-Mitral Stenosis?
I-mitral valve ilawula ukuvula phakathi kwe-atrium yekhohlo kunye ne-ventricle yekhohlo.
Xa iikontraki ze-atrium ezisekhohlo, i-mitral valve ivula ukuvumela igazi ukuba liqhume kwi-ventricle engasekhohlo. I-ventricle yekhohlo ihamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-valve ye-mitral ivala ukukhusela igazi ekubuyiseni emuva ukuya kwi-atrium ekhohlo.
Nge-mitral stenosis, i-mitral valve igxininiswe kwaye iyasiphazamiseka (oko kukuthi, i-stenotic), kwaye ayikwazi ukuvula ngokugcwele. Xa oku kwenzeka, i-atrium yekhohlo ayikwazi ukuyilahla ngokupheleleyo. Igazi libuye libuyele phambili, elikhokelela ekunyuseni kweengxowankulu zonyango. Ngethuba lexesha elide, iingxaki zeentliziyo ezinokubangela.
Ziziphi Iingxaki Ze-Mitral Stenosis?
Iimeko ezininzi zinokuvelisa i-mitral stenosis:
- Isifo senhliziyo yesifo seRheumatic yinto ebalulekileyo . Ngenxa yokuba isifo senhliziyo se-rheumatic siye saqhathaniswa kumazwe athuthukile, i-mitral stenosis ibonakala ngokuthe gqithwa kangangoko kuninzi kwiminyaka emashumi edlulileyo.
- Ezinye iintlobo zesifo senhliziyo esiswini zingenza i-mitral stenosis. Kule meko, i-valral valve ihluleka ukuphuhlisa ngokuqhelekileyo.
- I-Mitral annular calcification (imeko apho i-calcium ifake kwi-valve mitral, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokubambisana nokuguga okanye isifo sesifo) kunokubangela i-mitral stenosis. Nangona i-mitral annular calcification yimeko eqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ibangela ukuphindaphinda kwe-mitra kwaye ivele ivelise i-mitral stenosis kuphela.
- I-endocarditis echaphazelekayo (intsholongwane yeentsimbi zentliziyo) ayinakudla ngokukhawuleza ibangele i-mitral stenosis.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezenza i-Mitral Stenosis?
Kwi-stralosis ye-mitral ebangelwa isifo senhliziyo esisisisiseko (ingxaki ebalulekileyo), ingxaki ye-valve ikhula kancane, ngaphezu kwexesha leminyaka, kwaye iimpawu zibonakala kancane kancane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-mitral stenosis ifunyaniswa okokuqala kwiminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-20 emva kokuba i- rheumatic fever yenzeke.
Ngethuba lonke eli xesha, uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-atrium ekhohlo lukhula kancane kancane, kwaye ekugqibeleni igumbi liyakwandiswa. Uxinzelelo olwandisiweyo luphinde ludluliselwe ngasemva, kwimithambo yegazi emiphakeni, kwaye ekugqibeleni uye kumpempiyeri. Umthambo we-pulmonary hypertension , uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-pulmonary artery, ihlala iphumela.
Umthambo we-pulmonary hypertension ungagqithisa ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo echaphazela kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo. Ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo yesinqe ngokuqhelekileyo kuhambelana nokukhathala okukhulu kunye nokuqokelela kwamanzi (i-edema) kwimilenze, kwaye kaninzi kwisisu.
I-fibrillation ye-Atrial ivame kakhulu kubantu abane-mitral stenosis. Kufike kuma-70% abantu abane-mitral stenosis ekugqibeleni baya kuphuhlisa le-arrhythmia.
I-Thromboembolism nayo ingxaki nge-mitral stenosis.
Amacwecwe egazi enza kwifom ye-atrium engavumelekanga kwaye adala umonakalo we-tissu, ngokugqithiseleyo. Le ngxaki ingengozini kunoma ubani ophethe i-fibrillation ye-atrial, kodwa loo mngcipheko ukhankanya ngokukhethekileyo xa i-fibrillation ye-agrithi ihambelana ne-mitral stenosis. Enyanisweni, i-thromboembolism ingenzeka nge-stralosis ye-mitral nangona i-fibrillation ye-atrial ayikho.
Ziziphi iimpawu zeMitral Stenosis?
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa yi-mitral stenosis yi- dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane), ukukhwehlela kunye nokukhathala. Abantu abane-mitral stenosis banako ukufumana le miqondiso naluphi na ixesha intliziyo ebizwa ukuba yenze umsebenzi omncinci, njengokuba kuqhutywa naluphi na uhlobo, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, umkhuhlane okanye ukugula okanye ukukhulelwa.
Njengoko i-mitral stenosis ngokwayo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo na iimpawu ezibangelwayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abane-mitral stenosis bagwema iimpawu ngokunciphisa ngokunciphisa umgangatho wabo wokusebenza kwiminyaka emininzi, ekugqibeleni bahlala bodwa. Ngenxa yokuba asebenzekanga, kaninzi abayi kubona ingxaki yokuphefumula, kwaye abanakho ukubika le ngxaki kuogqirha babo.
Xa i-mitral stenosis iba nzima, izigulana zinokuthi zihlakulele iimpawu ezingapheliyo nakwiindawo zokuphumla, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhlakulela i-edema kwaye ikhuphe igazi.
I-Arial fibrillation ikwazi ukuvelisa i-palpitations kunye nobunzima obuphantsi, kwaye inokwenza zonke iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-mitral stenosis kakhulu.
I-Mitral Stenosis Ifunyaniswe Njani?
Uxilongo luhlala lukhankanywa kuqala emva kokuba ugqirha enze uvavanyo lwenyama kwaye uqaphele intliziyo esithambileyo, egungqungqeleyo engummangaliso we-mitral stenosis. Xa ukuxilongwa kukhankanywa, kunokuqinisekiswa okanye kugwetyelwe ngaphandle nge- echocardiogram .
Ukunyanga iMetroral Stenosis
Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unesitral stenosis, izinto ezibalulekileyo wena kunye nogqirha wakho kuya kufuneka ukuba uqwalasele ukuba ngaba / nini ukwenza inkqubo yokupasa ukukhupha i-stenosis, kwaye yiyiphi inyathelo kufuneka ithathelwe ukukhusela i- thrombosis .
Umthombo:
Bonow, RO, Carabello, BA, Chatterjee, K, et al. Ukuhlaziywa okugxininisiweyo ka-2008 kufakwe kwi-ACC / AHA 2006 izikhokelo zokulawula izigulane ezinesifo senhliziyo: iNgxelo ye-American College of Cardiology / i-American Heart Association Task Force kwi-Practice Guidelines (IKomiti yokuBhala ukuHlola izikhokelo zoLawulo lwe-1998 Izigulane nge-Valvular Heart Disease): Ukuvunyelwa nguMbutho wee-Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, uMbutho wee-Cardiovascular Angiography kunye neNongenelo, kunye noMbutho weeNgcali zeTraac. Uhambo luka-2008; 118: e523.
Chandrashekhar Y, Westaby S, Narula J. Mitral stenosis. Lancet 2009; 374: 1271.