Uvavanyo lwe-Active okanye i-Hepatitis B engapheliyo
I-hepatitis B yomhlaba we-antigen (HBsAg) uvavanyo lwegazi oluyalelwe ukuba lunqunywe ukuba umntu osulelekileyo unentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B. Ukuba ifunyenwe, kunye ne-antibodies ethile, kuthetha ukuba umntu unentsholongwane ka - hepatitis B. Ukuba igazi lakho lihle kwi-HBsAg, ithetha ukuba usuleleka kwintsholongwane kwaye ungayidlulisela kwabanye abantu ngegazi lakho okanye umzi wamanzi.
I-hepatitis B
I-Hepatitis B yintsholongwane enkulu yesibindi ebangelwa yi-virus ye-hepatitis B (HBV). Kwabanye abantu, ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B kuba nzima, oku kuthetha ukuba ihlala ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ukuba ne-hepatitis B engapheliyo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi okanye i-cirrhosis-imeko ebangela ukutshabalalisa kwesibindi.
Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sengqondo se-hepatitis B njengoko abantu abadala beyifumana ngokupheleleyo, nangona ukuba iimpawu kunye neempawu zabo zinzima. Iintsana nabantwana banakho amathuba okukhusela i-hepatitis B engapheliyo. Isitofu sokugonya singakwazi ukukhusela i-hepatitis B, kodwa akukho nonyango ukuba unayo. Ukuba unesifo, ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela ezithile kunokunceda ukukhusela iHBV kwabanye.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-hepatitis B, ukusuka kwi-mild-to-severe, zivame ukuvela malunga neenyanga ezine emva kokuba usulelekile. Zingaquka:
- Intlungu zesisu
- Umchamo omnyama
- Fever
- Intlungu ehlangeneyo
- Ukuphelelwa kwesidlo
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- Ukuthathaka nokukhathala
- Ukuqhwala kwesikhumba sakho kunye nabamhlophe kwamehlo akho (i-jaundice)
Izizathu
Intsholongwane ye-Hepatitis B idluliselwa ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu ngegazi, inja okanye ezinye izifo zomzimba.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zeHBV ezihanjiswayo ziquka:
- Ukuthintana ngokwesondo. Unokusuleleka xa unesondo esingakhuselekanga nomlingane osulelekileyo ogama lakhe, i-saliva, isilwane okanye iimfihlo zokungena emzimbeni zingena emzimbeni wakho.
- Ukwabelana ngeenaliti. I-HBV idluliselwa ngokulula ngeedalesi kunye neesirring ezihlambulukile ngegazi eligulayo. Ukwabelana nge-intravenous (IV) izixhobo zonyango zibeka engozini ephezulu ye-hepatitis B.
- Iimbophu zeenaliti ezingxamisekileyo. I-Hepatitis B yinkxalabo yabasebenzi benonophelo lwempilo kunye nabani na omnye odibana negazi lomntu.
- Unina kumntwana. Abafazi abakhulelwe abane-HBV banokugqithisa intsholongwane kwiintsana zabo ngexesha lokubeletha. Nangona kunjalo, usana luya kugonywa ukuba luphephe ukusuleleka kuma-almost every case. Xoxa nodokotela wakho malunga nokuvavanywa kwe-hepatitis B ukuba ukhulelwe okanye ufuna ukukhulelwa.
Ukuba ulungile kwi-HBsAg, igazi lakho kunye nomzimba wakho uqulethe intsholongwane kwaye ungayithumela kwabanye.
Ngaphezulu malunga neHBsAg
I-HBsAg, ehlanjululwa kwisithuba seenyanga ezine ukuya kweyesithandathu kwiintsholongwane ezithintekayo ngokwabo (izifo ezithembela ngokwazo), ziyafumaneka kwigazi ngexesha lezo zibini zikhuhlane (iintsholongwane eziza ngokukhawuleza) kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo (iintsholongwane ezihlala ixesha elide iinyanga ezintandathu). Ukongeza kwiimpawu kunye nezibonakaliso isigulane esinalo, izifo zengxubevange ezongezelelweyo zingavanywa ukuba zihluke phakathi kwezifo ezigugu kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo.
Kwinqanaba legciwane lesifo se-hepatitis B ngu-DNA, equle iifom zeentsholongwane ezisebenzisayo ukuziphendulela.
Ukujikeleza i-DNA yiprotheyini ebizwa ngokuthi i-HBcAG (i-hepatitis B yangundoqo ye-antigen), engenakufunyanwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kujikeleze oku ku-HBsAg, eyona nxalenye yokhuselo "imvulophu." Le mvulophu ijikeleze intsholongwane kwaye iyayikhusela ekuhlaselweni yindlela yomzimba yomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, i-immune system ilungile ukufumana le mvulophu ukwenzela ukubulala intsholongwane. Xa kunjalo, iiprotheni ze-antigen protein zishiywe egazini njenge-debris, apho iimvavanyo zesebe zingazibona.
Iimvavanyo zokuhlola i-Hepatitis B
Igazi lakho lingahlolwa i-HBV ngezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Iimvavanyo ezintathu ziquka i-HBsAg, i-antibody ku-HBsAg, kunye ne-antibody kwi-hepatitis B engundoqo ye-antigen.
Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba wazi ukuba unokufumana inzuzo yokugonywa, okanye ukuba unomdla okanye unesifo esingapheliyo nesifo se-hepatitis B kwaye ufuna ukucebisa, ukunakekelwa okanye unyango.
Unokuhlolwa rhoqo xa ukhulelwe, unika igazi okanye izicubu, udinga unyango lwe-immunosuppressive, okanye une-stal-stal disease. Uya kuhlolwa kwakhona ukuba unamaqela asemngciphekweni ophezulu kwi-HBV.
> Umthombo:
> I-Hepatitis B Imibuzo yeeNgcali zezeMpilo. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/hbvfaq.htm.