Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ukususela kwangoko ukunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukulala kwakuchazwe ngo-1953 ngumnye wabasunguli bemithi yokulala, uNathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D., kuphando lwakhe ngemfihlelo yokulala. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, sisenokuningi esinokukufunda malunga nesimo sokulala.
Kukho inkxalabo yokuba ukungabikho kokulala kwe-REM kungabangela impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwimpilo.
Oku kungenzeka kwimeko yokulala ngokwaneleyo, ukusetyenziswa kweemithi ezichasayo, kunye neengxaki zokulala. Ukulahleka kokulala okuphuphayo kunokuchaphazela njani imemori, ukufunda, kunye nemizwa?
Yintoni yokulala i-REM?
Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukulala ngenye yeendidi ezibini zeendlela zokulala ezivela ngokwemvelo. Kukwahluke kangangokuba abanye ngamanye amaxesha badibaniswa ndawonye nje ngokulala okungabikho kwe-REM. Ziziphi iimpawu zeklasi zokulala kwe-REM?
Izifundo zokulala zanamhlanje, ezifana ne- polysomnogram , ukulinganisa umonakalo wengqondo yengqondo kunye ne- EEG , umsebenzi we-muscle kunye ne-EMG, kunye nokuhamba kwamehlo nge-EOG. Ngenkcazo, ukulala kwe-REM kuyaphawuleka ukuba kukho ubuchopho obusebenzayo kunye nokukhubazeka kwezihlunu zamathambo. Enyanisweni, iimbumba ezimbalwa zomzimba zihlala zisebenzayo ngeli nqanaba lokulala. Iimisipha ezisetyenziselwa ukunyuka kwamehlo kunye nesithintelo (okuyimfuneko yokuphefumula okuqhubekayo) kuyaqhubeka ukusebenza.
Oku kukhubazeka kunokuthintela ukwenziwa komxholo wephupha, njengamaphupha acacileyo yinto enye ebalulekileyo yokulala kwe-REM. Ngaphandle kokukhubazeka, ingxaki yokuziphatha yokulala kwe-REM ingenzeka.
Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-REM Sleep
Uphando lubonakala luxhasa inkxaso yokuba ukulala kwe-REM kunendima ebalulekileyo kwimini yomsebenzi.
Inokuthi ifake isandla ekufundiseni nasekuhlanganisweni kwememori, kodwa uphando aluhambelani. Ngokukodwa, kunokunceda umntu afunde isakhono esitsha. Umzekelo wale memori yenkqubo ingafunda ukuhamba ngebhayisekile. Ihluke kwizinto eziyiyo, okanye imemori yeememori, njengokukhumbuza uluhlu lwamagama amagama.
Ngaphandle kwendima yayo kwimemori yenkqubo, kucatshulwa ukuba ukulala kwe-REM nakho kunendima ekuxazululeni iingxaki. Unxibelelwano oluyingqungquthela lungenziwa ngaphakathi kwengqondo, ukuvumela ukufumanisa iveli.
Iiphupha ezicacileyo zokulala kwe-REM zidla ngokufana ne-movie ebonakalayo apho umntu oleleyo ngumdlali kumbali. Xa umxholo wephupha uphazamisekile, iziphumo zobusuku zingabangela. Izifo zengqondo ezinjengexhala kunye nokudandatheka kunye nesifo sengxaki yokuxinwa kwengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (PTSD) inokuchaphazela amava amaphupha.
Ukuba ukulala kwe-REM kunomsebenzi obalulekileyo, ukulahlekelwa kwayo kungabangela ingxaki.
Ukuphuphuma kwephupha: Ukulahleka kokulala, iMithi, kunye nokuPhalala koButhongo
Kuninzi okwenziwe ngeempembelelo zokulahlwa kwebala kwizempilo . Xa ubona ubuthongo obaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulala, kukho imiphumo yangempela kwimpilo nangentlalo. Ukulahlwa kokulala kungabangeli ubuthongo kunye nemingcipheko engokwemvelo, kodwa kubonakala kubonakala kukuphazamisa umonakalo, intlungu kunye nempilo yengqondo.
Kuthekani ukuba ngaba kunjalo nakwe-sleep sleep sleep? Umntu angaba njani uphupha iphupha?
Okokuqala, makhe sicinge ngesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo sokulala . Ukulala kwe-REM ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokulala. Nemizuzu engama-90 ukuya kwe-120, ukulala kwe-REM kungenzeka. Ezi zihlandlo zingaphaya kwemizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwe-30 kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ziba zide ukuya ngasekuqaleni ukwenzela ukuba ubuthongo obuninzi be-REM bufumaneke kwi-yesithathu yokugqibela yobusuku. Kuqhelekile ukuphazamisa ixesha lokugqibela lokulala kwe-REM ekuvukeni.
Kukho imeko ezithile xa ukulala kwe-REM kunokuncitshiswa okanye kungabikho ukulala. Ubuncwane bokulala ngenxa yokungabi naneleyo kweeyure zokulala zingakhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokupheleleyo ixesha elichithwe kwi-REM, kodwa ipesenteji zobusuku kwi-sleep sleeping inokwandisa.
Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ubuthongo obunzima bungaqedwa ngokuhlanganiswa kokulala .
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunempembelelo enkulu kwi-sleep sleep. Ezi zilandelayo ziyaziwa ukukhusela ukulala kwe-REM:
- Caffeine
- Utywala
- Marijuana
- I-opioid (i-narcotic) imithi yeentlungu
- Amayeza e-Benzodiazepine
- Amachiza okuxhatshazwayo
- Lithium
Ngaphandle kwezi mpembelelo, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ngokukodwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-apnea yobuthongo kunye ne- narcolepsy , kunokukhokelela kumaxesha ahlukeneyo okulala kwe-REM. Ukuphumla kwemisipha ye-REM kungabangela ukuba izidumbu zomoya zidibane kwaye zenze ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla kubonakale kwi-apnea yokulala. Oku kunokunciphisa ukuphikelela kwe-REM. Xa i-apnea yokulala iphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ngonyango oluqhubekayo lwe-airway (CPAP) , oku kungakhokelela ekuphumeni kwe-REM.
Ingaba Iphupha Eliphulukileyo Linokuchaphazeleka?
Omnye unokucinga ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kotywala kunye neengcinezelo eziphezulu, ukuxhaphaka kwe-apnea yokulala, okanye iimpembelelo zokunqongophala kokulala kungabangela impembelelo enzulu kwimpilo yoluntu. Ngelishwa, uphando aluzange lubonise oku.
Ukuba kukho intsebenzo ebalulekileyo ephunyezwe ngukulala kwe-REM, kutheni kungekho niphumo ebonakalayo xa ukuhlutha kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo kwiminyaka emininzi esetyenziswa kakubi? Ngaphandle kwezifundo ezinomonakalo ongapheliyo kwi-REM eyenza inxalenye yengqondo ingaba nememori engavamile kwaye ayikho ilahleko yomsebenzi. Isidingo se-biologic eyaneliswa yi-REM siyaziwa.
Kukho ngokucacileyo ukwandiswa komsebenzi obomzimba kwingqondo ngexesha lokulala kwe-REM, kodwa kuphelelani? Ingaba iinkqubo ziyacinywa nje ukuba ziqinisekise ukuba ziyasebenza? Ingaba oku kukubangela ukuba ingqondo ibuyele ngokukhawuleza ekubukeni kwentsasa? Ngaba ukutshintsha kweekhemikhali eyenzekayo (ngokukodwa ukuphela komsebenzi we-histamine, i-norepinephrine, kunye ne-serotonin) kuvumela ukusetyenzwa kweendlela zokuziphatha kunye nobuchule obulungiselele kwi-neurotransmitters? Okanye ngaba kukho into engakumbi kule ndawo engaqondakaliyo yokuqonda? Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ucacise kwaye ujolise ukucinga ukuba ngenye imini ingafundwa.
ILizwi
Ukuba ukhathazekile malunga neempembelelo zokunqongophala kokulala kwe-REM, finyelela kwirejista yakho yokulala ebhodini. Imfundo malunga nobungozi bakho obuphezulu kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, isifundo sokulala sokuxilonga sinokukunceda. Uphando olungakumbi lufunekayo ukucacisa ezi mpe mbelelo, kodwa ukuphucula ubuthongo bakho kuya kuhlala kukunceda uzive ungcono.
> Imithombo:
> Kryger, MH et al . "Imigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kweMithi yokulala." I-ExpertConsult , i-6th edition, 2017.
> I-Naiman R. "Iphunga elingenasiphelo: ingqungquthela yokuthula yokulala kwe-REM." U- Annals weNew York Academy yeSayensi . Oktobha 2017. I-Vol 1406: 77-85.
> Rasch B et al. "Ukuphulukana kokulala kwe-Pharmacological REM ukuxhaswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kuphazamise imemori yolwazi. " Nat Neurosci . 2009; 12: 396-7.
> Siegel JM. "I-hypothesis ye-REM yokudibanisa i-memory." Sayensi. 2001; 294 (5544): 1058-63.