Iimfucu akuyikugula esikubona ezininzi kule mihla, kodwa sele ibuyisela kwiminyaka yamuva. Iimpawu kunye neempawu, ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela owomileyo, ukuqonda ukukhanya, kunye nokugqithisa, ngokubanzi kubonakala ngaphezu kweveki emva kokungabikho. Ngenxa yengozi yokusuleleka kwindlebe, i-pneumonia, kunye nezinye iimeko ezinzima, kubalulekile ukwazi le mijelo kunye neminye impawu yamasisi kwaye ufune unyango xa ucinga ukuba uthintekile.
Oku, ngokusobala, yinkxalabo kulabo abangagonywanga. Nangona i-measles eqhelekileyo eUnited States, ukuqubuka kungenzeka kwaye intsholongwane ingahlawuliswa xa uhamba kwamanye amazwe.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungathembela kwi-personal know of measles, kwaye unethuba elihle ugqirha wakho akazange alifumane. Ngenxa yoko, ukufunda kwintsholongwane kunokunceda kakhulu.
Ngeentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwi-12 emva kokuvelela kumntu onesisisi (nangona le nkqubela ingabalwa ukusuka kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-21), abantu abangenakukhuseleka kwiimasisi bangavelisa iimpawu ze-measles, ezinye zazo zifana nomkhuhlane, kuquka:
- Umkhuhlane, oqhelekileyo uqala ibanga eliphantsi kwaye uqhubeka ukwandisa usuku ngalunye, uhamba ngee-104 okanye i-105 degrees ngosuku lwesine okanye lwesihlanu lokugula nokuphula iintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko
- Umkhuhlane omile
- Iphunga le-Runny, i-sneezing, kunye nokudibanisa
- Olubomvu, amehlo enamehlo ukusuka kwi-conjunctivitis
- Ifotophobia (ukuqonda ukukhanya)
- Ukutya okubi
- Iingqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungquthela ezivuyiweyo
- Amabala aseKoplik, amancinci, amabala obomvu obomvu ngamacwecwe amhlophe aphakathi kwamagqabha amhlophe afunyanwa ngaphakathi emlonyeni, ngaphakathi kweetama, nakwi-palate
Kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva koko, emva komkhuhlane kunye nezinye iimpawu zokulinganisa isisisi, umntu onomasisi uya kuhlakulela ukugqithiswa kwemasisi.
Iimfucu zisasazeka kwiintsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuba ukugqithisa kubonakale kwiintsuku ezine emva kokuba kuvela.
Iimpawu zeRash
Nangona ezininzi iintsholongwane zentsholongwane zentsholongwane zibandakanya ukukhawuleza, ukugqithwa kwemasisi kunamacandelo athile awenza ukuba ahluke kwiintlobo ezinobungozi beentsholongwane. Kwenye into, ngokungafani nezinye izifo zentsholongwane, ezifana ne- roseola kunye nenkukhu, enokuqala kwi-trunk, ukugquma kwemasisi kuqala ngobuso nentloko.
Ezinye izinto ezimele zibukele malunga nokugqithwa kwemasisi:
- Ukuqhaqhazela okubomvu, kuya kubonakala phantsi komzimba wakho okanye umzi womntwana wakho kwiintsuku ezintathu ezizayo, ekugqibeleni ufikelele ezandleni nasezinyaweni emva kokuba uqale ngeenxa zonke zakho.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ihlala malunga neentsuku ezintlanu ukuya ezintandathu.
- Emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine, ukugqithisa kungasayi kuba mhlophe xa utyhalazela kuyo.
- IiNdawo, apho ukuvuthwa kwemasisi kunzima kakhulu, kunokuqala ukucima.
- Xa ukukhawuleza kuqalisa ukuhamba, kuya kutshabalalisa ngendlela efanayo. Kuya kuqala ukuhamba malunga neenwele zeenwele kunye nobuso kuqala, i-trunk elandelayo, kunye nemigangatho yokugqibela.
Kwakhona, ngokungafani nezinye izifo zentsholongwane, umkhuhlane kunye nesisu usoloko uqhubeka xa uhlaselo lukhula. Enyanisweni, wena okanye umntwana wakho unokubonakala ugule kakhulu kwiintsuku zokuqala ezinokuqala ukugqithisa, kwaye unganokuziva ungcono kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba umkhuhlane uphula.
Iingxaki
Nangona abanye abantu baqhubeka besithi imasisi yintsholongwane elincinci, inokuba neengxaki ezinzima. Enyanisweni, enye ingxaki okanye enye ingxaki iyenzeka malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zamatyala. Ngenxa yomkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokucasula, abantwana abaninzi baphela ekudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Uninzi lwabantu luya kubuyiselwa kumasisi ngaphandle kwonyango, kodwa abanye banenkxalabo efuna unyango, kwaye ngelishwa, abantu abambalwa abafumana isisisi, ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana, bafa.
Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuphuhliswa kwengxaki kubandakanya:
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu
- Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20
- Bafazi abakhulelweyo
- Abantu abanamasosha omzimba omzimba
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zenzeke xa unesisulu ziquka:
- Izifo zentloko: Ezi zenzeke kwi-1 kwi-10 nganye yezingane kwaye zingabangela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
- Idayarrha: Oku kwenzeka kumntwana ongaphantsi kwe-1 kwabafundi kunye kwaye kunokukhokelela ekudambiseni amanzi.
Ingxaki ezinzima ngakumbi ezivela kumasisi ziquka:
- I-Pneumonia: Le ntsholongwane yesifo semiphunga yimbangela enkulu yokufa kwemasisi kubantwana. Malunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-20 abantwana abanesisisi bahlakulela i-pneumonia.
- Incephalitis: Oku kuvuvukala kwengqondo eyenzeka malunga nabantu abayi-1 kwabangu-1 000. Iquka iimpawu ezinzima, ezinjengomkhuhlane, intloko, ukuhlanza, intamo eqinile, ukucasula abantu, ukulala, ukudibana, kunye ne-coma. Le nkcenkceshelo yevilisi iqala ngokumalunga neentsuku ezintandathu emva kokuqala kokugqithwa kwemasisi kwaye kunokukhokelela ekufeni, ukungazithulu okanye ukulimala kwengqondo.
- Imiba yokukhulelwa : Iifama zingakhokelela kubasebenzi bokuqala, isisindo sokuzalwa esincinane, kunye nokulahleka kokukhulelwa.
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-panencephalitis ye-sclerosis (i-SSPE): Le nto iyingozi, kodwa inqabile engabangelwa yi-viral measles. Emva kweminyaka engama-7 ukuya kwe-10 emva kokulingwa kwemasisi, abantwana kunye nabaselula abakhulileyo abane-SSPE bahlakulela iimpawu zeengxaki ze-neurological, eziquka ukulahleka kwememori, ukuguquka kokuziphatha, ukunyuswa okungalawulekiyo, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa. Njengoko iimpawu ziqhubela phambili, zingaba ziimfama, zenze izihlunu ezinzima, zingakwazi ukuhamba, kwaye ekugqibeleni zihlahloke kwiimeko eziqhubekayo zityalo. Abantwana abanesisulu ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-2 babonakala besengozini yokuphuhlisa le ngxaki. Abantu abaneSSPE badla ngokufa kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ukuya kwiminyaka yokuqala yokuphuhlisa iimpawu. Ngethamsanqa, njengoko inani lee-measles liye lahla kwixesha lokugqibela lokugonya, kunjalo nenani le-SSPE lokufa.
- Ukuxhatshazwa: Kwi-0.6 yeepesenti ukuya kwi-0.7 pesenti yabantu, ukuxhatshazwa okanye ngaphandle kwemfiva kunokwenzeka njengengxaki yemasisi.
- Ukufa: EUnited States, imasisi iyingozi malunga neepesenti ezingama -2 zamatyala.
Iingxube zingabangela iingxaki ezibandakanya amehlo akho, kuquka:
- I-Keratitis: Lo usulelo okanye ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea, isakhiwo esicacileyo se-dome-inxalenye engaphambili kweso. Iimpawu ze-keratitis zibonakaliswa ngumbono, intlungu, ubomvu, ukukhanya kombane kunye nokuqhawula. Unokuvakalelwa kukuba kukho isanti eseliso lakho. I-Keratitis ingaba yinkcenkceshe engathà sina yemasisi kuba izikhonkwane ezinxulumene ne-cornea yakho, ukuba zikhona, zingonakalisa umonakalo wakho umonakalo.
- Izilonda ze-Corneal / ezibomvu: Ukuba i-keratitis iya kuba yimbi kakhulu, ingaba isilonda sesilumko , isifo esivulekileyo esibonakala njengombala omhlophe kwi-cornea. Isilonda sinokukhula okanye sisifo se-measles ngokwaso okanye sisifo sobungozi obangelwa yimasisi. Ingaba buhlungu kwaye iholele ekubhenkeni kwe-cornea yakho, okubangele ukuba umbono okanye ukungafihli.
- I-Retinopathy: Ngombulelo, i-retinopathy eyenziwa ngamasosha ayiyinto engavamile, kodwa kukho iingxelo ezilahlekileyo zokulahleka kombono ngenxa yokuba imasisi ibhubhise i-retina. Kulo hlobo lwe-retinopathy, imithwalo yegazi ibonakala yincinci, i-optic yamathumba ekhukhulayo, kunye ne-fluid yakha kwi- retina , ebangela iphethini enjengeenkwenkwezi. Oku kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kweso sikhashana okanye okusisigxina.
- I-optic neuritis: Oku kukuvuvukala kwentsimbi ye-optic, i-cable enkulu yomnatha edibanisa iso lakho kwingqondo yakho. Nangona le nkcenkcesha ayifumanekanga, ingafumaneka kubantu abahlakulela i-encephalitis enesisulu. I-optic neuritis ingabangela ukulahleka kombono wesikhashana okanye wokusisigxina.
- Ubumpumputhe: Kwilizwe eliphuhlisayo apho abantwana bengagonywanga rhoqo, imasisi yenye yezona zinto ezibangela ubumfama buntwaneni. Yibangelwa enye okanye ngaphezulu kweengxaki ezingenhla, ezenziwa zibi kakhulu ngokungondleki.
Nini ukubona iDokotela
Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uye wavelelwa kwi-roulebhu okanye kukho ukukhawuleza okukhoyo ukuba uyayikrokra imasisi, biza ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Unokudinga ukwenza amalungiselelo akhethekileyo okukubona ngaphandle kokubeka ingozi yokusasazeka kwesi sifo kwabanye abantu abakhubazekayo. Hlala ekhaya ukuze ungabeki abanye emngciphekweni, kwaye uthethe ugqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungabuyela emsebenzini okanye kwisikolo.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). Iingxaki zeMishu. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 5, 2018.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). Inyosi yokugonywa. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 5, 2018.
> I-Dang S. Izindlela eziMathandathu zeeNzitha ziyakuthinta amehlo. Ipapashwe ngo-Matshi 5, 2015.
> IiGans H. Measles: Ukubonakaliswa kweZikliniki, ukuSilathisa, unyango kunye nokuThintelwa. Isemgangathweno. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 5, 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). Iimpawu. Ukuhlaziywa kukaJanuwari 2018.