Indlela yodwa yokukhusela imasisi kukufumana isitofu sokugonywa kwe-measle, mumps, kunye ne-rubella (MMR). Esinye isigxina se-MMR sinikela malunga neepesenti ezingama-93 ukukhuselwa kumasisi. I-second booster dose, eyaqala ukunyuswa ngo-1990, inceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-immune vacillus ngaphezu kwama-97 ekhulwini. Ngoxa kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba wena kunye nosapho lwakho nisemagqabini ekugonyeni kwabo, kubaluleke kakhulu-ngakumbi xa kuziwa kumasisi-ukwenza oko ngaphambi kokuhamba ngaphandle kwe-United States.
Amatyala e- Measles e-United States ayenqatshelwe ngamaphesenti angama-99 ukususela kwiprojekti yokugonywa kwe-measles eyaqala ngo-1963. Ehlabathini lonke, ukugonywa kwe-measles kwi-Measles Initiative kuye kwaholela ekunciphiseni ngamaphesenti angama-84 ekufeni kwemasyumu ukususela ngo-2000, nangona isifo inkxalabo emazweni amaninzi ehlabathini lonke (ukuphuhlisa kunye nenye indlela).
Ukugonywa
Ngokuqinisekileyo, indlela efanelekileyo yokugwema imasisi kukukhusela kwesi sifo esinegalelo kakhulu ngokufumana ukhuselo lwe-MMR. Ekubeni abantwana banomdla wokugonywa ngamasisi kunye ne-MMR yokugonya xa beyiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwi-15 ubudala (umthamo wokuqala) kwaye kwakhona kwiminyaka engama-4 kuya kweyesi-6 (i-booster dose), gcinani engqondweni ukuba oku kuthetha ukuba iintsana zisengozini yemasisi ngaphambi kokuba bafumane i-MMR yabo yokuqala kwaye batshabalalisa nabo basesikolweni banomngcipheko wemasisi ngenxa yokuba bavalelekile emva kokufumana i-MMR yabo yokuqala.
Ngubani omele afumane i-Vaccinated
Ukugonya kwe-MMR kukhuthazwa kubo bonke abantwana. Isifo sokugonya sokuqala kufuneka sinikezwe malunga neenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-15, kunye neyesibini kwiminyaka emi-4 kuya kwe-6 ubudala, ngaphambi kokungena kwi-nursergarten. Umntwana oya kuhamba kwelinye ilizwe ngaphambi kokugonywa kufuneka abonwe ngunyango wezingane ukuba athole isitofu sokugonya.
Abantu abadala abangagonyanga kufuneka bafumane ubuncinane i-dose enye. Abo basebenza kwiinkonzo zempilo okanye esikolweni okanye kwiziko leyunivesiti basengozini ephezulu yokungcola kwaye kufuneka bafumane amanani amabini kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-28.
Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, kufuneka uhlolisise ugqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleke kumasisi, ekubeni ukulingwa kwemasisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokuba yingozi kwintsana yakho. Ukuba awukho mzimba, kufuneka ufumane ubuncinane i-MMR ubuncinane inyanga ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. I-CDC ithi ikhuselekile ukufumana i-MMR ngelixa uncelisa.
Abadala
Abazali abahlala bexhamla kwiimvumba zangasese zangoku baye babona ukuba akubona nje abantwana abangenasigxina abafumana imasese. Abantu abadala abangenasigxina ngokuchasene nemasisi, okanye, baninzi, abanokugonywa ngokupheleleyo , baye bafumana i-measles xa behamba ngaphandle kweUnited States kwaye baqalise ukuqhawuka ekhaya, nabo.
Njengabantwana, abantu abadala abazalelwe emva okanye emva kwe-1957 kufuneka bafumane i-MMR ezimbini xa bevaleleke kumasisi okanye baya kuhamba ngaphandle kwe-United States. Abantu abazalelwa ngaphambi kowe-1957 bacingelwa ukuba bahlaselwa yimasisi.
Ekubeni isicwangciso sokugonywa kwe-measles sokunika abantwana i-MMR isisetyenziselwa ukufika kwango-1990, kunokwenzeka ukuba abaninzi abantu abazalelwa ngaphambi kuka-1986 abanokugonywa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokukhuselwa kumasisi.
Abantu abadala abazalwa emva kuka-1986 babeya kuba ne-booster dose ye-MMR ngo-1990 xa babeneminyaka emine ubudala.
Abantu abadala bangadinga ukwenza oku kulandelayo:
- Cinga ukuba uphinde uhlaliswe ngamathamo amabini we-MMR ukuba uthe wagonywa ngeempilisi zangasese ezingenakusebenza phakathi kuka-1963 no-1967.
- Fumana umthamo wesibili we-MMR ukuba uya kuba ngumfundi esikhungweni semfundo esemva kwesekondari okanye emsebenzini kwisibonelelo sezempilo.
Khumbula, ukugonywa kwemasisi kuyindlela ekhuselekileyo kwaye efanelekileyo yokukunceda ukukhusela kumasisi kunye nokukunceda ukukhusela ukuqhuma komasisi.
Iimeko ezizodwa
Kukho iimeko xa kucetyiswa ukuba abantwana bafumane i-MMR shots ngaphambi kwexesha lokunconywa lokugonywa, ikakhulukazi abantwana abaya kuphuma eMelika.
Kuloo bantwana, iZiko loLawulo lokuLawula nokuVimbela (i-CDC) lichaza ukuba ukhuseleko lwe-MMR lunokunikwa iintsana ezincinane ezinyangeni ezintandathu. Abantwana abancinane ubuncinane beenyanga ezili-12 kufuneka bafumane ii-MMR ezimbini, behlukaniswe ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-28 ukuba baya kuhamba ngamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuba iimeko zamasistim eUnited States ziyaqhubeka ziphakama, oku kungaba yinconywa ngokubanzi ngexesha elithile. Umqulu we-CDC woPhengululo lweeNtsholongwane eziNqandekileyo eziVimbayo: "Ukuba kukho iimeko ezininzi kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala, ukugonywa kwemasisi ezincinane ezineminyaka engama-6 ubudala kungenziwa njengendlela yokulawula isifo."
Ngelishwa, abantwana abafumana i-MMR shot ngaphambi kokuba babe neenyanga ezili-12 ubudala baya kufuneka bafumane ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa beneminyaka eli-12 ubudala ukususela kwimiqathango yokuqala kwimiqathango kucatshangelwa ukuba ayisebenzisekanga.
Ngubani ongafanelanga ukufumana i-Vaccinated
Abafazi abakhulelwe kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba obuthathaka akufanele bafumane isitofu sokugonya kuba senziwe ngeentsholongwane eziphilayo, ezithintekayo, ezithetha ukuba iintsholongwane zibuthathaka kwaye azikwazi ukuphila kubantu abanamasosha omzimba omzimba. Kubantu abaxhomekeke kumzimba wabo okhuselweyo, isifo sengculazi sinokuthi somelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba sisinde kwaye sisungulise intsholongwane. Kubabhinqileyo abakhulelweyo, umane nje uqaphele ukulinda de emva kokubeleka ngaphambi kokufumana ukhuselo lwe-MMR.
Ngenxa yezithako ezongezelelweyo zesigxina se-MMR, abantu abanexinzelelo ezinzima kwi-gelatin okanye i-neomycin ye-antibiotics akufanele bafumane isitofu. Abantu ababenomdla obunzima, obesongela ubomi kwi-MMR yokugonywa kwangaphambili akufanele bafumane iphetshana lesibini. Ukuba ugula, xela ugqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba unokuhamba phambili ukufumana isitofu sakho.
Uhambo lwaMazwe ngamazwe
Ungazicwangcisi naziphi na iindwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe ukuba wonke umntu kwintsapho angabikho ngokusesikweni kwiimigomo zabo ze-measles. Uninzi lwamaphakamswa anesantya ekhoyo ngokuqala ngomntu ongatshitshisiweyo ohamba ephuma ezweni ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo yamasisi.
Nangona oko kwakuye kuthetha ukuhamba kwilizwe lesithathu okanye kumazwe asakhulayo, ngoku kukho amazinga aphakamileyo emasisi emazweni amaninzi eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe ashishino. Oku kubangela ukuba kubalulekile ukugonywa kakuhle ngaphambi kokuhamba e-United States, kungakhathaliseki ukuba usapho lwakho luceba ukuya phi.
Ukuvezwa kunye nokuqhekeka
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ubonakaliswe kumasisi okanye ukuba kukho ukuqhuma kwemasisi kummandla wakho, kufuneka wenze oku okulandelayo:
- Hlola ngokuphindwe kabini iirekhodi zokugonya komntwana wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesisindo esifanelekileyo se-MMR.
- Yenza umntwana wakho abanjwe kwiipompo eziphosakeleyo, ingakumbi i-MMR, enokunika ukhuseleko xa ekhulelwe isifo semasisi kwaye akazange agonywe-nangona nje xa efumana i-MMR shot ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-72 zokungcola.
- Hlola kwakhona iirekhodi zakho zokugonya njengoko ungenayo i-booster MMR ukuba uzalwe ngaphambi kowe-1990 xa ufumana i-MMR ye-booster.
- Hlola kwakhona iirekhodi zakho zokugonya ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba ugonywe nge-original ye-measles egxininiswayo ukusuka ngo-1963 ukuya ku-1967, okwakungekho ngempumelelo njenge-MMR entsha kwaye kufuneka iphindwe kwakhona.
- Yilungiselele umntwana ongenakunqunyulwa ukuba ahlukaniswe kwisikolo ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-21 ukuba kukho ukuvuthwa kwemasisi kwaye awufuni ukumfumana umthamo we-post-exposure of the MMR.
Khu seleko
Ukugonya kwe-MMR kuphephile kakhulu. Ipesenti encinci yabantwana iya kufumana ukukhawuleza, umkhuhlane, okanye ukukhukhuma okanye ukuvuvukala apho kuqhutywe khona udonga. Izifo eziphezulu ezibangelwa ukuxinwa ziye zabikwa ngezinye iinkcukacha, kodwa aziqabile kwaye azidibene neengxaki zesikhathi eside. Ukuvuvukala okuhlangene kunokwenzeka kwipesenti encinci yezigulane, ngokuqhelekileyo intsha kunye nabantu abadala.
Autism Fallacy
Ucwaningo olubhaliswe nguDkt. Andrew Wakefield olupapashwe kwiphepha lezonyango lweLancet ngo-1998 luchaphazela ukugonya kwe-MMR njengesizathu se-autism. Ukwesaba okukhulu malunga noku oku kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwinani labantwana abafumana ukugonya kwe-MMR, okwenze ukwanda kwimiba yamasisi, i-mumps, ne-rubella.
I-2009 yeeNkundla zoLwaphulo-zincwadi zeNkundla yezeMpilo zenze isigqibo sokuba uDkt. Wakefield usebenzise idatha yezigulane kwaye isifundo sifunyiwe. Izifundo ezininzi ezicwangciswe kakuhle kwaye zikhulu kakhulu zibonise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba akukho mhlangano phakathi kwe-MMR kunye ne-autism. Ngomhla ka-Februwari 12, 2009, inkundla yenkundla yase-United States inqume ukuba izitofu azenzi i-autism .
Imishukela isifo esinqandekayo. Awukwazi ukucinga ukuba ukugonywa kwabanye ukugonywa kukwanele kukugcina ukhuselekile ukuba awuzange ugonywe ukulwa nesisisi.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). Isahluko 7: Imilinganiselo. Roush SW, Baldy LM, ii-eds. Ku: Incwadana yokuqwalaselwa kwezifo ezikhuselweyo. I-Atlanta, GA: Iziko loLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye nokuKhusela; 2012. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 5, 2018.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). Iimpawu. Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. Ku: I-epidemiology kunye nokukhuselwa kwezifo ezikhuselweyo. 13th. I-Washington DC Isiseko seMpilo kaRhulumente; 2015.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). Izilwanyana, i-Mumps, neRubella (MMR) Ukugonywa: Yiyiphi na umntu omele ayazi. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 2, 2018.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Iphepha leNkcazo yeeMvavanyo. Matshi 2017.