Ukuphazamiseka ebusuku kuyingxaki yokulala ebantwaneni. Kuqikelelo oluthile, ukuya kwi-15% yabantwana abancinci banamaxhala athile. Nangona zixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 neye-6, ziyakwenzeka phantse nayiphi na iminyaka.
Uloyiko lobusuku luvame ukucingwa ukuba luqhelekile okanye luyingozi. Sekunjalo, bahlala bekrakra kwaye bexhalabisa kubazali abaxhalabileyo, ngakumbi ngexesha lobusuku bokuqala bomntwana.
Ukuqhaqhaza izibandezi zasebusuku
Xa uva ukuba zininzi iingcali zichaza ukuphazamiseka kwamabusuku, kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni abazali bebafumanisa. Abantwana abanobungcipheko bobusuku bavame ukuchazwa ngokuthi 'baxhamle' kwaye amehlo abo avulekileyo, ngokukhangela ukwesaba nokwesaba, nokuvumela ukuba 'ukukhawuleza kwegazi'. Ezi zikolo zidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinexabiso lentliziyo elikhawulezayo (iimpawu zokuzimela). Yaye nangona kuya kubonakala ngathi bavukile, ngobusuku bobusuku, abantwana baya kubonakala bedidekile, abayi kukwazi ukuqinisekiswa, kwaye abayi kukwazi.
Izinto eziphazamisayo zobusuku ezidlulileyo malunga nemizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweyesi-30 kwaye emva koko, abantwana bavame ukubuyela ebuthongweni obuqhelekileyo. Ukuba unako ukuvusa umntwana wakho ngethuba lobusuku obunobunzima, mhlawumbi uya kunkwantya kwaye akhathazeke, ngenxa yendlela oziphendulela ngayo ubusuku busuku, ngokukodwa ukuba uyagubha okanye uyamemeza ukuba avuke.
Esikhundleni sokuzama ukuvusa umntwana obusongela ubusuku, ngokuqhelekileyo kungcono ukuba uqiniseke ukuba uyakhuselekile, thuthuzela ukuba unako, kwaye uncede abuyele ekulala xa sele iphelile.
Ubusuku bobusuku bujongene nobusuku obumnyama
Ukuxilongwa kobusuku obusongelayo ngokuqhelekileyo benziwa yimbali yomntwana 'evuka' ekuqaleni kobusuku ekhwaza kwaye enganyaniseki. Ubusongelo obubusuku buvame ukudideka ngeentlungu zobusuku, kodwa ngokungafani nokuphazamiseka kwamabusuku, umntwana ophethe ubusuku obunzima udla ngokukhawuleza kwaye akhuthuzele.
Olunye uxhala kubazali abaninzi kukuba ezi ziqendu zihlobo lokuthatha . Nangona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela, ngokuquka i-lobe yexesha elide kunye ne-front lobe epilepsy, iyakwazi ukufana nokuphazamiseka kwebusuku, zidla ngokufutshane (imizuzwana engama-30 ukuya kwiminitha embalwa) kwaye ziqhelekileyo kubantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala.
UkuPhatha nokuKhusela ukuPhupha ebusuku
Akukho nonyango efunekayo ukuze kuphazamiseke ubusuku busuku. Ekubeni zihlala zibangelwa kubantwana abagqithisileyo, ukubambelela kwixesha elihle lokulala kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ulala ngokwaneleyo kunokuncedisa ukuthintela.
Ingaba umntanakho uvele nje anike u-nap? Ngaba uya kulala emva koko okanye avuke ngaphambili? Ngaba uhamba nohambo lwakho oluqhelekileyo lokulala?
Zizo zonke izinto ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka ebusuku. Idayari yokulala ingakunceda ukuba uqaphele oku okanye enye into.
Kubantwana abafumana ukuphazamiseka ebusuku ebusuku, kunokunceda ukuvusa umntwana wakho ngaphambi kwexesha apho edla ngokugubha ebusuku (ukuvuswa okuhleliweyo). Oku kucatshangelwa ukuphazamisa okanye ukuguqula umjikelo wokulala nokukhusela ukuphazamiseka ebusuku kuvela (kukwasebenza kwakhona ukulala). Xa eshiya ubusuku bobungcipheko ngeveki okanye kunjalo, unokuqala ukumvusa kancinci kuze kube yilapho wonke umntu ekugqibeleni elala ubusuku.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, imithi yokulala ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elifutshane ukuba umntwana wakho uhlaseke kakhulu ebusuku.
Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Ngobusuku Bokuphazamiseka
Ezinye izinto ezaziyo malunga nezingane eziphazamisayo ebusuku ziquka ukuba:
- Uloyiko lobusuku bubizwa ngokuba yizinto zokuphazamiseka zokulala okanye i-nightburn night.
- Ukufana nokulala kunye nokulala, ukuphazamiseka ebusuku kubonwa njengengxaki yokuvusa kwaye kuvuke ngokukhawuleza ekuphumeni kokungabikho kwe-REM. Enyanisweni, abantwana abaninzi abanokwesabisa ebusuku baqhubeka belala xa bekhula. Ukuphazamiseka kwebusuku kunye nokulala kokubili kubonakala kugijima kwiintsapho kwakhona, ngethuba eliphezulu lomntwana onobungozi busuku ukuba ngaba bobabini abazali babenomlando wokulala.
- Ngokungafani nesibongo, abantwana abaqhelekanga ukukhumbula ubusuku bobusuku.
- Ngokungafani neendlobongela, ubungozi busuku buvame ukuqhutyelwa kwinxalenye yokuqala yobusuku, malunga neeyure ezi-1 ukuya kwe-4 emva kokulala.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho ubusuku bobusongelo, qiniseka ukuba ababeleki nabanakekeli bayazi kakuhle kwaye bayazi ukuba kufuneka bayenze ntoni xa kwenzeka.
Kwaye ngokubaluleke kakhulu, gcinani engqondweni ukuba baninzi abantwana abasasazekayo ebusuku xa bekhula.
Imithombo:
Byars, Kelly. Isahluko 34 - Ukuvuswa okucwangcisiweyo: Iprogram yokuziphatha yokuphatha ukulala nokulala kwezingane. Ukunyangwa kweendlela zokuLawula ukulala, ngo-2011, iphepha 325-332
Petit, Dominique Ph.D. Ubuncinane Ubuthongo bokulala, kunye Nezibetho Zokulala: Ixesha elide lokuFundisisa kunye nokuHlaliswa koLuntu. JAMA Pediatr. 2015; 169 (7): 653-658.
I-Thornton BA Yokulala Neengxaki Kwizingane. I-Journal of Pediatrics, Umqulu 147, Issue 3, Septemba 2005, iphepha 388-392