Izithintelo zesondo ezibeka abantu ngabanye ekukhuseleni okanye engozini ingozi
Ukuthatha inengozi yokuziphatha ngesondo kukuyinto abantu abahlala befumana nzima ukuyiqonda, ingakumbi phakathi kwabo babonwa ukuba basengozini enkulu ye-HIV. Ukusuka kwimbono yentlalo, kusekho ukunganyaniseki okukodwa kwimisebenzi ethile yesondo abathi abanye bangayicinga "ukuziphatha okubi" okanye "ityala" (njengobungqingili, isini lesini kunye nomsebenzi wocanshuba kwezohwebo), kwaye ukunyaniseka okuhambelana nale mi sebenzi kuqhuba kuphela ingxoxo ngaphantsi komhlaba.
Oko sikuyaziyo kukuba abantu abenza ingozi yesondo abenzi ngokwabo ngokuzilimaza okanye ukungazi (nangona ezi zinokuthi zenze igalelo ekuziphatheni okunjalo). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ziqhutywa yizinto ezingokwengqondo nezokuziphatha ezikwazisa izigqibo zesondo. Ezi zingabandakanya izinto ezinjengokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo kunye nokuhlawula ingozi yesondo .
Ukuqonda ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo
Ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo (okanye, ngokukhawuleza, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini) kuthetha ukulahleka kwemithintelo ekuziphatheni ngokwesondo kunokuthathwa njengento engavumelekanga okanye engathandekiyo kuluntu, ukubonakalisa ngokungafuneki, ukufunwa kwemvakalelo kunye novavanyo olubi lwengozi.
Nangona ixesha lidla ngokubhekiselele ekuziphatheni ezibonisa ukugula kwengqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, inokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi nakweyiphi indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ebeka umntu kwindawo ekhuselekileyo okanye engadingekile-mhlawumbi ngokwemvelo okanye eyingozi; yokwenzakalisa abanye; umonakalo olwalamano lobuqu okanye lobugcisa; isenzo sobugebengu okanye somthetho; okanye ekuthengeni kwesifo esithathelwana ngesondo.
Ngoxa u-hypersexual (oko kukuthi, isifiso soxhatshazo ngokwezesondo rhoqo okanye iminqweno) inokuba yinto ebalulekileyo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, akukho nto ichanekileyo ngayo. Akunjalo nokuba kuhambelana nokuziphatha okubi, ukuxhatshazwa okanye okuchasene nentlalo (iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zifakwe ngaphakathi kwimeko yeklinikhi yokuchithwa kokuziphatha).
Iimbangela zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo zingabangelwa kwiinkxalabo ezinzulu zempilo kunye neengqondo ezininzi kwiinkalo zengqondo okanye zentlalo-ntle, kuquka:
- Utywala okanye utywala
- Ukungaqondi kakuhle ngomngcipheko womntu
- Ukungaqondisi kakuhle iingcamango zoluntu okanye iinkqubo
- Ukuxinezeleka
- Intlungu engaphaya kwesondo, (kubandakanywa noxinzelelo lwabantwana)
- Intsapho okanye i-dynamic group dynamics (kubandakanywa amanethiwekhi asekuhlaleni, ezentlalontle okanye zesini)
Eli gama lisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimisetyenziswano yoluntu kunye noonxibelelwano, apho umntu enza ngendlela yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo xa umyalezo osheshayo, ukuthumela imiyalezo ("ukuthumela imiyalezo ye- imeyile "), okanye ukuthumela i-intanethi-ngokuziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kwi-intanethi njengokuba ingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi.
Ngokwemeko yentsholongwane kaGawulayo , ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kungasabela ngokuthe ngqo kwintswelo yokwesaba, umsindo, ukudandatheka okanye ukuxhalaba-kwaye kungekhona kuphela kwalabo abanesifo. Abantu abangenayo i-HIV banokuhlala becinga ukuphelelwa lithemba nokuphelelwa yithemba ("Ndiya kuyenza loo nto") okanye amava okukhulelwa kondom (aka ukuphelelwa amandla ukukhathala) ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuyeka ukuziphatha okungenjalo ukukhusela.
Nabo abo baneengqiqo eziqinileyo zokudlulisela i-HIV kunye nokukhusela ngamanye amaxesha kunokuchaphazelwa ngolwazi olungonakalisa ukuziphatha ngokwesini.
Uninzi lwezifundo, umzekelo, ziye zaxela amaconsi amaninzi ekusebenziseni ikhondom emva kokusungulwa kwe-HIV ye-biomedical. Ngamafutshane, abantu baya kuthatha ingozi enkulu xa bekholelwa-okanye bafuna ukukholelwa-ukuba imiphumo okanye umngcipheko we-HIV ngandlela-thile.
Ukuqonda Imbuyekezo Yengozi
Umvuzo wembuyekezo, ngokuchaseneyo, kuthetha ukuba abantu baya kulungelelanisa ukuziphatha kwabo ngokusekelwe kwimiba yabo yengozi. Ibonisa ukuba abantu abakholelwa ukuba babephantsi kwengozi emncinci baya kuthatha amathuba amaninzi nangona ukuba lo vavanyo lukhohlisile okanye alubi.
Kwimeko yentsholongwane kaGawulayo, umrhumo wengozi unokuba nombono wokuthi umntu ungasetyenziselwa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kunokuba ayenako.
Ezi ngcamango zivame ukuhambelana nokuqaliswa kweso sixhobo sokuthintela nge-biomedical ezifana ne- HIV ngaphambi kokutshatyalaliswa kweprophylaxis (PrEP) , unyango lwe-HIV njengokuthintela (iTPP) , okanye ukusoka kwindoda yonyango (VMMC) .
Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa i-VMMC ibonise inzuzo ebonakalayo ekunciphiseni amazinga angama-HIV kubantu abachaphazelekayo, uphando olulandelayo lubonise ukuba ngamanye amaxesha amadoda angalukileyo azibandakanya ukuziphatha kakubi xa bebona umngcipheko wokusuleleka usulelo. Ngokwenza njalo, indoda esandulileyo ingakwazi ukususa iinjongo ze-VMMC ngokubandakanyeka kwimikhwa yobungozi obude ngaphambili.
Ngokufanayo, abantu abakholelwa ngokwabo "bakhuselweyo" ngamakhondom okanye i-TasP inokunciphisa inzuzo ekukhuseleni ukuba balala ngesondo kunye nabalingani abaninzi-ngakumbi ukuba ukusebenzisa iikhondom okanye ukunyanzelana ngonyango kuyahambelani.
Impembelelo yengozi-ngesondo-Ukuthatha ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV
Nangona kucacile ukuba ukuthatha ingozi yezesondo kuya kuthi, ngokwalo, kwandise amathuba okutshintshwa kwe-HIV, isifundo se-2014 sijolise ekuboneni ukuba impembelelo yezo ziphatha kwizinga lezinga le-HIV kwi-Uganda, elinye lamazwe alunzima kakhulu isifo. Uhlalutyo lweemathematika luphelile ukuba ukuba unyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) lunikwa ngexesha losulelo, ukusabalala kwelizwe le-HIV kuya kuncipha ngo-2025 ukuba amanqanaba okuziphatha ngokwesondo angakhuseli.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amanqanaba ayenyuka, inzuzo yendalo yonke ye-ART iya kupheliswa ngokupheleleyo, okubangele ukwanda kwenani labantu abanesifo se-HIV.
Xa kuthethwa oku, kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba ukuqaliswa kwe-ART kunokunxulumana nokunciphisa ukubeka ingozi yesondo kwabanye abantu. Uphononongo olusuka kwi-Johns Hopkins School Bloomberg yezeMpilo kaRhulumente luxelele ukuba abantu abafumana unyango olunyango lwe-HIV kunye nokunyamekela banokukwazi ukuqonda ingozi echaphazelekayo nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo.
Iziphumo ezifanayo zichazwe kwizifundo zokujonga ukutshintshwa kweziphathamandla zesini kubantu abangaxhomekiyo kwi-drug prevention, i- Truvada (eyaziwa ngokuba yi- HIV ngaphambi kokuba i-prophylaxis, okanye i-PrEP ). Ukuphononongwa kwezixhenxe, izilingo eziphezulu eziphakamileyo zisekelwe kwisigqibo sokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-PrEP kumngcipheko umntu akahlanganiswa nokunyuka kwengcinezelo yesondo okanye ukunyuka kwiziganeko zokusuleleka ngesondo.
Imithombo:
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