Imisipha ye-back back is onezidibanisi ezimbini eziphambili zemisipha yokuxhamla umlenze. (Esinye isethi siyi-intrinsic.) Imisipha ye-Extrinsic yangaphakathi kunye ne-intrinsic iqokelelwe ngokweendawo zazo, kunye nomsebenzi wabo.
Zomibini izidumbu zangaphandle kunye nezimpilini zangaphakathi ziyimfuneko ukuze uncedise umlingo ngenxa yokuba ubuninzi bethu bunzima buphambi kwethu. Ngaphandle kwemisipha enamandla engasemuva, siyakwazi ukuhlaselwa kwithuba lokuhamba kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweteksi ininzi ixesha.
Izisipha zangasemva zangaphandle zifumaneka ngaphandle komzimba. Banjalo, bahlula ngamaqela amabini - iintlobo zangasemva zangaphandle kunye nezidumbu zangasemva zangaphandle.
Eli nqaku lichaza ubunqamlezo obunzulu beentsimbi zangaphambili.
Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo, izihlunu zangemva zangaphandle zikunceda ukulawula ukunyakaza kweengalo kwaye zidlala indima ekuphefumla, uphawu oluqingqiweyo lwendlela engqambileyo yintsimbi. (Ukuphefumula kuthinteka kakhulu ngongqimba oluphakathi.)
Imisipha ye-Superficial Extrinsic Group
Iqela elidlulileyo le-muscle elidlulileyo liqulethwe zizihlunu ezine: i-trapezius, latissimus dorsi, i-levator scapula kunye ne-rhomboids.
Trapezius Muscle
Enye yezona zinto ziphawulekayo kwi-trapezius muscle bubume bayo. I-trapezius (ebizwa ngokuba "imigibe" efutshane) yintsimi enkulu enesigxina ephakathi kwendawo yangasemva nangaphezulu, kunye nentamo kunye namagxa.
Le misipha inemisebenzi emininzi, ayikho into encinci ekubandakanyekayo ukuhambisa amahlombe emigxalaba (ezi zizitrafti - nazo zenziwe ngamathambo angama-triangular ahlala emva kwe-ribcage.) Ezinye imisebenzi ze-trapezius zibandakanya inxaxheba entloko nasentanyeni kunye nokuncedisa ukuphefumla.
I-trapezius muscle ineengxenye ezi-3: Ephezulu, ephakathi kwaye ephantsi.
Funda ulwazi oluthe ngqo malunga neesayithi eziqhotyoshelweyo kunye nemisebenzi ye- muspezius muscle .
ULatissimus Dorsi
Enye imisipha eyisixathu, i-latissimus dorsi, ngumdlali osisiseko xa usebenzisa iingalo zakho ukuze uthinte umzimba wakho. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi "umsizi womncuba." (I- latissimus dorsi nayo ibizwa ngokuba yi "lats" efutshane.) Iilats zancedisa ukuphefumula, nazo.
Iilingi zithatha ixabiso elihle lendawo kwindawo ephantsi nangemuva. Baqala ngaphantsi kwe-thoracic umgxobhozo kunye nezimbambo, i-thoracolumbar fascia kunye nxalenye yengonyama yakho. Bese befakela kwindawo efanelekileyo ekufaka ngaphakathi kwethambo lesisentla.
Levator Scapula
Umxhasi we-scapula muscle uqala entanyeni aze ahambe aye kumnxeba kwikhonkco labezindaba phezulu kwecala lehlombe. Umsebenzi wayo ukuphakamisa umgca wecala ukuya kwiindlebe. Le nyathelo ngeliso isoloko "kwi" yethu ininzi, enokubangela ininzi yentamo kunye nexinzelelo.
Rhomboids
Izisipha ze-rhomboid zimbini ze-parallelogram ezibunjiweyo (i-kwesobunxele nekhohlo) esukela kwinqanaba lomgudu ukuya kumda wangaphakathi we-scapula (ithambo lesangqa lesifuba.)
I-rhomboid nganye iqukethe inxalenye enkulu nencinci, ekuthiwa, ngokulandelanayo ye-rhomboid enkulu kunye ne-rhomboid encinci.
Nangona izakhiwo ezibini ezihlukeneyo, ezinkulu kunye nezincinci zenza isimo esisodwa ngokubanzi kwaye zisebenze njengeyunithi ukuba zifake iintlobo zamagxa.
Ngenxa yesenzo salo (sokubetha iifeni zamagxa), ukujolisa kwi-rhomboids yokuqhuba umsebenzi wokuphucula ukuhamba kwithuba kunokuba yinto efanelekileyo. Isenzo sokucinywa kwamagxa emagxeni kunye (ukuya emthonjeni) kunokunceda ukuguqula imiphumo yokuhlala kwikhompyutheni kunye / okanye ezinye iimeko zengxowankulu. Enyanisweni, kukho umzimba ophezulu wokuzivocavoca onokufuna ukuzama ngoku ngoku.
Imithombo:
Kendall, F., McCreary, E. Izibonelelo, P. Imisipha: Uvavanyo kunye neMisebenzi. 4 edition. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore, MD. 1993.
UMorey, uK., uDalley, A. I-Anatomy ye-Clinically Oriented. Isihlanu. Uhlobo. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 2006. Baltimore. Philadelphia, PA.