Xa izakhiwo zihlala zigula
Igama elithi "syndrome yesigulo sokugula" liyingozi. Emva koko, akusiyo isakhiwo esigulayo, kodwa kunabantu abahlala beziva begula ngenxa yesakhiwo.
Ngokumalunga ne-SBS, kukho imibuzo engaphezulu kuneempendulo. Kunzima ukuvavanya i-SBS kwiimvavanyo. Okokuqala, iziphumo zomzimba ze-SBS zihluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu kwaye zizithoba.
Okwesibini, kunzima ukugawula imbangela ye-SBS-yamanzi, ukukhutshwa kwamakhemikhali, kunye nokungena ngokwaneleyo kokungena kwamanzi. Okwesithathu, akukho ndlela evunyelwene ngayo yokufumana "isifo" isakhiwo. Okwesine, izakhiwo ngokwazo, ngokwemvelo, iindawo ezingalawulwayo ezinzima kwaye zindleko ukuvavanya kwinani elikhulu.
Iimpawu
Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ze-mucosal, isikhumba, kunye nokuphefumula ziye zabikwa nge-SBS, kubandakanywa oku kulandelayo:
- Amehlo kunye namanzi amanzi
- Impumlo enemifinya
- Ikhumba elomileyo nelinen
- Stuffy ekhaleni
- Usulelo lweSinus
- Utywala
- Intloko (ukungcola, ukungaboni, ukungaxhasi, "uxinzelelo" entloko)
- I sizathu
- Ukukhathala
- Iingxaki ngokugxininisa
- Isiqhamo
Lezi zimpawu zenzeka xa umntu esesakhiweni esonakele, kwaye xa eshiya, ezininzi iimpawu kufuneka zikhuphe, kuphela ukuqala kwakhona xa umntu ebuyela kwisakhiwo. Izakhiwo ezenza i-SBS zibandakanya indawo yokuhlala, izikolo, izibhedlele, amakhaya okunyamekela kunye namakhaya.
Nangona abantu ababini abonakaliswe kwisakhiwo esifanayo banokufumana iimpawu ezahlukileyo, uphando lubonise iipatheni zohlobo phakathi kwabaphenduli abamele amazwe ahlukeneyo.
Ngokucacileyo, amakhaya njengesizathu esibangeleyo SBS sele ifundiswe eSweden. Ngokukodwa, abaphandi baseSweden bagxininise umonakalo wamanzi kunye nomoya wokungena umoya njengama-precipitators. Ukongezelela, izifundo zesiSweden ziye zatsho ngokukhawulelana kwendlu njengokuba kunokuba negalelo kwi-syndrome yesakhiwo sokugula.
Nazi izinto ezinxulumene ne-SBS:
- Umsi wecuba
- Uthuli lwephepha
- Uthuli lomsebenzi
- Ukuboniswa kwesikrini sekhompyutha
- Into yokufaka umoya endlini
- I-cool air-air venture kwizakhiwo zomoya
- Ukulawula okulula ukukhanya nokushisa
- Iindawo ezifudumeleyo (ngaphezulu kwama-73 degrees Fahrenheit)
- Ukunakekelwa kweenkonzo ezingekho phantsi kwesakhiwo
- Umonakalo wamanzi
- Ukufakwa
- Indawo ezingcolileyo
Uphando lubonisa ukuba abasetyhini, ababhemayo, kunye nabo abaneengxaki zokuhamba (ie, i-atopy) banako ukufumana ama-SBS. Abantu abanezikhundla ezithembekileyo kwiindawo eziphezulu zokusebenza kwiofisi nabo banako ukufumana ama-SBS. Ingqalelo, abantu abanezikhundla ezigqithiseleyo kwiofisi badla ixesha elide behleli phambi kweekhomputer.
Abantu abakhalaza nge-SBS bavame ukusebenza kwiiofisi ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ekhoyo yokuyila, ukushisa, ukuphuphuma umoya kunye nokukhanyisa. Kwiyona nto ininzi, izakhiwo zomoya ezinomlinganiselo obushushu obuncinane ziboniswe ukuba zinabantu abambalwa abahlala bekhalaza ngeSBS.
Imibutho yezeMpilo kunye noKhuseleko (Occupational Health and Organisations) i-OSHA iyaqaphela isifo sokwakhiwa kwezigulane njengesigxina sekhwalithi yomoya engaphakathi.
I- Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo (i-EPA) ichaza i-SBS njengale ilandelayo:
Igama elithi "syndrome yesakhiwo sokugula" (SBS) lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza imeko apho abahlali bakhayo bafumana khona imiphumo yempilo kunye nenduduzo ebonakala ngathi idibene nexesha elichithwa kwisakhiwo, kodwa akukho sigulo esithile okanye isizathu esibonakalayo. Izikhalazo zingenziwa kwindawo ethile okanye kwindawo ethile, okanye isasazeka kulo lonke isakhiwo.
Ngowe-1984, i-WHO iqikelele ukuba ihlabathi ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini kwezakhiwo zezakhiwo ezintsha kunye nezilungiswayo zingaba nobunzima bomgangatho wangaphakathi obunobuncwane obufaka isandla kwi-SBS. Ingxaki ngekhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi ingaba yesikhashana okanye ixesha elide. Ubunzima bomgangatho wangaphakathi lwangaphakathi bunokubakho okwesibini kwindlela yokuyila eyakhayo okanye imisebenzi yabemi. Ukongezelela, xa isakhiwo sisetyenziswe ngendlela ephikisana neyayilwa yendalo-mzekelo, iyunithi yokuthengiswa esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa-ngoko iimeko ezinokubakho umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi.
Uthotho
Uthotho luye lwaxilongwa njengengenelelo elikhulu kwiSBS. Kwiindawo ezifudumalayo, ubuninzi bomhlaba wangaphakathi bunxulumene ne-SBS.
Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwabaxumi kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ezinamanzi uye kwadibaniswa neSBS. E-Scandinavia, apho umswakama ungaphinda ungaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 kwiinyanga zasebusika, kukho ubungqina bokuthi ukusebenzisa i-humidifier kunokudibaniswa nokuhla kwe-SBS. Ngaloo ndlela, kubonakala ngathi kwimihlaba enomlinganiselo wokungcola, abahlali bahlala bekhalaza ngaphantsi kweSBS.
Ezinye iingcaphephe zixhomekeka ukuba iiyunithi zokumelana nomoya eziqulethe i-humidifiers ziyakwazi ukukhonza njengezixhobo zokukhula kwe-microbial. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinqanawa ezisekuhlaleni, ezidonsa amanzi emoyeni, ziye zabandakanyeka ekukhuleni kwamancinci. Ngaphezu koko, iiyunithi zomoya-moya ezihlala zihlala zihlala kwindawo engaphezulu kwendawo ye-ofisi apho ukugcinwa kunzima-kunobangela obuncipheko kumngcipheko we-SBS wesibini ukukhula kwezinto ezincinci.
Nangona kunjalo, ingcamango yokuba ibhaktheriya okanye isikhunta sinokuthi zenze igalelo kwiSBS. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukubunjwa kungabangela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kuphela kubantu abaneenkqubo ezikhuselweyo zokuzivikela. Kubantu abanempilo enjalo, isikhunta asiyi kubangela ukugula.
Kwinqaku le-2017 elibizwa ngokuthi "iMold kunye neMpilo Yomntu: Ukujonga Kwemvelo," Ababhinki kunye nabalobi babambisene babhala ukuba "akukho bungqina bobunzululwazi bokuthi ukungabonakali kwimbumba emnyama ebonakalayo kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo kunokukhokelela kwimpawu ezingabonakaliyo nezizimeleyo zokulahleka kweememori , ukungakwazi ukugxila, ukukhathala, kunye neentloko. "
Kwesinye isifundo se-2017, abaphandi baseSweden bafumanisa ukuba ama-40 ekhulwini amakhaya angabodwa-nentsapho awonakalisa amanzi kwisiseko, edibene ne-SBS. Ngaphezu koko, iipesenti ezingama-23 zabaphendululwazi abaphendule babonisa iimpawu zeSBS zamva nje.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abaphandi baseSweden bafumanisa ukuba izakhiwo ezinexabiso eliphantsi lokufudumala kwe-thermal-okanye izakhiwo ezisebenzisekayo-zinabantu abambalwa abahlala bekhalaza ngeempawu ze-SBS. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuphakanyisiwe ukuba izakhiwo ezomeleleyo zamandla ziza kubangela ubunzulu bomgangatho wangaphakathi.
Ukuphuphuma umoya
Iingcali ezininzi zilahla i-SBS kumgangatho ongaswelekanga womoya wangaphakathi kunye nokungenakwanela kwamanzi.
Phakathi kowe-1900 no-1950, imigangatho yokuphuphuma umoya kwizakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cubic foot feet zangaphandle kwindlwana ezinikezelwa kwisakhiwo ngasinye. Le nqanaba eliphezulu lokuphucula umoya lalifunekayo ukususa iphunga lomzimba kunye nevumba elimnandi.
Ekupheleni kwe-1973 i-oil embargo, amanyathelo okulondolozwa kwamandla athatyathwa, kwaye ukugcina amandla, i-5 cubic feet kuphela ngaphandle kwomoya ngomzuzu ngamnye kwisakhiwo esicetywayo. Kucatshulwa ukuba la manqanaba okuphungula amafutha ayengasempilo kwaye abahlali bengahlali kakuhle. Le ngxaki yahlanganiswa yinkqubo yokufudumala emoyeni kunye nokufudumala, okwahluleka ukuhambisa umoya omtsha kubantu abangaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezisebenzayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingcali ziye zaphinda zincoma ukuba amazinga aphakamileyo omoya emoyeni anikezelwe kubahlali bakha. Ngokomzekelo, abahlali beofisi kufuneka bafumane ubuncinci beenyawo ezingama-cubic 20 zangaphandle ngaphandle komzuzu ngomntu ngamnye. Ukongezelela, iinyawo ezili-15 ngeyure ngomzuzu wokungenisa umoya zibhekwa ubuncinci kuzo zonke izakhiwo, ngeemeko ezithile, njengendawo yokutshaya ngaphakathi, idinga ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-60 ngeyure.
Kucatshulwa ukuba amazinga aphezulu okuphuphuma umoya anganciphisa ingozi kwiimpawu ze-SBS. Iziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo lophando le ngongoma, nangona kunjalo, zixutywe. Olunye uphando lubonisile ukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo okunciphisa umoya kuyanciphisa iimpawu ze-SBS phakathi kwabasebenzi be-ofisi, kunye nezinye izifundo azibonanga utshintsho.
Enye ingxaki ngemizamo emininzi yangaphambilini ehlolisisa umphumo wokwanda kwamanzi kwi-SBS ukuxhaphaka kukuba ezi zifundo zisebenzisa ii-unit-conditioning units ezikhoyo kwizakhiwo ukunyusa umoya. Iiyunithi zomoya-moya zingangcoliswa kwaye zidibanise iziphumo.
Uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba malunga nesiqingatha somoya kwisakhiwo kufuneka sitshintshwe ngeyure ukwenzela ukunciphisa iimpawu zeSBS. Ukongezelela, iiyunithi zokungenisa umoya kufuneka zigcinwe rhoqo kwaye zinciphise iindidi zengcinezelo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela ukungcola okungonakalisayo ukungena kwisakhiwo.
Unyango
Isifo sesakhiwo sokugula asiqatshelwa ngokwasemthethweni njengophawu oluxhomekeke kubungqina; ngenxa yoko, akukho bungqina bonyango olusisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, yaziwa njengemeko ye-OSHA, i-EPA, kunye neminye imibutho. Ukongezelela, i-NHS, okanye inkqubo yezempilo yeSizwe e-United Kingdom, yenza iziphakamiso ezithile malunga nendlela yokujongana nesifo sokwakha izifo.
Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso ezenziwe yimibutho eyahlukeneyo malunga neSBS:
- Lawula amazinga okushisa kunye namanzi.
- Hlola ukucoceka kwesakhiwo.
- Khangela ukuba izinto zokucoca zikhuselekile kwaye zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo.
- Hlola yonke i-humidifiers emoyeni, izihlungi zomoya, kunye neendonga zokupholisa.
- Vula iifestile ukuqinisekisa ukuphuphuma umoya.
- Thatha ikhefu rhoqo.
- Phuma ngaphandle kwaye uhamba ngeenxa yokuphumla.
- Gcina ukuhamba kakuhle emsebenzini.
Uphiko olulodwa olubonakalayo lwe-syndrome yesakhiwo sokugula kukuphepha isakhiwo esonakele ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abantu bafuna imisebenzi yabo-kunye nemibhede yabo-esi sixazululo sisoloko singenakwenzeka.
ILizwi
Nangona ubukho be-syndrome yesakhiwo sokugula buhlala buba ngumbuzo, abantu banelungelo lokukhalaza ngokungahambi kakuhle kunye nezibonakaliso ezinzima ukuyihoxisa into yokuba into eqhubekayo.
Okwangoku, ngenxa yokuba asiyazi kakuhle oko kubangela isifo sokwakha isigulo, kunzima ukulungisa ingxaki. Iingcali ezininzi zibhekisela kumoya wokuphuphuma umoya njengesizathu; Ngaloo ndlela, yinto efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izakhiwo zanele ngokomoya. Ukongezelela, ukuhlanjululwa kwamathuba okunokwenzeka kuthatha indima, kwaye iindawo ezingafanelekanga zingabi nambuzi okanye zome. Ukongezelela, ukuba uhlala kwindawo epholileyo, kuyona nto ingcono ukuphepha ukusebenzisa i-humidifier.
Amagqirha amaninzi akhupha isifo sengqondo sokugula njengesikhalazo esincinci. Isifo sobungozi abagulayo sithathwa njenge-pseudodiagnosis, ngeempawu ezingenasiphelo kwaye kungekho mqondiso okanye iimpawu zokuzimela.
Ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-20 ekhulwini abahlali bezakhiwo bafumana iimpawu ze-SBS, isakhiwo sibhalwe "isakhiwo esilugulayo." Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba usebenza kwisakhiwo esilugulayo, kuyilungileyo ukuthetha nabanye abantu ukuba babone ukuba bafumana iimpawu , naye. Ukongezelela, cwangcisa iingxaki zakho (oko kukuthi, thabatha imifanekiso yomonakalo wamanzi kunye neendawo ezingcolileyo) kunye nokuphathwa kwendlela. Ngenxa yokuba izakhiwo ezigulayo zihlala zikhokelela kwikhowudi, ulawulo luyakunqumla le nkxalabo. Kule meko, inokuba yinto efanelekileyo yokuqhagamshelana ne-OSHA okanye i-EPA ukuphanda uphando lwe-air.
Ukongezelela ukubiza ingqalelo kwingxaki, kuyilungileyo ukuzikhusela xa usebenza kwisakhiwo esilugulayo. Ukuze unciphise iimpawu, kufuneka uzame ukufumana umoya omnandi kwaye wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukugcina indawo ecocekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha leskrini, edibene ne-SBS. Ngenxa yokuba kukho ukuxhaphaka okukhulu phakathi kwesifo sokugula kunye nesifo sokwakhiwa kwezigulane, mhlawumbi into efanelekileyo yokwenza i-aphoyintimenti yokubona i-allergen ukuze ihlole.
> Imithombo:
> Borchers, AT, Chang, C, Gershwin, EM. Ubumbano kunye neMpilo Yomntu: I-Check Real. Iiklinikhi Rev Allerg Immunol. 2017; 52: 305-322.
> Burge, PS. Sick Building Syndrome. I-Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2004; 61: 185-190.
> EPA. Iinkcukacha ze-Air Indoor No. 4 (ehlaziyiweyo) Isifo soKhuseleko lweSick. www. epa.gov.
> I-NHS Iinqununu. Sick Building Syndrome. www.nhs.uk.
> Smedje, G, et al. Iimpawu ze-SBS ngokumalunga nokudambisa kunye nomoya wokungena umoya kwiindawo zentsapho ezinye zenziwa kwiSweden. IiNgcaciso zoLondolozo lwaMazwe ngamazwe eMpilo kunye neZempilo zendalo. NgoJuni 17, 2017.