Ingqwalasela ye-Eye Anatomy
Iliso lomntu lilungu elibona ukukhanya kwaye lithumela umqondiso kwi-nertic optic kwi-brain. Mhlawumbi enye yezitho ezinzima kakhulu zomzimba, iliso lenziwe ngamalungu amaninzi. Yaye nganye inxalenye igalelo ekuboneni kwakho.
> Jonga i-anatomy yelihlo.
Kornea
I-cornea i-transparent, isakhiwo esifana nesidome engaphambili kweso. Inika iso kwimbini yesithathu yokugxininisa okanye ukuphazamisa amandla.
Ingxenye yesithathu ikhiqizwa yilensi yekristallini yangaphakathi. Ngokufana ne-lens yekhamera, i-cornea inceda ukugxila ekukhanyeni kweza kwi-retina.
I-cornea ibuye izele iingxaki ezisiqaphelisa ukucaphukisa okungasimaza umbono wethu kunye nempilo yeso. Kwaye i-cornea iyakwazi ukulimala. Ukuba ukhangela iliso lakho, ngokwenene ukrolile i-cornea yakho. Amancinci amancinci avame ukuphulukisa ngokwawo, kodwa ukulimala kancinci kungabangela intlungu kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo.
I-scarne corneal inokubangela ihaze kwi-cornea ephazamisa umbono wakho. Ukuba ukhangela iso lakho, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha weziliso. Ugqirha wamehlo unokujonga i-cornea phantsi kwesibane sokukhanya kwesibane.
Umfundi
Umfundi ngumngcipheko okanye ukuvulwa okukuko phakathi kwe-iris kweso. Umfundi ulawula ukukhanya okungena kwilihlo. Ubukhulu bomfundi bulawulwa yi dilator kunye nemisipha ye-iris.
Umsebenzi womfundi ufana kakhulu nombono wekhamera ovumela ukukhanya okungakumbi kwiindawo ezininzi. Ebusuku, abafundi bethu bahlaziya ukuvumela ukukhanya ngakumbi ukuze kwandiswe umbono wethu.
Kubantu, umfundi ujikeleze. Ezinye izilwanyana zinamaqela atyunjiweyo ngokugqithiseleyo xa abanye bebafundi abaqhelanisiweyo. Abafundi babonakale bamnyama kuba ukukhanya okungena kwijiso kuninzi kubangelwa zizicubu ngaphakathi kweso.
Iris
Iris yinxalenye enemibala yelihlo elilawula isixa sokukhanya esangena kwiso. Yona nxalenye ebonakalayo yiso. Ilala phambi kwe-crystalline lens kwaye ihlukanisa ikamelo langaphakathi ukusuka kwigumbi elingasemva.
Iris inxalenye yecandelo le-uveal-uluhlu oluphakathi lwesalathiso kwiso. I-tract yecalary ibandakanya umzimba we-ciliary, isakhiwo kwiso elikhupha i-liquid ecacileyo ebizwa ngokuthi i-humorous humor.
Umbala we-Iris uxhomekeke kwisixa se- melanin pigment kwi-iris. Umntu onamehlo aluhlaza unombala ofanayo we-melanin pigment ukuba umntu onamehlo aluhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, umntu onamaqabunga obomvu unemibala engaphantsi.
I-Crystalline Lens
I-crystalline lens isakhiwo esicacileyo kwi-eye-suspended immediately emva kwe-iris-ezisa imida yokukhanya ukugxila kwi-retina.
Iimfudu ezincinci ezixhomekeke kwilensi zingenza ukuba utshintshe isimo esivumela iso ukuba ligxile kwizinto ezikufuphi okanye ezikude.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-lens ilahlekelwa yintsebenziswano yayo. Oku kubangela ukuba iliso lilahle ezinye zekhono layo lokugxila kwizinto ezikufuphi. Le meko yaziwa ngokuba yi-presbyopia kwaye iveza iingxaki ngokufunda, malunga neminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
I- cataract i-clouding ye-lens kwaye iyinto eqhelekileyo ezayo kunye nokuguga. Ngethamsanqa, i-cataracts ikhula kancane yaye ingasichaphazeli umbono wakho iminyaka emininzi. Xa uneminyaka engama-65, ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-90 zabantu bane-cataract. Ukwelashwa kweCataract kubandakanya ukususa i-lens efumfwini kunye nokuyifakela nge-lens intraocular.
Uhlobo oluhle
I-humor i-humor iyicacile, amanzi amanzi afumane emva kwe-cornea. Inceda ukuzisa izondlo kwiisisindo zamehlo. Yakhiwa emva kwentsholongwane kwaye iphele phambili phambi kweso ukugcina uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwiso. Iingxaki nge-fluquide edibeneyo zingakhokelela kwimibandela ebandakanya uxinzelelo lwamehlo, njenge glaucoma .
Vitreous Humor
I-vitreous humor, ephikisana ne-retina, yenza inxalenye enkulu yelihlo. Yinto efana ne-jelly egcwalisa ngaphakathi kweso. Yenziwe ngokubanzi ngamanzi, i-vitreous fluid inikeza iliso ukuma kwayo. Yenziwe ngamanzi, i-collagen, kunye neeprotheni kwaye iqulethe iiseli ezikunceda ukugcina icacile.
Njengoko sibudala, i-vitreous humor iyaqina. Olu tshintsha ngezinye izikhathi lubangela ukuba ludonse kwi-retina. Ukuba amandla okudonsa ayomelela ngokwaneleyo, i-vitreous humor ingabelana ngokwenene kwi-retina. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- postrecratic clock , njengokuba ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngasemva (emva kwesithuba) kweso.
Retina
Ifumane ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kweso, i-retina yindawo engabonakaliyo ebonakalayo ngasemva kweso apho i-lens igxile kwimifanekiso phezu kwayo, ukwenza umbono ubonakale. I-retina yenziwe ngamacwecwe angama-10 amancinci. Kule miqolo iindonga kunye namaconsi asetyenziswa ukufumana umbala.
I-retina ifumba kakhulu. I- retina ehlangene iyenzeka xa i-retina ihlukaniswe kwezinye izakhiwo zeso.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngexesha lemidlalo yokudibanisa okanye ngenxa yesifo. I-retinal detachment yingozi enkulu eyenza ukuba ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza yinkonzo yokunakekelwa kwamehlo.
Sclera
I-sclera yeso ijwayelwe kangcono ngokuthi "umhlophe welihlo." Ngethuba singabona kuphela inxalenye ebonakalayo ye-sclera, iyayiphawula yonke iliso. Ingxowa ekhuni equkethe ukusebenza kwangaphakathi okwenza umbono ubonakale. Kwakhona kugcina ijoni kumlo ojikeleziweyo.
I-Scleritis yukuvuvukala kwe-sclera. Ingabangela intlungu yesohlo, ubomvu, kunye nokulahleka kombono kwabanye abantu. Inokuthi idibaniswe nexinzelelo okanye isifo-ngaphezulu kwesigamu seemeko ze-scleritis zidibene nesifo sesistim.
> Imithombo:
> Amehlo Akho Asebenza Kanjani? Kwiwebhusayithi yeSizwe yeSizwe Yamehlo
> Iliso. IYunivesithi yaseMichigan yaseKellogg yeZiko leZiko lewebhu.