Ukuba umntu wakho othandekayo uye wangeniswa kwiyunithi yokunyamekela kakhulu esibhedlele, oku kuthetha ukuba ukugula kwakhe kunzulu ngokwaneleyo ukufuna isantya esinyamekileyo sokubeka iliso kwizonyango kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokunonyango. Iyunithi yonyango enzulu (i-ICU) inokuthi iphinde ihanjiswe njengeyunithi yokunyamekela okanye i-ward yokukhathalela.
Umthandana wakho unokuthi ahlale engazinzile, oku kuthetha ukuba imeko yakhe ingatshintshwa ngokungalindelekanga kwaye inokuba yingozi ngakumbi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abagula kakhulu bafuna ukuhlala kwi-ICU ixesha elifutshane, kude kube nokugula kwabo kugxininise ngokwaneleyo ukuthunyelwa kwiwadi yesibhedlele rhoqo. Okwangoku, unokufuna ukwazi ukuba ulindele ntoni xa umthandayo egcinwa kwi-ICU. Ungaphinda ufuna ukwazi phantsi kweziphi iimeko omele ulindele ukuba umthandwa wakho uya kuhlala esomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba akhululwe kwi-ICU aze avunyelwe kwiwadi yesibhedlele.
Iintlobo zeeNyunithi zoKhathalelo ezinzulu
I-ICU yinxalenye yesibhedlele apho izigulane zithotyelwa ukujonga iliso kunye nokunyamekela. Ezinye izibhedlele nazo zi-ICU ezikhethekileyo kwiintlobo ezithile zezigulane:
- I-neonatal ICU (i-NICU): Nenyamekela iintsana ezincinci okanye ezingaphambi kwexesha
- Iintsana (I-PICU): Kubantwana abafuna unonophelo olunzulu
- I-ICU ye-neurological : Unonophelo oluthile lwezigulane ezingaqiniseki ngegazi
- Iyunithi yokunyamekela kwe-ardiac (CCU) : Unakekele izigulane ezinengxaki ezinzulu okanye ezingenakuzinza zentliziyo
- ICU yokugada (i-SICU): Unakekele izigulane ezibuyiselwa kwi-operesheni
Kutheni Kuthiwa Abanye Abantu Bavunyelwe?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukileyo eziqinisekisa ukuba ukungeniswa kwi-ICU, kwaye wakho umthandayo unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi meko:
- Ukungaqiniseki ngokomzimba: Izigulane ezingenakulinganiswa nemithi ezifuna ukuvavanya okufutshane kunye nokulungiswa rhoqo kwonyango lwamayeza zivame ukuvunyelwa kwi-ICU kuba kuyimimiselo efanelekileyo ukujonga esondeleyo nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
- Kudinga inkxaso yokuphefumula: Ezinye izigulane kufuneka zivunyelwe kwi-ICU kuba azikwazi ukuphefumula zodwa kwaye zidinga inkxaso yokuphefumula ngomshini, njengesiphothi, ukuqhubeka nokuphefumla. Amagumbi amaninzi esibhedlele akakwazi ukuxhasa ukunakekelwa kwesigulane esiphezulu kwenkxaso yokuphefumula. Intubation ukubeka ifowuni yokuphefumula yokuxhasa ukuphefumula. Ukususa inkxaso yokuphefumula, okuyiyo yokuphucula, eyenzekayo xa isigulane sikwazi ukuphefumula ngokuzimela.
- Inqanaba eliphantsi lokuqonda: Ukuba umhlobo wakho engakwazi, engaphenduliyo okanye e- coma , unokufuna unonophelo kwi-ICU, ingakumbi ukuba kulindeleke ukuba aphuculwe. Abantu abangenalwazi bangakwazi ukunyamezela ukulimala kwengqondo okanye iingxaki ezinkulu zezokwelapha, ezifuna ukunakekelwa okufutshane ukuze kulungiswe amathuba okubuyiswa.
Uluhlu loKhathalelo olongezelelweyo olunikeziwe
I-ICU ivumela ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo, njengogqirha, abahlengikazi, abancedisi abahlengikazi, ootitshala kunye neengcali, ukubonelela ngenqanaba lokunyamekela ukuba abanako ukubonelela kwenye indawo:
- Ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kunye nemiqondiso ebalulekileyo: Nangona kwi-ICU, izigulane zijongwa rhoqo kunokuba zikwazi ukuhlala kwisibhedlele esihlala esibhedlele. Izimpawu zeVital, ezifana nentlawulo yenhliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye neqondo lokuphefumula, kunye neeparitha ezifana ne-oksijini kunye nezinga le-carbon dioxide, lingagcinwa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nezixhobo zecomputer ezimiselwe ukubeka iliso ngamaxesha onke. Kwaye, ngaphezu kohlolo oluqhubekayo, oongikazi nabo banokuzijonga ngokuzenzekelayo iimpawu ezibalulekileyo rhoqo kwiyunithi yonyango olunzulu kunokuba babeya kwiwadi yesibhedlele rhoqo.
- Ubungakanani beendawo ezibonakalisa ixabiso lophawu olubalulekileyo: Nangona umhlobo wakho eqhubeka esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokufunda kwezinga lentliziyo kuya kubonakala kwiidivaysi zedijithali eduze kwebhedi. Ukongeza, ii-ICU ezininzi zixhotyiswe nezikrini eziphambili ezibonisa izigulane ezibalulekileyo ngaphandle kwegumbi. Oku kuvumela abahlengikazi ukuba bafunde iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zezigulane nangona zingekho kwizigulane zezigulane, kwaye bazi ukuba utshintsho olubalulekileyo ngokukhawuleza.
- Vala ukuhlengahlengiswa kwamanzi, i-electrolytes, kunye nemichiza: Ukongeza kwenkqubo yokubeka esweni esinyango, i-ICU isilungiselelo apho izigulane zikwazi ukufumana ukucwangciswa okucwangcisiweyo okucwangcisiweyo okubalulekileyo, njengama-fluid intravenous kunye ne-electrolytes ezifana ne-sodium, i-potassium , i-calcium, ne-magnesium. Inani lamachiza enamandla linokuvelisa iimiphumo ezingalindelekanga ezifuna impendulo ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zonyango zikhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ICU setting.
- Unokuba neenkqubo ezithile : Iinkqubo ezithile ezinokwenziwa kwisigulane sesigulane azifanelekanga kwiwadi yesibhedlele rhoqo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abane- ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt bangadinga ukungenelela kwamanye amanyathelo afuna indawo engummango ukukhusela usulelo, kodwa akufuneki ukuba kwenziwe kwindlu yokusebenza. Ezi ntlobo zenkqubo zingenziwa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ICU ngelixa ziphepha ukuhamba nokuphazamisa isigulane.
- Amagumbi avulekileyo: Amagumbi ase-ICU avaliwe avaliwe. Nangona kukho ikhethini kubucala, izigulane zibonakala zize zifikeleleke kumongikazi noogqirha abasebenza kwiyunithi yokunyamekela. Oku kuvumela abasebenzi bezempilo ukuba bahlale bejonge izigulane kwaye bakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunoma yiyiphi ingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
- Izigulana ezimbalwa ngabahlengikazi: Ngokubanzi, ii-ICU zisebenza ngabahlengikazi abaninzi ngesigulane kunokuba iwadi yesibhedlele rhoqo. Oku kuvumela ukuba ngamnye umongikazi alondoloze iingqalelo ezininzi zezigulane ezininzi kunye nokutshintsha iinkcukacha zezokwelapha kunye nokulawula ezininzi iindlela zokhathalela izigulane.
- Abahlengikazi abanokuqeqeshwa kwama-ICU namava: Ngokuqhelekileyo, abahlengikazi kunye nabancedisi abahlengikazi abasebenzisa i-ICU banokuqeqeshwa okukhethekileyo namava ekunyamekeleni izigulane ze-ICU. Ngamanye amaxesha, oongikazi banokwimeko yokunyamekela izigulane kwii-ICU ezizodwa ezifana neCCU okanye iPICU. Kwiminye i-ICU, umongikazi oyintloko ojongene nokunyamekela kwe-ICU uphawula ukhathalelo lomguli.
- Ingaba noogqirha be-ICU abazikhethekileyo: ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha abaqeqeshelwa ngokukodwa kwi-ICU ukunakekelwa nabo basebenzela i-ICU. Oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwisibhedlele ngasinye nesimo. Umzekelo, ukuba umthandayo unesimo esibi sentliziyo efuna ukuhlala kwiCCU, unokunyamekelwa ngugqirha onyamekela izigulane ngelixa e-CCU ade aqhube kwisibhedlele esihlala esibhedlele, apho omnye ugqirha uya kubakhathalela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezinye izibhedlele, ugqirha ofanayo onyamekela isigulane kwiCCU uyaqhubeka enyamekela isigulane kwaye uphathe imeko yonyango nangona emva kokuba isiguli sigxininise kwaye sidluliselwa kwisibhedlele esihlala esibhedlele. Kwaye ezinye izibhedlele zinenkqubo edibanisa iindlela zombini.
Uthintelo olungakumbi lwabatyeleli
Ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, iindwendwe zithintela ngakumbi kwi-ICU kunegumbi lokuhlala esibhedlele. Ezinye zezi zizathu zibandakanya:
- Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kosulelo
- Ukugcina uxolo kwezinye izigulane ngenxa yokuba bengenasese kwi-ICU
- Ukuvumela umthandayo ukuba aphumle aze abuyele
- Isikhundla esincinane kwi-ICU
- Vumela abasebenzi ukuba bajonge rhoqo kwizigulane-abasebenzi basezibhedlele banakho ukulibaziseka imithi okanye ukubeka iliso kwihafu yesure okanye ukwenzela ukuba iindwendwe zishiye kumgangatho oqhelekileyo, kodwa ayikwazi ukwenza njalo kwi-ICU.
Uyakuthanda nini Umthandwa Wakho?
Umthandayo uya kuphucula ngokwaneleyo ukukhutshwa kwi-ICU. Ezinye izibhedlele zineyunithi ehamba phambili, enika inqanaba eliphakathi lokunyamekela elincinci kune-ICU ngelixa linikezela ngononophelo olusondeleyo kuneyunithi eqhelekileyo. Iimpawu zokukhutshwa kwi-ICU zibandakanya ukugqithisa, ukuzinza kweempawu ezibalulekileyo, ukuphucula ukuphuculwa, ukufunwa ngaphantsi kwe-IV, i-electrolytes, kunye neyeza, kunye nokuzinza kwezokwelapha jikelele.
ILizwi
Ukuba wakho umthandayo uye wangeniswa kwiyunithi yonyango olukhuselekileyo, mhlawumbi uphantsi kwengcinezelo enkulu njengoko unokungaqiniseki nokungaqiniseki.
Akusizo zonke iziguli ezifanayo, kwaye umhlobo wakho uhlukile. Indlela yakhe yokubuyisela ilula okanye iyinkimbinkimbi kunokuba yabanye, kwaye kaninzi, ukungaqiniseki kwezifo ezenza izigulane zidinga ukunakekelwa kwe-ICU kwenza ukuba ukugqithisa konke kungaqinisekanga.
Nangona ziimeko ezinzulu ezigunyazisa ukungena kwi-ICU, ezininzi izigulane ziyakwazi ukushiya i-ICU kwaye ziqhubeke nokukhathalela i-ward yesibhedlele ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziphinde zibuyele ekuguleni kwazo, zishiye isibhedlele ukuba zihambe ekhaya.
> Umthombo:
> Zhonghua W, Zhong B, Xue J, Uhlalutyo lwezinto ezichaphazela ukugxekwa kwezigulane ze-ICU ngeendlela ezininzi zokuziphatha: ukufundwa kwabafundi be-1 299 kwiminyaka eyi-12 elandelelanayo, ngo-2017 Julayi; 29 (7): 602-607.