Nangona kukho iinkqubo ezinkulu zonyango zehlabathi, ukunyuka kwamazinga okusulela ukwanda kwamayeza
Akukho ndawo kwihlabathi elibhubhisayo le-AIDS liye laphazamisa ngakumbi kunelizwekazi laseAfrika. Kubemi boMzantsi Afrika, ukuphazamiseka kwezombusazwe kunye nomlando omdala wokwenqaba urhulumente kubangele ubhubhane obuye lwafikelela kwiindawo ezinobungozi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990 nakuma-2000.
Nangamhlanje, nangona zihlawulela amazinga okufa kunye nobunkokeli obukhulu kwi-front front fight, i-rate yesifo sengculaza esitsha iqhubeka ikhula ngonyaka.
Ngenxa yoko, uMzantsi Afrika uhlala lizwe elinabantu abaninzi abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwihlabathi.
Abantu baseMzantsi Afrika
Kutholakala kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwelo zwekazi laseAfrika, iNingizimu Afrika inabantu abangama-48 yezigidi (malunga nesinye kwisithandathu njenge-US) isasazeka ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-1.2 zezigidi (malunga neyesine ubukhulu beTexas.
Ilizwe linelwimi ezilishumi elinanye ezisemthethweni, kuquka isiNgesi, nge-79% abamnyama kunye nabama-10% abamhlophe.
Izibalo ze-HIV eMzantsi Afrika
Iingqinisiso zibonisa ukuba izigidi ezi-5.7 zabantu baseMzantsi Afrika bahlala ne-HIV, emele malunga ne-12% yabantu (okanye malunga nabemi abasi-8). Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo zilandelayo.
- Inqanaba le-HIV kubantu abadala namhlanje lingaphezulu kwe-18% (okanye malunga neyodwa kwabahlanu).
- Omnye wabantu abane abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwe-49 ubudala bakholelwa ukuba unesifo se-HIV.
- I-45% yazo zonke ukufa ehlabathini inokubakho kwi-HIV.
- Ama-13% abantu abamnyama baseMzantsi Afrika banesifo se-HIV kunye ne-0.3% yabamhlophe baseMzantsi Afrika.
- Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho abantwana abangama-600 000 abangamazinyane ngenxa ye-AIDS.
Imbali ye-HIV eMzantsi Afrika
Ingqungquthela ye-HIV yavela eMzantsi Afrika ngo-1982. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ilizwe lalingaphakathi phakathi kokuqothulwa kobandlululo, inengxaki ye-HIV yinkoliso yeyona nto yayininzi.
Ngethuba, ngelixa iimbambano zezopolitiko zilawulwa kumajelo eendaba, i-HIV yaqala ukubamba, kubini kwintlalo yama-gay kunye nabantu abamnyama abasengozini.
Ngomnyaka wee-1990, njengoko i-HIV yonyuka yanda ngo-60%, urhulumente wahlala wancinci ekuphenduleni kwayo into eya kuba yintlekele yempilo yoluntu. Kwakuyiminyaka yama-1990 kuphela ukuba uMongameli uNelson Mandela wavuma ukuphendula izikhalazo zikaRhulumente kwiinkathazo, ngelo xesha uMzantsi Afrika sele sele sele likhulu kunabantu abaninzi abane-HIV kwihlabathi.
Ngo-2000, iSebe lezeMpilo laseMzantsi Afrika luchaze icebo leminyaka emihlanu le-HIV / AIDS kodwa lafumana inkxaso encinane kuMongameli waseMzantsi Afrika uThabo Mbeki. Emva kokubonisana neqela labaxhasi beGawulayo elaphethwe nguDkt. Peter Duesberg, uMbeki wenqabe isayensi ye-HIV yesigqirha kwaye esikhundleni sakhe wathi isifo sengculazi esikhulayo ekuhluphekeni, koloniyaliyali kunye nokunyanzela.
Ngaphandle kwenkxaso karhulumente, isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu asizange siphume emhlabathini ngokukhawuleza njengoko kucetywayo, kunye nabambalwa ababonakalisa ukufumana kwiyeza elingahlaziyiyo le-antiretroviral . Okwangoku, i-HIV phakathi kwabasetyhini baseMzantsi Afrika abakhulelweyo bephakama ukusuka kwi-8% yeshumi kwi-1% ngo-1990 ukuya kuma-30% ngo-2000.
Kwakuphela kokususwa kwe-Mbeki kwi-ofisi ngo-2008 ukuba urhulumente uthathe amanyathelo okubuyiselwa kwintlekele, ukugxotha iinzame zokuba yintoni eyona nkqubo yezona zinkulu kwi-HIV kwilizwe jikelele namhlanje.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo yokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwezinto kuye kwachithwa yinkxaso-ntle yezempilo yoluntu kunye nokuncipha kwemali yaseMzantsi Afrika phantsi koMongameli uJacob Zuma. Okwangoku, abantu abangaphantsi kwe-30 abangaphantsi kwe-HIV abanokunyango, ngelixa u-
Ngolonyulo lwakutshanje lukaCyril Ramaphosa njengentloko ye-African National Congress (ANC), banethemba elininzi lokuba uqoqosho lwaseMzantsi Afrika luya kwenza ulungelelaniso kwaye, kunye nalo, iinzame zokomeleza imizamo ye-HIV kunye nelizwe.
Ukuxhaphaka kwe-HIV kunye ne-AIDS eMzantsi Afrika
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ingcamango ebalulekileyo phakathi kwabemi boMzantsi Afrika kukuba i-HIV / AIDS yayisifo sehlwempu.
Yaye leyo ihlala yinyani, incinci ukuyeka ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane kuluntu oluhluphekileyo.
Phakathi kwabo bachaphazelekayo;
- Abantu abaselula abaneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kweyimi-24 bakha inxalenye enkulu kunazo zonke abantu abane-HIV eMzantsi Afrika, malunga nama-50%.
- I-akhawunti yeTyhini i-55% yazo zonke iintsholongwane. Ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho, ukunyanzelwa kwabasetyhini kunye namazinga aphezulu okudlwengula eMzantsi Afrika ziphakathi kwezizathu zezi manani.
- Amadoda abelana ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) basengozini enkulu ye-HIV eMzantsi Afrika, ngokulinganiselwa kwama-33%. Ukuxhamla kweenkonzo ezikhethekileyo ze-HIV kubantu abesilisa nabasetyhini kunye nokuxhaswa kwamasiko kwezinye iindawo ziqhuba amazinga aphezulu.
- Abasebenzi abafudukayo basengozini enkulu kakhulu ye-HIV, kunye noluntu olummandla olumayini obonisa ukutheleleka kwamazinga angaphezu kwama-60%. Abantu abemi kuphela abaqulunqwa ngamazinga aphezulu okuthengisa ulwabelana ngesondo ngeshishini ukuze benze isiphepho esipheleleyo sokusuleleka.
Impumelelo kwiMfazwe ye-HIV yaseMzantsi Afrika
Kungabi nakulungile ukusho ukuba umfanekiso ube yinto ebhubhayo kunye nezobuhlungu eMzantsi Afrika. Enye yeempumelelo zawo enkulu yinto yokunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-HIV ukuya kumntwana (MTCT) ye-HIV . Ngokuqwalasela kakuhle kwiiklinikhi zangaphambi kokubeletha kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweyeza zonyango lwe-HIV, izinga le-MTCT lehlile ukusuka ku-8% ngo-2008 ukuya kwi-2.7% ngo-2012.
Ngenxa yoko, izinga lokufa kwe-HIV liye lahla phakathi kwabantwana liye lahla ngo-20%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwe-antiretroviral therapy kubantwana kuye kwawa emva kweyabantu abadala, kwaye ngaphezu kwama-70% kubo bonke abantu abaswelekayo eMzantsi Afrika balelwa kwi-HIV.
Imithombo
IBhunga leZakhono zoLuntu (HSRC). "Uvavanyo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo, iNkcazo kunye noPhulo lwaBantu baseMzantsi Afrika, ngo-2012." EPitoli, eMzantsi Afrika; Disemba 2014; fi kelele ngoFebruwari 17, 2016.
Natrass, N. "U-AIDS kunye nokuPhathwa kweNzululwazi yeMicrophelo emva koMbandela eMzantsi Afrika." Iindaba zee-Oxford: Imicimbi yaseAfrika. Fe bruwari 2008; 107 (427): 157-176.
Amaziko e-US for Control and Prevention (CDC) yeZifo. "I-CDC yeNtsholongwane kaGawulayo noGawulayo kunye neNkqubo yoLonyango eMzantsi Afrika: i-TB kunye ne-HIV." Atlanta, Georgia; Disemba 5, 2011.
Heywood, M. "Ixabiso lokulahla." Uhlaziyo lweNtsebenziswano yoPhuhliso. Disemba 2004; 5 (3).