Inkcubeko yangoku yokukhanyela inzululwazi ifikelela kwi-HIV
Nangona uphuhliso olusondeleyo kwimihla ngemihla kwiinsayensi ze- HIV , isithunzi sokunyaniseka kwe-AIDS sisona sikhulu, sithandabuze kunye nokuphazamiseka phakathi kwabo bahlala befuna uncedo.
Nangona amazwi amakhulu aphikisanayo (uPetros Duesberg, uCelia Farber) asinakukwazi ukubamba i-medialightlight ayeyifumaneka kwiminyaka ye-1980 kunye ne-90-xa yayingaphantsi kweyona nto yaziwa malunga ne-HIV kunye noloyiko lunikezela iqonga elungeleyo kulabo abaphezu lwezesayensi ezisemthethweni-imiyalezo kunye nezindlela zabo zineempembelelo namhlanje.
Ukugxotha iingcamango zabo njenge-"quackery" yezokwelapha okanye iimali zokudlulela ngaphantsi kwexesha elidlulileyo kunomdla wokuba ukunyaniseka kwindlela abantu abajonga ngayo nge-HIV, kunye neengxaki ezingenakunikwa kunye neemvakalelo abazidlayo.
Ngoku kutshanje ngo-2007, uphando olwenziwa ngamaziko e-United States for Control and Prevention (CDC) e-United States lubonise ukuba ama-51 ekhulwini abantu abancinci abelana ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) bavumelana nenqaku elithi "I-HIV ayibangeli i-AIDS."
Uphando lubonisa ukuba iingcamango zobuqhetseba phakathi kweli qela azizange ziqhutywe kakhulu yienkolelo ezingavumiyo ngokwazo, kodwa ngeengcinga ezingalunganga malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom , kunye nokungaqiniseki ngokubanzi karhulumente kunye / okanye kumagunya okunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Ulwaphulo lwe-AIDS luqala phi?
Ngokutsho kwe-Oxford Dictionary, umntu ophikisayo "ngumntu onqaba ukuvuma inyaniso yesicatshulwa okanye isincomo esekelwe ngobuninzi bobuqhetseba besayensi okanye bembali."
UChris Hoofnagle, ugqwetha lomsebenzi ophezulu we-Samuelson Law, iTeknoloji kunye neKliniki yoMgaqo-nkqubo we-Yunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, iqhubeka nencazelo ngokuthi:
"Njengoko ukuthetha ngokusemthethweni akuyona into efanelekileyo kubantu abanomdla ekukhuseleni iingcamango ezinzulu okanye ezingenangqiqo kwizinto zenzululwazi, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuphela kukusebenzisa ... amaqhinga okubhala."
Ezinye zeendlela zobuqhetseba ezichazwe nguTara C. Smith, uprofesa onxulumene ne-epidemiology kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa College of Health Public, kunye noDkt. Steven Novella weSikolo seYunivesithi yeeMyibrari yaseYale.
- Ukubonakalisa isayensi yesiganeko ngokungakhathaliseki ukuba iphosakele ngokwengqondo okanye iqhutywe ngumdla (umz.
- Ukukhethwa ngokukhetha ukuba iziphi iziphathamandla ukuba zikholelwe kunye nokuba yiyiphi inxaxheba ekugxothweni ukuze iqulunqe ingxabano, okanye ukubonisa ukuba inzululwazi ebonisiweyo ixutyushwa.
- Ukunciphisa isimo senqatshweno enqatshelwe inzululwazi yinto enzulu (esoloko itshutshiswa) ukholo, ngelixa kubonakalisa ukuvumelaniswa kwezenzululwazi njengengqiqo kunye nokunyanzelisa.
- "Phinda uphinde ulandele iinjongo" ngokufuna ubungqina obuninzi besayensi kunokuba bukhoyo ngoku, kwaye ke ugxininise ubungqina obutsha xa ezo zidingo zidibene.
Ukuxhatshazwa Kwenkohlakalo?
Okwangoku, amalungu omphakathi abamkela iinkolelo ze-denialist zivame ukubonwa ukuba zisengozini kwiinkcukacha ezingenakunyani okanye ukukhwabanisa, okanye nje ukuphulukana nemfundo efunekayo ukwenza isigwebo esicacisiweyo. Uphando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseConnecticut lubonakala luchaza ngenye indlela.
Abasebenzisi be-intanethi kwisifundo abaye bavuma inkolelo ethile ye-AIDS denialist, ukulinganisa ukuthembela kunye nokholo kwakuphakamileyo kwiwebhusayithi yezobugcisa (iTufts Medical School) kunokuba kubonwe kwiiwebhsayithi ezimbini ezingabonayo (uMatasas Rath, uJonathan Campbell).
Oku kubonakala kubonisa ukuba imilayezo yokuphika ingenzi nto ikhuthaza inkolelo yomuntu siqu, kodwa kunoko ukuqinisekisile ukusola nokungaqiniseki kwabo abanqweneliyo (okanye abangenako) ukuba bamkele inyaniso yezokwelapha ngokubhekiselele kwisigqibo sabo esingcono.
Ngokwenziwe uphando olwenziwa yi-CDC, kuphela ama-44 ekhulwini abantu baseMerika abanokufumana i-HIV banxulumene nokunakekelwa kwezonyango. Ingcaciso engalunganga malunga ne-HIV-ehlangene kunye nokwesaba ukuchazwa kunye nokungabikho kokunyamekela kwe-HIV kufuneka ibonwe isizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba kutheni abaninzi banquma ukulibazisa unyango kuze kuqalwe izifo zesifo .
Nangona ukunyaniseka kukaGawulayo kungabonakala ngathi imbali yamandulo kwabanye, ukukwazi ukuphazamiseka nokuphazamisa ukuhlala kusemandleni.
Imithombo:
Kalichman, S; Eaton, L .; kunye neCherry, C. "Akukho bungqina bokuthi i-HIV ibangele i-AIDS": Ukunyaniseka kwe-AIDS Ukukholelwa phakathi kwaBantu abaphila ne-HIV / AIDS. "I- Journal of Medicine Behavior.Disemba 2010, 33 (6): 342-440 (Itheyibhile 3).
Skarbinski, J .; I-Furlow-Parmley, iC .; kunye ne-Frazie, E. "Iimali zokuBaluleka koLuntu lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo + Abadala abakufumene unyango lwezoNyango, abaye babhalwa ngo-ART, kunye neProjekthi yokuLawulwa kweNyango yeNtsholongwane, ku-2009 ukuya ku-2010." INgqungquthela ye-19 kwi-Retroviruses kunye neeNtsholongwane eziKhuselekileyo (CROI); Seattle, Washington; Matshi 8, 2013; engumlomo # 138.