Iyiphi indima Ngaba ama-Capillaries adlala kwiSystem Circulatory System?
I-Capillaries yizona mithwalo yegazi encinci emzimbeni, idibanisa imibhobho encinane kunazo zonke kwiimvini ezincinci. Ezi nqanawa zibizwa ngokuba yi "microcirculation."
Ukwakhiwa kwamaCapillaries
Ama-Capillaries athathaka kakhulu, malunga nama-5 micrometer ububanzi, kwaye anamalungu amabini kuphela weeseli; Uluhlu lwangaphakathi lweeseli zokuphela kunye nocwangciso lwangaphandle lweeseli ze-epithelial.
Zincinci kakhulu ukuba iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zidinga ukuhamba ngeefayile enye. Ukuba onke ama-capillary emzimbeni womntu ahlanganiswe kwifayile enye, umgca wawuza kwandula ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-100,000. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho ama-capillari angama-40 ebhilidi emzimbeni womntu. Ukujikeleza olu luhlu lweeseli yinto ebizwa ngokuba yimbumba engaphantsi komhlaba, umgca weprotheni ejikeleze i-capillary.
I-Capillaries kwiSystem Circulatory System
Ama-capillari angacingelwa njengengxenye ebalulekileyo yokuhambisa. Igazi lishiya intliziyo nge-aorta kunye nemithambo ye-pulmonary ehamba kuwo wonke umzimba kunye nemiphunga ngokulandelanayo. Le mibhobho emikhulu iba yinto encinci ye-arterioles kwaye ekugqibeleni iyincinci ukuze yenze umbhede we-capillary. Ukusuka kwi-capillaries, igazi ligeleza kwiimimonci ezincinci kwaye emva koko zibe emithanjeni, ibuyele entliziyweni.
Umsebenzi weCapillaries
Ama-capillaries anembopheleleko yokuququzelela ukuthuthwa kunye nokutshintshiselwa kwamagesi, amanzi kunye nezondlo kumzimba.
Gash Exchange
Emiphakeni, i-oksijeni iyahlukana ukusuka kwi- alveoli ibe ngama-capillari ukuba ifakwe kwi-hemoglobin kwaye iqhutywe kuwo wonke umzimba. I-carbon dioxide (ephuma kwi-deoxygenated blood) ngokukhawuleza iphuma kwi-capillaries iphinda ibe yi-alveoli ukuze ikhutshwe kwimeko.
Utshintsho lweFluid kunye neNtrient Exchange
Ngokufanayo, i-fluids kunye nezondlo zichithwa ngokukhetha i-capillaries ezikhethiweyo kwiiscuphe zomzimba, kwaye iimveliso zentengiso zifunyenwe kwi-capillaries ukuba zithunyelwe ngeemvini ukuya kwiintso kunye nesibindi apho zicutshungulwa kwaye zisuswe emzimbeni.
Iintlobo zamaCapillaries
Kukho iiprayimari ezi-3 eziphambili.
- Okuqhubekayo - Lawa ma-capillary awanakho ukuphazamiseka kwaye avumela kuphela i-molecule encinane ukuba idlule. Zikhoyo kwi-muscle, isikhumba, amanqatha, kunye neethambo zomzimba.
- I-Fenestrated - Lawa ma-capillari anama-pores amancinci avumela ama-molecule amancinci kwaye atholakala emathunjini, izintso kunye neengcina ze-endocrine.
- I-sinusoidal okanye i-discontinuous - Lawa ma-capillari anama-pores avulekile-akhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela i-cell cell. Bakho kwi-bone yomnkantso, i-lymph nodes, kunye ne-spleen, kwaye, ngokwenene, "i-leakiest" yamaplasilla.
- Isithintelo segazi-yengqondo - Kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi i-capillaries yenza into eyaziwa ngokuba ngumqobo wegazi . Lo mqobo unqanda amandla okwexu (kwaye, ngelishwa, amaninzi amaninzi e-khemotherapy) ukuba adlule kwi-brain.
Igazi eligeleza ngama Capillaries
Ekubeni igazi lihamba nge-capillaries lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni umzimba, unokuba uzibuze ukuba kwenzekani xa ukuguquka kwegazi kugqitha, umzekelo, ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luya kugxotha ( hypotension .) Imibhede yama-Capillary ilawulwa ngento ethiwa ukugulisa, ukuze ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luya kuhla, ukuhamba nge-capillaries kuya kuqhubeka nokubonelela i-oksijeni kunye nezondlo kumathambo omzimba.
Ngokuzivocavoca, iibhedi ezininzi ze-capillary zifunyenwe kwimiphunga ukuze zilungiselele ukwanda kweemfuno ze-oksijini kwizicubu zomzimba.
Ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-capillaries kulawulwa yi-precapillary sphincters. I-precapillary sphincter yi-fibers muscular elawula ukuhamba kwegazi phakathi kwe-arterioles kunye ne-capillaries.
I-Capillary Microcirculation
Ummiselo wokuhamba kwamanzi phakathi kwama-capillaries kunye nezicubu ezinxulumene nomhlaba zixhaswa ngumlinganiselo wamabutho amabini: uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic kunye noxinzelelo lwe-osmotic.
Ngecala loxinzelelo lwama-capillary, uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic (uxinzelelo olusuka entliziyweni yokupompa igazi kunye ne-elasticity of arteries) liphezulu.
Ekubeni ama-capillari "aphihli" lo xinzelelo luqhuba umbane kunye nezondlo kwiindonga ze-capillary nakwiindawo eziphakathi kunye nezicubu.
Kwinqanaba le-capillary, uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic luye lwahla kakhulu. Kule ngongoma, ingcinezelo ye-osmotic ye-fluid ngaphakathi kwe-capillary (ngenxa yobukho beetroti kunye nama-proteins egazini) ekhupha amanzi kwi-capillary. Uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lubizwa ngokuba yingcinezelo ye-oncotic kwaye yintoni eyenza i-fluids kunye nemveliso yezinto ezilahlekileyo ziphuma kwiimfucu kunye ne-capillary ukuba ibuyiselwe kwigazi (kwaye ihanjiswe kwiintso phakathi kwezinye iisayithi.)
Inani lamaCapeillary
Inani lala ma-capillary kwiisishu liyahluka ngokubanzi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, imiphunga ixutywe ngamaplasilla azungeze i-alveoli ukuze athathe i-oksijeni aze aphume i-carbon dioxide. Ngaphandle kwemiphunga, i-capillaries ininzi kakhulu kwiimfucu ezisebenzisayo kakhulu.
'Iimpawu zePapillaries'
I-skin blanching - Ukuba uke uzibuze ukuba kutheni isikhumba sakho siba mhlophe xa usibeka ingcinezelo kuyo impendulo yilezi zi-capillaries. Uxinzelelo kwesikhumba luxinzezela igazi ngaphandle kwama-capillaries obangela ukubonakala kwe-blanching okanye ephahleni xa uxinzelelo lususwa.
Ukuzaliswa kwama-Capillary - Oogqirha bahlala bejonga "ukuzaliswa kwe-capillary". Oku kuvavanywa ngokuqwalasela ukuba isikhumba siphumelela njani ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba uxinzelelo lukhutshwe kwaye lunokunika ingcamango yempilo yezicubu. Umzekelo walolu hlobo uza kuba kubantu abanokutshisa. Ukutshisa i-second-degree kungabonisa ukuzaliswa kwe-capillary ukulibaziseka, kodwa ekutshitshweni kwe-third-degree, bekungekho nto yokuvuselela i-capillary.
Abaphendula ngokukhawulezileyo bajonga rhoqo ukuhlaziya i-capillary refill ngokuxhoma kwi-fingernail okanye kwi-toen, bese ukhulula uxinzelelo kwaye ulinde ukubona ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-nailbed ibonakale iphinki kwakhona. Ukuba umbala ubuya ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana emibini (ubuninzi bexesha elithathayo ukutsho i-capillary refill), ukujikeleza kwisandla okanye umlenze mhlawumbi kulungile. Ukuba ukuzaliswa kwe-capillary kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwembini, ukusasazwa kwesilungu mhlawumbi kutyeshelwe kwaye kuthathwa njengongxamiseko. Kukho ezinye izicwangciso apho ukubuyiswa kwe-capillary kubambezelekayo, njengokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
Ukwahlula okwesithathu kunye nobukhulu be-capillary - Unokuva oogqirha bethetha ngento eyaziwa ngokuthi "isikhala sesithathu." Ukugqithiswa kweCapillary kubhekisela kumandla okwenza amanzi aphume kwimizimba yamathambo kwiimfesi ezijikelezayo. Ukugqithiswa kweCapillary kunokunyuswa ngama-cytokines (leukotrienes, histamines, kunye ne-prostaglandins) ekhishwa ngamaseli omzimba womzimba. Ukwanda kwamanzi (ukusahlula okwesithathu) kwendawo kungakhokelela kwimifuno. Xa umntu egula kakhulu, le nxalenye yesithathu ngenxa yama-capillary aphumayo ingasasazeka, inike umzimba wayo ukuba ibonakale.
Iisampuli zegazi zeCapillary - Uninzi lwexesha xa uphelelwe igazi lakho, itekisi liza kuthatha igazi kwi-vein yengalo yakho. Igazi leCapillary lingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iimvavanyo ezithile zegazi, njengalezo ezijongene noshukela wegazi. I-lancet isetyenziselwa ukusika umnwe (ukusika ama-capillaries) kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ishukela yegazi negazi pH.
Iimeko ezibandakanya ama-Capillaries
Kukho izimbini eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya i-capillaries. Ezinye ezimbalwa ziquka:
Ibala lewayini le-Port - "uphawu lokuzalwa" - Abantwana aba-1 kwabantwana abangama-300 bazalwa "ngamanqaku okuzalwa" aquka indawo ebomvu okanye eluhlaza okomfusa ehambelana nama-capillaries ahlaziyiweyo. Uninzi lwamatye ewayini lweengcambu yinkinga yokuziqhenkcela kunokuba yinkxalabo yezokwelapha, kodwa inokuphuma igazi ngokulula xa ithukuthele.
I-Capillary malformation - i-malter syndrome ye-malformation - i-Capillary malformation inokuthi iyenze njengenxalenye yesifo esizuze njengefa esiku-1 kwi-100,000 yabantu baseYurophu. Kule syndrome, kukho ukuhamba kwegazi ngaphezu kweqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-capillaries ecaleni kwesikhumba, okubangela amachashazi abomvu nebomvu kwesikhumba. Le nto inokuvela yedwa, okanye abantu banokuba nezinye iingxaki zesifo ezifana neengxaki ezingafaniyo (ukungaqhelekanga ukudibanisa phakathi kwemibhobho kunye nemivilini) leyo, xa isengqondweni, ingabangela intloko kunye nokuthinjelwa.
I-syndrome ye-capillary leak syndrome - Inkathazo engaqhelekanga eyaziwa ngokuba yi-capillary leak syndrome iquka i-capillaries ephosakeleyo ekhokelela ekudibaniseni rhoqo kwendoda kunye neengqungquthela zokuphelelwa amandla ngenxa yokunyuka okukhawulezayo kwixinzelelo legazi.
Ukuchithwa kwamanzi - Ukuchithwa kweMacular, okwangoku kubangelwa imbumbulu e-United States, kwenzeka ngasese kumonakalo kwi-capillaries ye-retina.
> Imithombo:
> I-Reference Reference Home. I-Capillary Malformation - I-Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome. Papashwe ngo 11/08/16.
> Ilayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. AmaCapeillaries.