Funda malunga nendlela ipapillomavirus yabantu (HPV) isasazeka ngayo
I-papillomavirus yomntu ( HPV ), eneentlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezihlukeneyo, isifo esiyingozi kakhulu esasichaphazela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 zaseMerika. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi bephethe intsholongwane kwaye abanamava okanye iingxaki zezokwelapha, iintsholongwane ezithile zentsholongwane zingabangela iimeko zempilo, kubandakanywa iimfazwe zomzimba kunye nomhlaza. Ngelixa abaninzi abantu bayazi ukuba i-HPV inokusasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo, umbuzo obuzwa ngokubanzi uthi "Ngaba i-HPV isifo esithathelwana ngesondo (STD)?
Impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi kunokuba yeewe kunye no-no. Makhe sithethe malunga nokuba kunjalo.
Ngaba i-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) isifo seSondo (STD)?
Ingaba i-papillomavirus yomntu (i-HPV) isifo soxhatshazwa ngesondo (STD) sidinga ukukhangela imibuzo emibini. Enye indlela ekudluliselwa kuyo. Azikho zonke ii-STD ezithunyelwa nge-vaginal penetration, kwaye siza kujonga kule ngxaki. Ezinye iinkxalabo ukuba i-HPV inene (okanye ihlala ikhona) isifo.
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kunye nezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (i- STI ) zizifo ezithathelwanayo ngezinye iinkalo zoqhagamshelwano ngesondo. Ii-STI zivela kwiindlela ezininzi kwaye zingabangela ibhaktheriya, ii-virus, okanye iipasasites. Ipapillomavirus yomntu ithathwa njengenye yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Idluliselwa ngoxilongo lwezocansi (kungekhona nge-semen), oko kuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba ungene ngaphakathi ukuze kuphume umntu omnye ukuya kwenye.
Beka okulula, ipapillomavirus yomntu isasazeka ngokuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Ukuxubha ngohlobo lwesisu kunokusasaza intsholongwane. Ngamanye amazwi, iintombi ziyakuthatyathwa yi-HPV.
Ulwabelana ngesondo kunye nokulala kunye nazo ziindlela zokusasazeka kwe-HPV, njengokuba isondo somlomo , nangona kungabonakali kakhulu.
Nangona i-HPV ithathwa ngokuba yi-STI ngenxa yendlela yokudluliselwa kwayo, ayisoloko ihlulwe njengesifo sesifo soxhatshazo (STD). Oku kungenxa yokuba igama elithi "isifo" lingabonisa inkcazo ecacileyo yonyango eneempawu okanye iimpawu ezicacileyo. Xa umntu onamava e-HPV engenazo iimpawu, i-HPV ingachazwa njengosulelo olungenakho ukuphumela kwisifo . Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, nangona kunjalo, ukuba akubona bonke abaqeqeshi bezobugqirha benza oku kwahlukileyo.
Uninzi lwasulelo lwe-HPV lucocwe kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-24 kwaye ungaqhubeki ukubangela izifo.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Umngcipheko Wakho we-HPV
Ekubeni i-papillomavirus yomuntu ingadluliselwa ngothintana nje yesikhumba kwaye kungekhona nje ukungena, ukuthintela kunokuba nzima. Iindlela eziqinisekileyo kuphela zokuthintela i-papillomavirus yabantu ngokuzilahla ngokupheleleyo ( ukungabandakanyeli nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo); Nangona kunjalo, oku akunangqiqo kuninzi.
Iikondom zinokukunceda (kwaye ziyanconywa ukuba ufuna ukukunceda ukukhusela ezinye izifo nezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo, kunye nokukhulelwa), kodwa khumbula ukuba banikezela kuphela ukhuselo olukhuselekileyo kwi-HPV kuba kukho iinxalenye zeentlobo zesisu ezishiye zingakhuseli ngexesha izenzo zesondo.
Ngenxa yobunzima bokuthintela i-HPV ngokwenyama, "ukuthintela uluntu" kuya kudlala. Oku kuthetha ukuzama ukumazi iqabane elitsha ngaphambi kokuba ube naluphi na uhlobo loqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo. Ukunciphisa inani lamalingani oza kudibana nalo luncedo. Kwaye abo banokusuleleka, ukuyeka ukutshaya kubalulekile, njengoko kubonakala ngathi ababhemayo banako ukuba isifo sibe sisifo (ukutshaya kunokunciphisa amandla omzimba ukucima intsholongwane).
Ukugonya kwe-HPV kuyanceda, kodwa ukuze kuqondwe izitofu ezahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane.
Iintlobo kunye neengxaki ze-HPV
Kukho ngaphaya kwekhulu lwegciwane le-HPV, kodwa ezi ziintlobo ziyahluka ngokubalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izifo. Ziye zaphuka zibe ngengozi ephezulu kunye nobungozi obuncipheko njengendlela elandelayo:
- Iimpawu ezibangelwa umdlavuza (iintsholongwane ezinobungozi obuphezulu). I-HPV ye-16 kunye ne-18 ingxelo malunga nama-70 ekhulwini enomdlavuza wesibeletho. Ukongeza kwi-HPV 16 kunye ne-18, iimfuno ze-HPV ezinxulumene nomhlaza ziquka 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, no-59, 51, 52, 56, 58, kunye no-59. Zikhona ezinye iisondo ezinxulumene nezifo ze-HPV, kuquka intloko kunye iintamo zomhlaza zentamo (ngokukodwa ulwimi kunye neengqungquthela zomdlavuza, eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene ne-HPV 16), umdlavuza womhlaza, umhlaza wesifo somhlaza, isifo somdlavuza kunye nomhlaza we-penile. Imibuzo iphakanyiswa ngamanye amachiza, ngokunje, njengobunxibelelwano obukhoyo phakathi kwe- HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- I-wart yomtshato eyenza i-strain (i-strain-risk-strains). I-akhawunti ye-HPV 6 kunye ne-11 malunga neepesente ezingama-90 zeemfazwe zobulili kumadoda nabasetyhini. Ezi ngxabano zingenzeka kwizitho zangasese, emlonyeni, okanye emqaleni. Iingxaki eziphantsi kweengozi ze-HPV zingakhokelela ekuphefumuleni kwe-papillomatosis , imeko apho iigulane zenza kwiintambo zamagama ezidala ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nezinye iimpawu.
I-HPV Vaccine
Ukugonya kwe-HPV yenye enye indlela ekunceda ukukhusela intsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho izigulane ezi-3 ezahlukileyo ezichasene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zegciwane, kwaye akukho nanye yezigonyo ezikhusela kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-HPV ezinokuthi zithinte umntu. Le yindlela ende yokuthetha ukuba iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zingasentla zibaluleke kakhulu nangona ugonywe malunga nezinye iintlobo ze-HPV. Iigciwane ezikhoyo ngoku ziquka:
- Gardasil. Kuyavunyelwa ngo-2006, i-Gardasil yayiyi-vaccine yokuqala ye-HPV eya kuvunywa. Isebenza ngokumalunga ne-HPV 6 kunye ne-11, imbangela yeepesenti ezingama-90 zeemfazwe zesini, kunye ne-HPV 16 ne-18, imbangela ye-70 ekhulwini yeengcingo zomhlaza wesibeleko. Kuvunyiwe yi-FDA kubini abesifazana nabesilisa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 no-26.
- Cervarix. I-Cervarix yayisisigxina sesibini sokuvunywa kwaye siye safumaneka ukususela ngo-2009. Isebenza ngokumalunga ne-HPV 16 ne-18. Iyavunyelwa kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka eli-9 ukuya kuma-25.
- I-Gardasil 9. I-Gardasil 9 yavunywa ngo-2014 inomsebenzi obanzi ngokubanzi wegciwane le-HPV. Isebenza ngokumalunga ne-HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, ne-58. Le gonyoza ivunyiwe kubafazi phakathi kweminyaka engama-9 no-26 ukukhusela umlomo wesibeleko, u-vulvar, isisu, nomhlaza womhlaza, kunye kwindoda ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 no-15 ukukhusela umdlavuza omdala.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba izitofu ezahlukeneyo zinikezela ngeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo, kwaye enye ivunyiwe kuphela kubafazi. Isigqibo sakho malunga nokuba yisiphi isitofu esilungeleyo kuwe sinokumiselwa ngesikhokelo sakho se-inshurensi (ngaphandle kokuba unqwenela ukuzihlawula ngokuzenzekelayo isitofu esiphezulu). Ezinye iinkampani ze-inshorensi zifakela enye yeigonyo kodwa ingabanye. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo kunye nogqirha wakho, jonga inkampani yakho yenkampani yomshuwalense malunga nenkcazo.
Nayiphi na isitofu sokugonya kwe-HPV siphumelele xa sinikwe ngaphambi kokuba umntu asebenze ngesondo kwaye unako ukubonakala kwintsholongwane.
Ukuhlola i-HPV-Related Disease
Ukugonywa malunga ne-HPV kunye nokusebenzisa ikhondom rhoqo xa ulala ngesibini zindlela ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-papillomavirus yabantu. Kodwa nangaloo maqhinga, kukulungele ukuqhubeka kunye nokuhlolwa kwakho rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa-ngakumbi xa kuziwa kubafazi kunye nee-Pap smears.
Ngokomzekelo, kwabasetyhini, nangona i-HPV ibangela utshintsho olungavamile kwintsholongwane engakhula ibe ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, i- Pap smear rhoqo kwi-gynecologist yakho inokukunceda ukubamba oku kusenokwenzeka ukuze uphathwe ngaphambi kokuba ingxaki yempilo ibe yingozi kwaye iyingozi ukunyanga.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba amadoda kufuneka aqonde kwakhona. Kucingelwa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezi-2 zamatyala omhlaza kumadoda ahlobene ne-HPV. Naluphi na ukungaqhelekanga kwe-genitalia okanye intloko nentamo kufuneka kuhlolwe ngugqirha, uninzi lwemiqathango inezigaba ezinqabileyo.
Ngaphantsi kwi-HPV njengeSifo soThatshazo
I-HPV idla ngokubhekiswa njengesifo esithathelwana ngesondo, kodwa inkcazelo echanekileyo iyinkimbinkimbi. Uninzi lwabantu abahlakulela isifo sosulelo lwe- HPV (isifo sesifo esithathelwana ngesondo) asiqhubeki ukuvelisa izifo ezinxulumene ne-HPV, ezifana neengxabano zomzimba okanye ukutshintshwa kwintsholongwane / ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaza kwintsholongwane, isondo, isondo, i-pen, okanye intloko nentamo.
I-HPV idluliselwa ngokufowunelwa kwabantu abasondeleyo, kodwa ukungena kwesisu akudingeki ukuba ifumane intsholongwane. Ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwesikhumba ukunxiba ukunxibelelana (kubandakanywa nokuba kwimeko yomlomo nangomfanekiso), iikhondom zingenakukwazi ukukhusela intsholongwane. Ukugonywa ngesinye segciwane le-HPV singakhusela isifo esifana ne-HPV, ngokuxhomekeke kwincwadi yokugonywa.
Ukuhlola nge-Pap smears rhoqo, kunye nokubonisana nogqirha kunye naziphi na iimpawu ezingaphakamisa ukutshintsha ngenxa ye-HPV, kubalulekile nakubani na umntu osebenza ngokwesondo, okanye unxulumane nabantu abasondeleyo.
> Imithombo:
> de Sanjose, S., Brotons, M., noMnu Pavon. Imbali Yendalo ye-Human Papillomavirus Infection. Izenzo eziPhambili kunye noPhando. I-Clinical Obstetrics kunye neGynecology . 2018. 47: 2-13.
> Serrano, B., Brotons, M., Bosch, F., noL. Bruni. I-epidemiology kunye nomthwalo we-HPV-Related Disease. Izenzo eziPhambili kunye noPhando. I-Clinical Obstetrics kunye neGynecology . 2018. 47: 14-26.
> Ventimiglia, E., Hornblas, S., Muneer, A., kunye no-A. Salonia. Ulwaphulo lwe-Papillomavirus lwabantu kunye neNtsholongwane kumadoda. I-Europe Urology Focus . 2016. 2 (4): 355-362.