Uxinzelelo lwegazi

Ingqwalaselo yexinzelelo lwegazi eliphantsi

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi) yimeko yezokwelapha eyaziwayo echaphazela abaninzi abantu abangama-80 baseMerika. Ngokuphambene naso, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (hypotension), alukwazi ukuba luninzi lwegama lomntu, kodwa kulungele ukwazi okungakumbi malunga nokuba kungabangela iingxaki zempilo, ngakumbi xa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni Kutheni Ukunyanzeliswa Kwegazi Ngezantsi?

Uxinzelelo lwegazi nguxinzelelo kwimibhobho yakho, imithanjeni yegazi eneentambo eziphethe igazi ne-oxygen emiphakeni yakho kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganiselwa kwiimitha zamamitha (mm Hg) kwaye ukufunda kwakho kunamanani amabini:

• Inombolo ephezulu yi- systolic blood pressure , ebhekisela kwingcinezelo eyenziwe kwimibhobho kunye nenhliziyo nganye.
• Inombolo ephantsi yi- diastolic yexinzelelo yegazi , okanye uxinzelelo kwimibhobho xa intliziyo iphumla phakathi kwentsimbi nganye.

Kuphilile ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi phantsi kwe-120/80 mm Hg .

• Indlela yokwazisa izibonakaliso zengcinezelo yegazi ephantsi

• Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi lubangele ukukhathazeka kwezempilo

Kodwa xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi kwe-90/60 mm Hg, lungahle lube lukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa igazi okhejiweyo kuzo zonke izitho zakho, ngokukodwa izitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nobuchopho. Yingakho i-hypotension yinkxalabo enjalo.

Umzimba Wakho kunye Neengcinezelo Zegazi

Iimitha ze-arteries zinezicathulo zesistim eziphendula kwiimpawu ezisuka kwiimbilini zemizimba kulo lonke umzimba. Ezi zimpawu zixelela iirriyiti ukuba zandise okanye zenze isivumelwano njengoko kudingekile ukuba uqhubeke nokuhambisa i-oksijini ngokufanelekileyo xa kwaye ufuna kuphi.

Ngokomzekelo, xa umela ngokukhawuleza okanye uvuke emva kokulala phantsi, i-receptors enesibindi emzimbeni wakho ithumela iimpawu kwi-artery system ukuya kwimibhobho yakho, obangela ukuba izidumbu zodonga lwe-artery zenze isivumelwano kunye nokwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi olwanele ukuhambisa i-oxygen engaphezulu ukubonelela ngengqondo yakho.

Inkqubo yakho ye-nervous central ibonisa kwakhona intliziyo yakho ukubetha ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuhlawulela utshintsho kwi-posture yakho.

Nangona kunjalo, xa inkqubo yeentlanzi ingaphenduli ngokukhawuleza ukuhlawulela utshintsho kwingcinezelo, igazi lakho linokuthi lidibanise kwiindawo ezingaphantsi zomzimba. Oku kunokubangela ukunciphisa igazi lokungena kweengqondo, kubangele uvakalelo lwenkontsi okanye ukukhanya okulula kunye nophononongo lwakho lwegazi, obizwa ngokuba yi- orthostatic or postural hypotension . Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwegazi lwegazi luya kwenzeka xa uhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuguqula indawo.

Ukongeza kwimpendulo encitshisiweyo kwinkqubo yesistim ephakathi, i- plaque ingayakha kwimibhobho yakho ngokuguga , kubangele imithwayilo engancinci enganciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni yakho nasengqondweni.

I-autonomic neuropathy kunye ne-peripheral neuropathy , ebonakaliswe ngumonakalo wemisipha kwaye ibangelwa zizifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, kunokuchaphazela amandla omzimba wokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kubangele ukuxhaswa kwe-post-hypotension.

Iimbangela eziqhelekileyo zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi

• Ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi, oku kunokubangelwa ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, kunye nokukhupha okukhulu

• Ukuphazamiseka kwemithi, okunokubangela amandla omzimba ukuba ahlawule umthamo wegazi ophantsi

• Amachiza: Ukongeza kwimishanguzo ephezulu yegazi, enokutshintsha uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nentliziyo yexabiso, iititrates ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha intlungu yesifuba, imithi yokudambisa i- erectile , ezinye izidambisi zokuxilonga, kunye neyeza-antipsychotic ziyaziwa ngokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. Amachiza asetyenziswa ekuphatheni abantu abane-Parkinson isifo sinxulumene ne-postural hypotension.

• Iingxaki zeHormonal, ezifana ne-hypothyroidism okanye ishukela ephantsi yegazi (i-hypoglycemia)

• Ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo , okuphumela ekusebenziseni ukuphefumula kwentliziyo
• IArrhythmias (izitho zentliziyo engavumelekanga), ezithintela intliziyo ukuba ivelise amandla anelungelo lokuthengisa
• Isifo sesibindi
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukuxinezeleka: Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lungaphinda luyeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye lubangele ukuphelelwa yintliziyo okanye ukukhanya okungapheliyo ekuphenduleni uxinzelelo olukhulu lwengqondo. Kule meko, inkqubo yakho ye-nervous central ingagxininiswa.

• I-Sepsis, ebangelwa yintsholongwane emangalisayo kunye nokuphendula komzimba ngomzimba
• I-Anaphylaxis, eyona nto ishukumisayo yokuphazamiseka okwenyukayo eyenza ukuphosa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokonakala kwingozi yegazi. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuphendula kwe-anaphylactic ziquka i-shellfish, i-penicillin kunye neentonga. I-Epinephrine isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa imida kunye nokwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kubantu ababenokuphendula kwe-anaphylactic.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi

Naluphi na isizathu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi lunokubangela ukungabikho kwe-oksijini kwingqondo kunye nakwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ukuba unesixinzelelo segazi esingaphantsi kodwa ungaboni naliphi na le mpawu, ke uxinzelelo lwegazi lusekho ingxaki. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zengcinezelo yegazi ephantsi ziquka:

• Lightheadedness okanye utywala
• Ukutshatyalaliswa (syncope)
• Umbono ongezantsi
• Unzima ukugxila
• Ipholile, i-clammy, isikhumba esiluhlaza
• Ukungcoli, ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza
• Okwesithathu kunye nokupheliswa kwamanzi
• Ukukhathala
• I sizathu

Yintoni Yonyango Lweengcinezelo Zegazi Eliphantsi?

Ukususela ekubeni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi luya kuba ngumphumo weemeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, unyango lunokuthi lucaciswe kwimeko ebangela ukuba.

• Ziziphi Iingxaki Zobunzima Begazi?

Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zengcinezelo yegazi ephantsi kunye nonyango oluhambelanayo:

• Ukunciphisa umthamo wegazi: Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuphelelwa umdaka, okanye ukulahlekelwa igazi ngenxa yentlekele okanye ukuphuma kwamanzi ngaphakathi. Iphathwa ngokukhutshwa komthamo ngamanzi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngemveliso yegazi.
  
• I-Orthostatic okanye i-post-hypotension ngenxa yenkqubo ye-nervous condition ixhaphake kakhulu xa sifuna. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukukhangela isizathu. Oku kungadinga ukuhlolwa okungakumbi. Kuze kubonwe imbangela ye-post-hypotension yakho, kubalulekile ukuphepha izinto ezibonakala zikhupha ingxaki, njengokukhupha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwindawo ehleli okanye ehleli.
  
• Imithi enokubangela ukuba i-hypotension ibandakanye i-beta-blockers, i-block-block blockers, i-ACE inhibitors, kunye ne-diuretics, ezo zonke ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ingozi yexinzelelo. Ezinye iziyobisi, kubandakanya izidambisi, izidakamizwa, kunye neziyobisi ukwenzela unyango lwesifo sika-Parkinson. Ukuba usanda kuqalisa iyeza elitsha kwaye unesiqalo esitsha soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokunciphisa umthamo wakho, ubeke esinye isilwanyana, okanye unqande unyango. Unokuhlakulela ukunyamezela kwisiphumo kwiiveki.
  
• I-Hormonal (i-endocrine) ebangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi lubandakanya ukungakwazi kakuhle, okubizwa ngokuba yi-Addison's disease; umsebenzi ophantsi we-thyroid ( hypothyroidism ); izifo zeengqungqungquthela zengqondo; kunye neshukela ephantsi yegazi. Xa une-endocrine imbangela ye-hypotension, i-hormone engafanele iyakuthatyathwa. Ukuba ingxaki yakho ye-endocrine ingumphumo wesifo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezikhetho, kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nohlobo lwesisu.
  
• Ukukhulelwa kungabangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. Uxinzelelo lwegazi luya kutshintsha ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngendlela eqikelelweyo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokukhawuleza kwegazi lomzimba ehambelana neemfuno ze-fetus. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo kwiimitha ezinkulu zegazi ngumbindi zingabangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. Xa kuyenzeka, utshintsho kwindawo efunekayo. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, kunceda ukuhlala kwicala lasekhohlo, okunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimithambo yegazi ukusuka kwisibeletho esakhulayo kunye nesisu.
  
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezondlo, kubandakanywa ukungena kwintsimbi, i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-folate, kunokudala i- anemia , engakhokelela ekunyanzelekeni kwegazi. Ukuguqulwa kwamathambo kuya kuba luncedo, kodwa abanye abantu baya kufuna iimfuthiso okanye ukuxelwa igazi.
  
• Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwegazi lwegazi lubhekisela kwingcinezelo ephantsi yegazi emva kokuma ixesha elide okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kunye ne syncope ezibangelwa yimpikiswano engummangaliso. Abantu abancinci bahlala bechaphazeleka kwaye imeko ihlala isombulula ngokukhawuleza.
  
• I-Anaphylaxis yindlela echaphazelekayo yokuphazamiseka. Kungabangela uxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu lwegazi, iingxaki zokuphefumla, ukuvuvukala emqaleni, kunye nemisundu. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-penicillin, i-peanut, i-shellfish, kunye neenyosi. Abantu abaziyo ukuba banesifo esibi kakhulu kufuneka baphephe into ebenzileyo, kodwa bafanele baphathe i-EpiPen, into eyenza i-self-injector yeyeza epinephrine. I-Epinephrine isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-anaphylaxis kwisebe lexakeka.
  
• Ukutshintsha kwintliziyo yakho isingeniso kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kunye ne-syncope. Ukuba ngaba kunjalo, unokufuna imithi yokulwa nesigqirha okanye i-pacemaker. Ukuseka le ngxaki, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-eyure ezingama-24 zakho, oza kuzigqoka ekhaya lakho njengoko uhamba ngemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
  
• Ukuhluleka kwentliziyo kungabangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu. Ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo yisifo esiqhubekayo esilawulwa kakuhle yi-cardiologist. Kukho amayeza anokwandisa isenzo senhliziyo, kodwa abanye abantu bangadinga ukutsalwa kwentliziyo.
  
• Isifo sesibindi, kuquka i- cirrhosis , sinokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi ngenxa yokuba isibindi asikwazi ukuvelisa iiprotheni ezifunekayo ukuze kugcinwe utywala emifuleni yegazi. I-cirrhosis ilawulwa kakuhle yi-gastroenterologist okanye i-hepatologist, ngubani onokumisela amayeza okunciphisa iimpawu. Ekubeni i-cirrhosis iyisigaba sokuphela kwesifo sesibindi, abanye abantu bangadinga ukufakelwa kwesibindi.
  
• Ukutshitshiswa kweSeptic yimbangela yesifo esinamandla kunye nokuphendula komzimba ngomzimba. Ingabangelwa yimibhobho yebhaktheriya kwigazi. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukunyanga intsholongwane, kodwa ukunyamekela-kuquka i-intravenous (IV) yamanzi kunye nemichiza yokuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi (i-vasopressors)-ngamanye amaxesha kuyadingeka de ube usendleleni yokubuyisela.

ILizwi

Ukuba ufumana iziqwenga zokungcola okanye ukukhanya okukhawulezayo xa utshintshe isikhundla, unokuba ne-postural hypotension. Ukuba usanda kuqalisa iyeza elitsha, kufuneka ucele ugqirha wakho ukuba ingaba yinto. Qiniseka ukuba uhlale u-hydrated kakuhle xa usebenza ngamandla kwiqondo lokushisa kakhulu kwaye xa uxhatshazwa yi-bug esiswini kunokubangela ukuhlanza okanye urhudo. Ukuba ukhatywe kwaye uzive udidekile, jonga umqeqeshi wezempilo unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubone ukuwa kwexabiso elikhulu kwigazi lakho. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu xa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza okanye xa kusisiphumo sesinye isifo.

> Imithombo:

> Anaphylaxis. (nd). Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/anaphylaxis.aspx

> I-Freeman R. Clinical practice. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. N Engl J Med . 2008 Feb 7. 358 (6): 615-24. [I-Medline].

> Mathias CJ. Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-nervous autonomic. I-Neurology kwiZenzo zoKliniki . I-Boston, iMisa: Inqanawa-Heinemann; 1996. 1953-81.

> Mukai S, uLipsitz LA. I-Orthostatic hypotension. KwiKlinikhi. Geriatr. Med. 18 (2), 253-268 (2002).

> Oner T, Guven B, Tavli V, Mese T, Yilmazer MM, Demirpence S. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (i-POTS) kunye ne-Vitamin B12 Ukunqongophala kwi-Adolescents. Pediatrics . 2014 Jan. 133 (1): e138-42.