Xa i-Misdiagnection is Made, Wonke umntu Uhla
Abantu abaninzi abayizithulu kwisizukulwana sam - kodwa kungekhona bonke - basinda kwixesha eliza kubangela ukuba bachithe naluphi na amathuba abaya kuba nawo ngobomi obuqhelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, asizange siphathwe kakubi njengokuba silahlekile. Kwangexesha elide, kude kube malunga nee-1970, abanye abantu abayizithulu babedlalwa ngenye indlela njengengqondo yokulibala, kunye nemiphumo emibi. Ezi zizithulu ezizithulu zakhula kumaziko - amakhaya abo abagulayo okanye abagula ngengqondo - abangenakho ukufikelela kolwimi. Ngelo xesha bafunyanwe ukuba bezithulu, bengalindelanga, kwakudla ngokukhawuleza ukuba bahlasele ubomi babo. Yonke imali ezuzwe kumacala ayinakubuyisela abantwana abalahlekileyo okanye abanikeze izakhono zolwimi ezifunekayo ukuze baphile kuluntu.Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abantwana abatsha abayizithulu babehlala befumana iimvavanyo zengqondo ezingafanelekanga ukuvavanya abantwana abayizithulu kunye nangenxa yokungazi ngokulula ngokungazithulu. Oku kwakuthiwa kubhekiswe kwiincwadi kwilifa lezithulu, njengeencwadi ngeHarlan Lane (1984).
Imiba echazwe kwi-News Media
Le mizekelo yamaphepha epapasho ebika ingxelo kubantu abazizithulu abangafumaniyo:- Umzekelo kaMattie Hoge - uMattie Hoge wayengumfazi oyisithulu owaye waxhatshazwa ngo-1929 okanye ngo-1930, kwaye wayesebenza kwiziko laseHolen yaseHoleni ngenxa yokulibala iminyaka engama-57 ade afunyanwe. I-Hoge yayingakhange ihlolwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye leyo yeso sizathu sokungahambi kakuhle. Ingxelo eWashington Post ngoSeptemba 14, 1985, kunye nebali lokulandelela ngoFebruwari 6, 1988, iphepha b.04.
- Kwimeko yendoda eNew York - Ngowe-1984, ilizwe laseNew York lalahlekelwa ngumgwebo egameni lomntu oyisithulu owachitha iminyaka ecishe ibe lishumi emakhaya ngenxa yokulahlwa. INew York kufuneka ihlawule le ndoda isibini sezigidi zeedola. Icala labikwa eNew York Times , ngoJanuwari 14, 1982, iphepha B2.
- Elinye icala laseNew York - uJoseph McNulty, owazalwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60 ubudala, wafunyaniswa kakubi njengalokhu wayelahlwa ngo-1966.
- EBoston, eMassachusetts, ngo-1964, indoda engumfama oyisithulu, uJoseph del Signore, yafunyanwa kwiprogram yesibhedlele yengqondo. Le ngxelo yaxelwa kwiWashington Post / Times Herald , ngoDisemba 18, 1964, iphepha A1.
- E-Tulsa, e-Oklahoma, inkwenkwe engenathulu, eneminyaka eyi-17 ubudala, yafunyanwa emva kweminyaka eyi-12 kwisikolo sokulibala, ngo-1965. Le ngxelo yaxelwa kwiWashington Post / Times Herald , ngoDisemba 20, 1965, iphepha A1.
- I- Beacon Journal (i-Akron, e-Ohio) yabika ngoMeyi 30, 2002 malunga nomntu oneminyaka engama-48 ubudala oyisithulu owayesevalele iminyaka yakhe eyi-18 yokuphila kwindlu yokulibala emva koogqirha wacebisa abazali bakhe ukuba bamise umntwana wabo.
Iincwadi Ngeempembelelo ze-Misdiagnosis
Okungenani omnye osindayo osisithulu wabhala incwadi malunga nayo. Oku ngoku kungapapashwa kwencwadi epapashwe nguGallaudet University Press ndinguNgcaciso ka-87: Ingxaki yokuLawula iziNdlovu, ukuPhathwa kweziNtu kunye nokuShatshazwa (ASIN 1563680920), ngo-Anne Bolander no-Adair Renning. I-Bolander yayiphathwa kakubi njengomntwana kwiminyaka yama-1960 kwaye yachitha iminyaka emithandathu ukuya kutsho iminyaka eyi-12, kwisikolo esikhethekileyo apho wayephathwa kakubi khona. UBolander wasinda kuloo mava waza wahamba waya kwiikholeji.Enye incwadi, ingabonakali ngokwabo, ngaba abantwana abanenkalipho: Amaqiniso okwenyaniso ngabantu abancinci abenza umehluko (ISBN 0915793393) nguBarbara A. Lewis. Le ncwadi ichaza njengenye yokuhlanganiswa kwamabali, ibali lekontsi engenazithulu eyatshelwa ukuba iyalithwa njengomntwana.
Incwadi yesithathu yi- Dummy (1974) (NGOKUNYE 0316845108), ngo-Ernest Tidyman. Le ncwadi ichaza intlungu yomntu oyisithulu ongazange afunde nayiphi na ilwimi, kwaye wamangalelwa ngokubulala kwaye wafakwa emakhaya ngenxa yokulibala.
Incwadi yesine nguThixo Uyazi igama lakhe: Inyaniso Eyinyaniso kaJohn Doe No. 24 , nguDave Bakke (i-ISBN 0809323273).
Le ncwadi ibalisa ibali lomntu oyisithulu ongaziwayo oye wafunyanwa kwinkqubo yezempilo yase-Illinois. Wabekwa ekhayeni ngenxa yokulahlwa emva kokungahambi kakuhle kwe-1945 (akucaci kwinqanaba leencwadi ukuba wayemdala okanye umntwana xa efunyenwe).
Ezinye Iimpawu eziziwayo ze-Misdiagnosis
Umculi ongenathulu uKathy Buckley uhlala exelela abaphulaphuli ukuba wayedlulwe kakubi njengomntwana oneminyaka emithandathu ubudala. Ngethamsanqa, impazamo yafunyanwa ngethuba elinesibhozo ubudala. Unomntu ngokwakhe, Ukuba Unokuva Oko Ndikubonayo: Izifundo NgoBomi, Intsanqa kunye neZiko esizenzayo (NGOKUNYE 052594611X). Umculi oyisithulu, u-Joan Popovich-Kutscher, wayengafumani kakuhle kwaye wakhishwa kwiziko elimalunga neminyaka emithathu ubudala de wayeneminyaka engama-9 ubudala. Umculi oyisithulu, uJames Moody, wayengazi kakuhle ePennsylvania njengomntwana omncinci.Umzekelo kwi-Entertainment Media ye-Misdiagnosis
Indawo yokuvula ye-(engekho kwividiyo) I-movie ye-TV kunye negama lakho nguYona wabonisa uYona osemncinane, umntwana osisithulu owayengacatshulwa kakubi njengexesha elide, ekulungele ukushiya isikhungo apho ayekhulile khona.Incwadi ethi Dummy ekhankanywe ngasentla yaba yikhiqiza le-TV ye-1979 yesihloko esifanayo, ejongene noVarar Burton. Ngaphezulu, ezinye iinkqubo zethelevishini zakuqala zazinamaphupha kunye nabantu abazizithulu bacinga ukuba balahlwa. Esinye isiqhelo sasiyiqhekeza elithi "The Foundling" kwisiqendu kwiWaltons ngowe-1972.
I-Misdiagnosis kwi-Modern Times
Ngelishwa, olu hlobo lwesifo esiluncedo luyaqhubeka kumazwe asathuthuka ngezikhathi ezithile. Akuqhelekanga nanamhlanje, ukufumanisa abantwana abayizithulu emakhaya ekukhutshweni kwengqondo kumazwe asakhulayo. Kwi-system yaseSoviet Union yinkqubo yezintandane, abantwana babesoloko bexatyiswa kakubi malunga neminyaka emine baze bathuthele emakhaya ngenxa yokulahlwa kwengqondo. Ngaphandle kwelizwe eliphambili lonyango efana neUnited States ayikhuseli ekungeneni. Incwadana ye-Disemba ka-1998 ye-Disability Advocates / Consultants yaseMzantsi Afrika yaseTexas yabika ukuba malunga no-1994, umntwana oye wabhalwa ngelo xesha efunyanwe ngengqondo wafunyaniswa ukuba unehleko lokuvavanya kwindlebe. Ukususela kwiindwendwe ezizithulu :
... Ndidibene nebali lakho malunga nezingane ezingaboniyo (izithulu, ezibhalwe phantsi). Ndakufumanisa ngxaki yam yokuva kwinqanaba lesi-2. Kwinqanaba lesi-4, utitshala wam wayenokundibetha kwaye undibize ndide, kuba andizange ndive. Wayengakholelwa ukuba ndisisithulu, wayecinga ukuba ndimnyamekela okanye uyisithulu. Bonke abantwana bam esiklasini befunda nabo besandicinga ukuba ndiyindoda.
Xa ndaphumelela esikolweni esiphakamileyo, kunye neRegents Scholarship, omnye wam esikolweni ofunda nabo (endiye ndiye esikolweni ukususela kwisikolo sogama) wandimisa ehholo ukuba ndidibanise, kwaye wathi kum uya kumangaliswa ukuba ndamnqoba ukuba uphando , njengoko wayecinga ukuba ndabuyiselwa. Ngelo xesha ndabona ukuba ubomi bam bonke babuthintekile ngenxa yolu titshala omnye.
... Ndazalelwa ngokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwaye akukho namnye owawuthabatha kuyo. Xa ndibekho kwibanga lokuqala, ootitshala babecinga ukuba ndithintela ngengqondo. Bacebisa abazali bam ukuba bangifake kwisiko lengqondo, abazali bam bathi wayengalindelekanga ukuba ufanele ufumane ingqwalasela kwaye ke uya kufumana. Ubawo wayifundise ngobusuku obubodwa oko ootitshala babefanele bandifundise kwiiveki ezintandathu. Ngomso ndandifundela utitshala kwaye wathi ndiyikhumbula ngekhanda. Wathumela kwiofisi ye nqununu apho ndafuneka ndifunde ngaphambili, ngasemva, naphakathi nasemva kwincwadi ngaphambi kokuba baqiniseke ukuba ndiyakwazi ukufunda. Babizela abazali bam eofisini. Ndiyicinge nje into endiyithethayo xa utata wamxelela ukuba kufuneka sihambe esikolweni. Yonke yobomi bam ndiye ndafuneka ndibonakalise kubantu ukuba andiyikhohlwa ingqondo. Ndineziphavayiza ezimbini ezandixelele ukuba bacinga ukuba ndithintekile ngokwengqondo kwaye omnye wamangaliswa kukuba andingekho.
Ngaba ungumntu ongumntu oyisisithulu owayengumntu osisithulu owayengacatshulwa njengengqondo yomntwana okanye ukuba umntu othile osapho aqondwa kakubi? Yabelana ngamava akho okanye amava olwalamano lwakho, kunye nabafundi abathandekayo.