I-eczema, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-atopic dermatitis, isifo esingasigqirha, esasigqithisa isikhumba esivame ukuvela ebuntwaneni buntwaneni kodwa singakwazi ukuqhubeka okanye ukuqala ukudala. Njengezinye izifo kunye nesifo se-asthma, i-atopic dermatitis ihlala isebenza kwiintsapho.
Iimpawu
I-eczema iqala ngokutsha njengento yokutshiza, xa ihlatywe, ikhuphuka kwi-rash. Ukukhawuleza kunokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni, nangona iindawo ezithile ziqhelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kuminyaka yomntu.
I-eczema ibonakala iqhambeka njengobomvu obomvu, okanye i-vesicles, ekwazi ukukhupha okanye ukukhahlela ngokuqhubekayo. Njengoko ulusu luqhubeka luhlatyathwa, luya kubonakala lukhuni okanye lucacisiwe.
Indawo ye-eczema emzimbeni incike kwixesha lomntu. Kwiintsana kunye nabantwana abancinane kakhulu, i-eczema idla ngokuquka ubuso, isifuba, nangemva kwe-scalp, kuba ezi ziindawo apho umntwana akwazi ukukhangela khona. I-eczema ayisoloko isenzeka kwingingqi ye-diaper, ngaphandle kokuba umntwana akwazi ukukhangela khona.
Kubantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala, indawo ye-eczema ihlala iquka isikhumba kwi-bend of the bows and behind the knees, kuba ezi ndawo "zincinci" ziyakhonywa lula. I-eczema inokubandakanya ubuso, iinkophezelo, kwaye ingancinci kwiintendelezo zezandla kunye neengcambu zeenyawo, ngakumbi kubantu abadala.
Kubantu abane-eczema, i-immune system igxininise ngakumbi kwi-allergies kunokulwa nezifo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ulusu lunentsholongwane engaphantsi-ukulwa neekhemikhali, ukunika iibhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo, i-fungus, kunye neentsholongwane ithuba elihle lokukhula okanye ukukhupha ulusu.
Ukoloni kunye nokusuleleka kwesikhumba ngo- Staphylococcus aureus bhakteria kunokudakalisa i-eczema kodwa unyango ngamayeza anokuthi uncede ukuphucula i-eczema.
Ukusuleleka kwefungal, njengengqungquthela, ixhaphake kubantu abane-eczema, ngokukodwa xa i-corticosteroid creams isetyenziswa rhoqo. Izifo ezitsholongwane zentsholongwane ziqheleke kakhulu kubantu abane-eczema, njenge-herpes infections kunye ne-molluscum contagiosum. Abantu abane-colonization kunye nentsholongwane ye-bacterial colonisation kunye / okanye intsholongwane banokuphucula iimpawu zabo ze-eczema ngokusebenzisa ukuhlamba i-bleach .
Unyango
Ukuphephelwa kwezinto ezibangelwa ukubetha kufuneka kube yinto ephambili ebalulekileyo kubantu abane-eczema. Gwema ukugqoka iimpahla ezinokucaphukisa isikhumba, ezifana noboya, inyiloni kunye nezinye izinto eziphathekayo. Izambatho zekoton kufuneka zityhutywe kwaye zihlanjwe nge-detergent encinci kunye nomjikelezo wokuhlambulula kabini. Ukusetyenziswa kweendwangu zokunciphisa kufuneka kugwenywe.
Nangona ukukhanya kwelanga okulumkileyo kunokuba luncedo kwi-eczema , ukutshatyalaliswa kwelanga ngaphezulu, okubangelwa ukushisa kwelanga, kufuneka kugwenywe. Ngoko ke, i-sunscreen ifanele isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kwesikhumba phambi kokuba naluphi na ixesha elide lokukhanya kwelanga.
Abantu abane-eczema enkulu kufuneka bavavanywe ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezilwanyana ezinobungakanani bokuhlola . I-Pet dander kunye nezidumba zothuli zindalo zityalo zendalo ezisoloko zonakalisa i-eczema. Kwaye ukutya okuqhelekileyo kokutya kunokudambisa i-eczema, ngakumbi-kubantwana.
Ukunyamekela kwesikhumba okuqala kuqala ngokunyusa okwaneleyo kunye ne-hydration, okuyehlisa ukunciphisa nokubunjwa kwe-eczema.
Ukunyuka kwesikhumba kugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kwesikhumba se-moisturizing creams. Ukuhlamba kunokuba luncedo xa kwenziwa ngendlela echanekileyo-imihla ngemihla inxibe kwindawo yokuhlambela yamanzi afudumele elandelwa ukusetyenziswa kancinci kancinci ekhatywayo ukusuka entloko ukuya enontsheni ngelixa ulusu lusemanzi.
Mayeza
Makhe sijonge kwiinkqubo ezimbalwa zonyango ezifumanekayo zonyango lwe-eczema:
- I-antihistamines yomlomo : Ukutshiza kungancinwa ngokukodwa ngokusetyenziswa kwama-antihistamine engaphantsi kwelanga okanye nge-antihistamines yokuhlala, njengeBenadryl (diphenhydramine) ebusuku. Ingxabano ukuba i-antihistamines iyakunceda unyango lwe-eczema.
- I-headical steroids : Le miyeza yonyango lokuqala lonyango lwe-atopic dermatitis kwaye iyafumaneka kwi-lotions, i-creams, i-ointments, kunye ne-foams okanye isisombululo (se-scalp). I-steroids yezihloko zifumaneka kwi-over-counter-counter and powers. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amayeza kwiifom zeoli zomeleleyo kuneefom ze-cream ezomeleleyo kuneefom zelotion. Imiphumo emibi, efana nokucuthwa kwesikhumba, ukunyunyuzwa, nokubunjwa kweempahla zegazi kungenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-steroids.
- Ama-creams angama-steroid: i-calicalurin inhibitors, e- Elidel (i-pimecrolimus) kunye ne-protopic (tacrolimus) , ayinayo i-steroid, imishanguzo yemveli evunyiweyo yokunyanga kwe-eczema kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emibini. Azingabangeli ukuguqulwa kweenguqu okanye ukuguquka kwengubo kwesikhumba, kunokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo ebusweni, kwaye kunokukunceda ukunciphisa inani le-steroid ye-topic efunekayo xa isetyenziselwa iimpawu ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, i-FDA inikwe le mishanguzo isilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama esekelwe kwiinkxalabo zokukhusela.
- I-Systemic (ngomlomo okanye injected) i-steroids : Ngokuqhelekileyo, iikhosi ezimfutshane zesistim (ngomlomo okanye ngejoyi) ii-steroids zifuneka ukufezekisa ukulawulwa kwe-eczema. Ulumkiso oluqingqiweyo kufuneka lusetyenziswe-ngelixa i-eczema ihamba kakuhle kwi-systemic steroids, "i-effect rebound" ingenzeka ngokugqithisa kwesikhumba kungekudala emva kokuba i-steroids imisiwe. Ukuba i-steroids yomlomo iyadingeka, idosi kufuneka ifakwe ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa le mngcipheko.
Umthombo:
ULeung DYM, uNicklas RA, Li JT, et al. Ukulawulwa kwezifo ze-Atopic Dermatitis: I-Parameter yokuSebenza yokuHlaziya. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol; 93: S1-21.