I-urticaria (imifuno) yimeko ekhuselweyo yesikhumba echaphazela ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini labantu ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Nangona ukuqhuma kwemihlathi emininzi kuya kuhamba ngaphandle kwonyango, abanye bangadinga unyango kunye nokuzinyamekela. Ukukhethwa kwonyango kusekelwe ngokusisiseko kwaye kungabandakanya ama-antihistamines angaphezulu kwe-counter, ama-corticosteroids, iziyobisi ezichasayo, iziza-mzimba zamanqatha, okanye i-bathing elula yokupholisa.
Zonyango
Uninzi lweziganeko ze- urticaria zihlobene ne-allergies. Impendulo ingabangela naliphi na inani lezinto, kuquka ukutya, izidakamizwa, impova, okanye izinto ezifana ne-latex okanye i-nickel. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile ezithintekayo-ezifana nokushisa, ukubandayo, uxinzelelo, ilanga, ukuzivocavoca, kunye nokugungqa-kunokususa impendulo yokuzivikela omzimba ekhokelela ekwakheni imihlathi.
Ukuzisusa nje kwi-trigger kunokunokwanela ukubonelela. Ngokubanzi, izilwanyana ezinzima zizodwa kwaye zivame ukuxazulula kwiiyure okanye iintsuku ezininzi ngaphandle kokonyango.
Ukuba imingxube ibaluleke kakhulu, ungasebenzisa umxube omanzi, obandayo ukukhupha i-itch kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Indlela elula yokwenza oku kukugcoba indwangu yokuhlamba kwisitya samanzi e-ice kwaye uyisebenzise ngqo kwesikhumba.
Ukuqhubela phambili ukunciphisa ukungonakali, gqoka ingubo evulekileyo eyenziwe ngekotoni okanye i-softwe, i-lightweight synthetic njenge-rayon. Gwema uboya, ilinen, i-denim, okanye nayiphi na intsimbi enokuthi ikhumbuze isikhumba.
Kufuneka uphinde ugweme ukuxhalabisa njengoko oku kunokwandisa iimpawu. Kwaye, nantoni na oyenzayo, musa ukukhangela.
I-Over-the-Counter (OTC) iziLungiso
Eyona ndlela yonyango, unyango wokuqala kumagodla yi- antihistamines . Basebenza ngokunciphisa i- histamine , ikhemikhali eyenziwa ngumzimba wokuzivikela omzimba okhuthaza iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba.
Kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-urticaria, i-anti-counter-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine inokubonelela ngokukhululeka.
Ngokungafani ne-antihistamine yesizukulwana esidala, izidakamizwa ezitsha ziqhelekanga zingabuthongo kwaye zingapheli ixesha elide iiyure ezingama-24. Ziquka:
- Allegra (fexofenadine)
- Claritin (loratadine)
- Xyzal (levocetirizine dihydrochloride)
- Zyrtec (cetirizine)
Imiphumo emibi ithambeke ibe yinyameko kwaye ibandakanye ukungcola, umlomo owomileyo, isisongela, ukumbomboza kunye nokukhwehlela.
I-Benadryl (i-diphenhydramine) , i-antihistamine endala, ngokuqhelekileyo igwenywa ngexesha lemini ngenxa yempembelelo yayo yokutsala kodwa ingakunceda ukuba ulale xa ukugcoba kukugcina ebusuku.
I-Histamine H2-receptor-antagonists , eyaziwa ngokuba yi-H2 blockers, enye iklasi yezilwanyana ngezinye izihlandlo esetyenziswa kwi-tandem ne-antihistamines. Ngokuqhelekileyo echanekileyo ukuphatha ukutshabalalisa, i-H2 blockers isebenza ngokunciphisa imithana yegazi kwesikhumba kwaye ngokwenza njalo, kunciphisa ubomvu nokuvuvukala. Ziquka ezo zixhobo ezidumile ze-OTC njenge:
Iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zibandakanya intloko, isisu, isifo sohudo, isisu, intlungu, kunye nokugqithisa.
Imigaqo
I-OTC antihistamines inokuba yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuphatha zonke iindibano ze-urticaria. Enyanisweni, ezinye iifom ezingapheliyo zingadinga imishanguzo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, ingakumbi ukuba i-trigger iyimvelo kunokuba igule.
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zi-antihistamines, i-corticosteroids, i-leukotriene modifiers, kunye ne-antioclonal antibody ngokuchanekileyo evunyiweyo i-urticaria engapheliyo.
Antihistamines
I-Clarinex (desloratadine) yi-antihistamine efana neClaritin ne-Zyrtec kodwa enye ifumaneka kuphela ngomyalelo. Kusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunokuba iifom ze-OTC kwaye zifaneleke ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukuxhaphaka.
Ukuba ngaba i-antihistamines engabambezelekiyo ihluleka ukubonelela, ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-Vistaril (i-hydroxyzine inxaxheba) ukuba ithathwe ngexesha lokulala. I-antihistamine eqinile esetyenziselwa ukuphatha uluhlu oluninzi lweempatho zesikhumba ezibandakanya i-urticaria engapheliyo, dermatitis yokudibanisa kunye ne-histamine ehlobene ne-pruritus.
Iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zibandakanya intloko, isisu esicasulayo, kunye nombono ophazamisekileyo.
Corticosteroids
Ukuba i-antihistamines ayiphumeli ukubonelela ukukhulula nakwizinga eliphezulu okanye ukudala iziphumo ezinokubandezeleka, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukukuphatha nge- corticosteroids ukukhawuleza ukukhupha ukukhukhumeza nokuhlambalaza.
I-Corticosteroids yile steroid eyenziwe ngumntu iyakwazi ukunciphisa i-immune system ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke isizathu sokuba i-allergen okanye i-autoimmune (ezo zombini zixhaswa ngamasosha omzimba), i-corticosteroids "iyawubetha" iimpawu xa ezinye iziyobisi zingenako. I-Prednisone ixhaphake ngokuqhelekileyo kule nto kwaye inokuhanjiswa okanye nge-injection okanye kwifom yepilisi.
I-Corticosteroids ingasetyenziselwa ukunyangwa kwexesha elifutshane ngenxa yengozi yemiphumo emibi, kuquka i-osteoporosis, glaucoma, nesifo sikashukela.
Leukotriene Modifiers
I-leukotriene modifiers izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-asthma. Basebenza ngokuthintela ukukhululwa kwe-leukotriene, into engabangeli nje ukunciphisa iindinyana zomoya kodwa ikhuthaza ukuvuvukala.
Ngokuchukumisa umphumo wokugqibela, i-leukotriene modifiers ibonakala iyasebenza ekuphatheni iindlela ezithile ze-urticaria (ngokukodwa ezo zibangelwa kukutya okanye i-aspirin) kwakunye neendlela ezingapheliyo (ezifana ne- urticaria ye-cholinergic ).
I-leukotriene modifiers ingasetyenziselwa yedwa okanye inxulumene ne-antihistamine. Ezi zikhethi zimbini ezicetyiswayo ziquka:
- I-Accolate (zafirlukast)
- Singulair (montelukast )
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo zokuguqula i-leukotriene ziquka intloko, isisongulu, ukuhlanza, ukungazinzi, kunye nokugwenxa.
Doxepin
I-Doxepin yi-tricyclic antidepressant eyenziwa njenge-antihistamine enamandla. Xa kunqunywe kwi dose ephantsi, i-doxepin inokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ekuphatheni imifuno eqhubekayo kunye nemvelaphi engaziwayo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-chronic idiopathic urticaria).
I-Doxepin kufuneka isetyenziswe phantsi kolawulo lwezonyango njengoko kuyaziwayo kubangela iingcinga zokuzibulala kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala abasenomlando wokudakumba okanye esinye isifo sengqondo. Ezinye iziphumo ezichaphazelayo ziquka ukulala, umlomo owomileyo, ukungcola, ikhanda, ukukhathala, utywala, kunye nokuguquka kwemizwelo.
I-Doxepin ekuthengiswe phantsi kwamagama amanqaku ahlukeneyo kuquka iSilenor, iZonalon, ne-Prudoxin.
Xolair (Omalizumab)
I-Xolair (i-omalizumab) isilwanyana esisinyakayo esasikelwe kubantu abane-asthma abangakwazi ukuphendula kwi-corticosteroids. Ngoku kutshanje, kuvunyelwe ukunyanga idiopathic urticaria engapheliyo ukuba zonke ezinye izigulane ziye zahluleka.
I-Xolair yintsholongwane ye- monoclonal ekhusela iprotheni, eyaziwa ngokuba yi- immunoglobulin E (IgE) , edlala indima ephambili kwintlungu kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-urticaria kunye ne-dermatitis. Xa kuthethwa oko, izazinzulu aziqinisekanga ukuba i-Xolair isebenze njani njengemihlathi engapheliyo ngokuqhelekileyo ayikho into echaphazelekayo okanye ifuthe ngqo kwi-IgE.
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya ukuxhamla isayithi nokuvuvukala, ukukhwehlela, ukungcola, ukukhathala, ukunyamekela kwentliziyo, kunye nokuqina kwesifuba.
Amachiza aManyanisiweyo ancedisayo (CAM)
Ngelixa amayeza amaninzi amancedisayo kunye namayeza (CAMs) acetywayo ukuba aphathe urticaria ephazamisayo kwaye engapheliyo, ubungqina obunjalo bube buthathaka. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwi-urticaria engapheliyo apho ukuqonda kwethu kwimeko engenako.
Amanye ama-CAM ayenakho kuphela ukuba angenasisombululo, angayenza ngcono iimpawu kunokuziphucula. Omnye umzekelo unjengomngcingo , isisiphelo semvelo esithathwa njenge-reming remedy. Ngaphandle kwezi zibango, i-curcumin (isithako esinika i-turmeric umbala wakhe ophuzi) sele saziwa ngokubangela ukuba uxhumane ne-dermatitis kunye ne-urticaria engapheli kwabanye abantu.
Ezinye izigulane zezolimo, ezifana ne- aloe vera gel , zinganciphisa i-itch kodwa akunakuze zenze nantoni na ngaphandle kwe-compress epholileyo.
Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa isongezelelo okanye unyango lendabuko lwaluphi na uhlobo, qiniseka ucebise ugqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayikusebenzisana namachiza onokuthi uthathe. (I-St. John's Wort, umzekelo, unokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-antihistamines egazini lakho).
Phakathi kwezinye iindlela zokuncedisa ezinokunceda:
Amanzi e-Oatmeal aseColloidal
Ukuba ukutshabalala nokuvuvukala kukukhohlise, uhlobo olukhawulezayo lokuphucula lunokuba ibhedi yokupholisa. Ngokukhawuleza kuncitshisa imithana yegazi ehlanjululwayo kunye nefuthe leempawu zesifo segazi. Esinye isongezelelo esinokukunceda ekukhuliseni ukuvuvukala kwendawo i-oatmeal ye-colloidal.
Nangona uphando lwangoku alukugqithisi, ezinye iincwadana ezincinci zicebise ukuba i-oatmeal ye-colloidal-i-oatmeal ephosiweyo enqambileyo kwi-liquid, i-gel, okanye i-cream-inokunciphisa ubunzima bokubetha xa ithambisa ilusu. Lifumaneka ngokubanzi njengongeziweyo lokuhlamba okanye isilwanyana esithobisayo.
Ukufumana uncedo olongezelelweyo, gcina i-colloidal oatmeal lotion kwifriji xa i-bitch ifumana imbi kakhulu.
IiNtsholongwane zengqondo
Nangona uxinzelelo olungenzi "lubangela" i-urticaria nganye, kucacile ukuba inokuphucula impawu, ingakumbi kwiintsholongwane zexesha elide. Abantu baya kudla ukubuyela kwiingqondo zomzimba njengoko bevuma indima zethu iingcamango neemvakalelo zidlala kwimpilo yethu yonke kunye nembono yentlalo-ntle.
Ezinye iinkqubo zinokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo. Ziquka:
- Ukucamngca, okukufundisa indlela yokulungisa iingcamango zakho kwiimvakalelo zomzimba
- Ukuphefumula okuchukumisayo (pranayama), isenzo sokucamngca apho ugxininiso lwakho lujolise kwiindlela zokuphefumla
- Imifanekiso ekhokelwayo, apho udala imifanekiso engqondweni
- Ukuphumula kwe-muscle (Progressive relaxation) (PMR), apho ucinga ngengqondo kwaye ukhulule imisipha yakho enye
> Imithombo:
> Bernstein, J .; I-Lang, D .; Khan, D. et al. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokulawulwa kwe-urticaria enesifo esingapheliyo: ukuhlaziywa kuka-2014. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014; 133 (5): 1270-7. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.jaci.2014.02.036.
> De Silva, N .; Damayanthi, H .; Rajapakse, A. et al. I-leukotriene receptor antagonists ye-urticaria engapheliyo. I-Allergy Asthma Clinic Immunol. 2014; 10 (1): 24. INGXELO: 10.1186 / 1710-1492-10-24.
> Fadus, M .; Lau, C; Bikhchandani, J. et al. I-Curcumin: I-Agent anti-inflammatory ne-anti-neoplastic. J Tradit Complement Med . 2016; 7 (3): 339-346. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.jtcme.2016.08.002.
> Reynertson, K .; Garay, M .; Nebus, J. et al. Imisebenzi echasayo yokuvuvukala ye-colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) inegalelo ekusebenzeni kweeats ekwenzeni itchki ehambelana nolomileyo, olukhutshisayo isikhumba. J Izidakamizwa zeDermatol. 2015 Jan; 14 (1): 43-8.