Umbuzo:
Ndine-pacemaker eyasungulwa malunga neminyaka esibhozo edlulileyo. Ekugqibeleni kwam ekugqibeleni, ugqirha wam wandixelela ukuba ibhetri yam i-pacemaker iyancipha kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba ithathe indawo endaweni yeenyanga ezintandathu ezizayo. Kuhle, ndikulindele ukuba oku kwenzeke ngexesha elithile. Kodwa ugqirha uthi ukuba esikhundleni sokufaka nje ibhetri entsha, yonke i-pacemaker kufuneka isuswe, kwaye i-brand entsha ifakwe kuyo. Kutheni kungenako ukutshintsha indawo yebhetri kwi-pacemaker esele ndiyenayo, okanye ingcono, kodwa ibeka ibhetri ehlazileyo njengokuba ndikhoyo kwi-iPhone yami?
Impendulo: Le mibuzo iyancomeka. Masiqale ngokuphinda sihlolisise ngokukhawuleza ukuba yintoni i-pacemaker kunye nento eyenzayo. Emva koko siya kuphendula ngokuthe ngqo imibuzo yakho ethile malunga neebhetri ze-pacemaker.
Abapaki be-Pacemakers - Uhlaziyo olukhawulezayo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, injongo ye-pacemaker kukuthintela iimpawu ezivela kwisifo se-sinus syndrome okanye i- heart block , iimeko ezinganciphisa intliziyo yakho ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuvelisa iimpawu (ezifana nokuhamba komzimba , ukuphambanisa okanye i- syncope ).
I-pacemaker iqukethe ikhompyutha encinci kodwa eyinkimbinkimbi, imiyalelo yesofthiwe yekhompyutheni, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyutha, kunye nebhetri-zonke zifakwe kwisitya esincinci sensimbi. (I-pacemaker yesiqhelo namhlanje ifana nobukhulu beqhekeza engama-50, kunye namaxesha amathathu anzima.) Iipakemaker zivame ukufakwa phantsi kwesikhumba, ngaphantsi kwe-collarbone, kwaye zixhunywe zikhokelo-okanye iifowuni ezingenayo i-cardiac amagumbi.
I-pacemaker ijonge intliziyo yakho, isithwa-sitshitshi, kwaye yenza izigqibo zesikhashana-mzuzu malunga nokuba ingafanele ihambe intliziyo yakho. Ukuba izinga lakho lentliziyo liwela ngaphantsi kwexabiso elinqunywe ngaphambili, "iinyawo" ngokuthumela umbane omncinci wentliziyo yakho ngokukhokelela, ngaloo ndlela uvuselela intliziyo yakho ukuba ibetha.
Iinjineli ezizakhele iinjengezixhobo zazifanele zijongane neengxaki ezinzima, enye yeyona nto inzima kunokuba yintoni yokugcina i-pacemaker isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ngaphakathi komzimba womntu, iminyaka emininzi.
IQumrhu loLuntu liyiNdlu enobuNkokeli ku-Pacemaker
Ingaphakathi lomzimba womntu yindawo efudumeleyo, emanzi, neyomnyuba-indawo enobundlobongela kuyo nayiphi na ifowuni. Ngoko ke phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-pacemaker kufuneka ifakwe uphawu olusisigxina (ukugcina umswakama kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni), kwaye iinqununu zalo zobugcisa ezintle kufuneka zenziwe ukuze ziphile kwaye zisebenze kule ndawo enobunzima ixesha elide. Iinjineli zenze kakuhle kakhulu ekwakheni ezi zixhobo ukuba zihlale iminyaka emininzi, kwaye izinga lokungaphumeleli kwabaniki be-pacemakers, ngokubanzi, liphantsi kwe-1% emva kweminyaka emihlanu yokusetyenziswa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abanikezeli be-pacemakers bafakwe uphawu olusisigxina ukuze ba khusele ezi zixhobo kwiindawo ezinobungozi apho kufuneka basebenze khona. Ukuba i-pacemakers yayinokukwazi ukuvulwa ukuze ibhetri ishintshwe, ukutywinwa kwe-hermetic kwakungenakwenzeka. Endaweni yoko, ibhetri kufuneka isayinwe ngokusisigxina ngaphakathi kweso sixhobo, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izixhobo zecomputer.
Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza i-pacemakers kunye neebhetri ezithatha indawo.
Kutheni amaBhetri e-Pacemaker awabuyiswayo?
I-teknoloji yokubuyisela iibhetri ngaphandle kwentambo (inkqubo eyaziwa nangokuthi ityala lokutsala) ijikeleze iminyaka emininzi, kwaye ungathengela iifowuni ezingenasiphelo kwiifowuni zakho namhlanje.
Ngoko kutheni iinkampani ze-pacemaker zakha i-pacemaker ezihlawulelwayo?
Unokumangaliswa xa ufumanisa ukuba i-pacemakers yokuqala eyayisungulwa ngonyaka we-1958 yayineetribhethi e-Nickel-cadmium (NiCad) ehlawulelwayo, kwaye abaninzi abantu babekholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweetribhethi ezihlaziyiweyo kuya kuhlala kuyimfuneko ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha.
Aba benzi be-pacemakers bahlaziywa ngokubamba i-coil yokukhupha phezulu kwesikhumba, kufuphi ne-pacemaker, kwiiyure eziliqela. Le nkqubo yafuneka iphindwe rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
Iimvumi ezihlaziyiweyo ezingapheliyo ekugqibeleni zahluleka ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, nangona i-rechargeable, iibhetri zeNiCad zinomsebenzi omfutshane wokuncedisa ubomi, ngoko ke aba bahlaziyi bafuna ukutshintshwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Kodwa mhlawumbi kubaluleke ngakumbi, ngokubaluleka komuntu ukuba yiyiphi into, abantu abanama-pacemaker ngamanye amaxesha bahluleka ukuhlaziya iifowuni zabo ngokulandela ishedyuli esinzulu esabekwa kubo. Amagqwetha ayazisa iinkampani ze-pacemaker ukuba ukuba isigulane sinobuhlungu ngenxa yokuba i-pacemaker yakhe yayeka ukusebenza-nokuba ukuhluleka kwakuyinkcaso yenkampani okanye ngenxa yokuba isigulane sasigxininiswa ukuvuselela eso sixhobo - izigwebo ezilandelayo ziza kuvelisa i-bankruptcy.
Kwiminyaka embalwa, ibhetri ye-mercury-zinc yasungulwa eyayiza kugcina i-pacemaker iya kwiminyaka emibili. Kungekudala emva koko, iibhetri ze-lithium-iodide zaphuhliswa ezinokuthi zenze i-pacemaker ide ngaphezu kweyo: iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10. Ngoko i imfuneko yokunyusa i-pacemaker ehlawulelwayo iyancipha, ngelixa iingozi ezisisondeleyo zokugweba.
Ndiyabulela kokubili uphuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe kunye nomsebenzi wezomthetho, abavuseleli abahlaziyileyo baphoswa ngokukhawuleza.
Kutheni Akunakwenzeka Ukuba Benze Iibhetri ZePakemaker Ekude Zide Kangakanani Kunokuba Zenza Ngoku?
Inyaniso kukuba, banokwenza iibhetri ze-pacemaker ezigcina ixesha elide kunokuba zenzeke ngoku. Enyanisweni, kwiminyaka yama-1960 kunye neye-1970, iinkampani ezimbalwa ze-pacemaker zenze i-pacemaker ene-nuclear-power enabled pacemakers eyayixhaswa yi-plutinium-238-enesigamu seminyaka eyi-87-ngoko ke aba bahlaseli baqinisekisiwe ukuba bangaqhubeki " ngexesha lokuphila kwesigulane. Enyanisweni, ezimbalwa zala ma-pacemaker zisenokusebenza namhlanje.
Kwakukho iingxaki ezibonakalayo ezikhuselekileyo zenyukliya: okokuqala, iputonium yinto enesifo esinobuthi, kwaye nangona inani elincinci livuza emanzini, ukufa kwakuza kubakho ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iputonium ngokucacileyo yinto enomdla omkhulu kumagunya (kunye nakwizinto ezimnyama kwimpucuko yethu), abantu ababenabo bahlaseli be-pacemaker bajamelene neengxaki, ngokomzekelo, xa bezama ukuhamba phesheya kwezilwandle. Oogqirha abafakela ezi zixhobo bafunwa, phantsi komgaqo ogunyaziswe yiKomishoni yokuLawula iNyukliya, ukubuyisela abanikezeli be-pacemaker ekufeni kwesigulane, oko (kuba izigulane zisuka kunye noogqirha behlala phantsi) zazingenakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo.
Kukho ingxaki ecacileyo kunye nabaqhubi be-batemaker abanokuhlala "ngonaphakade." Inyaniso kukuba zonke izixhobo zecomputer ziye zahluleka.Izixhobo zombane ziphuka, okanye ziphela nje xa i-pacemaker ihluleka ngenxa yokuba ibhetri iphela, ubuncinci Isiganeko esilindelekileyo, njengoko utsho wena, ugqirha wakho uyazi ukuba ibhetri yakho ye-pacemaker iya kuphumelela kunyaka ozayo okanye kunjalo, kwaye ngoko ke uhlela i-pacemaker yokukhethwa ngokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo. amanye amashishini asekhompyutheni ngaphakathi kwayo ngokukhawuleza ayeka ukusebenza ..., ukuba ukuhluleka kwe-pacemaker kungaba yintlekele. Kungokuyeka ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso-kwaye unokuba nobunzima obukhulu.
Ukuba iinkampani zaqala ukuzakhela iimvutha ezithatha amabhethri ahlala ixesha elide kuneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10, kunye neendidi zezinto zecomputer ezikhoyo namhlanje, abaninzi abanokukhuseleka beza kubandezeleka ngokukhawuleza. Kunoko, i-pacemakers yenzelwe ukuba isigaba sokuqala esinokuthi "siphumelele" ibhetri, kwaye ekubeni "ukungaphumeleli" kunokuxelwa kwangaphambili kwexesha, ifowuni ingatshintshwa ngaphambi kokuyeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Kuyakwenzeka, kunjalo-kwaye mhlawumbi-nokuba nakwixesha elizayo, ezinye izakhi zekhompyutheni ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukuba zenze i-pacemakers ziza kuba zinamandla ngakumbi ngaphandle kokuba zivumeleke izindleko. Xa loo mini ifika, oonjiniyela bangayila iibhetri eziya kuhlala zide kakhulu kunokuba zenza namhlanje.
Kodwa ngekhnoloji yanamhlanje, i-pacemaker eyenza iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10 ibe yindlela yobunjineli "indawo enothabathekileyo" - ngoku.
ILizwi
Abapaki bemimandla bayimimangaliso yobunjineli, kwaye ukuphumelela kwabo nokunyaniseka kuye kwaphucuka ngokugqithiseleyo ekubeni ezi zinto zaqala ukuveliswa. Kodwa kukho indawo yokuphucula. Uninzi lophando nophuhliso lwenziwa ngabavelisi be-pacemaker ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezilula ukuzifaka, zikhuselekileyo, kwaye ziya kuhlala ixesha elide kunokuba zenza namhlanje - mhlawumbi, kubomi bomntu owamkela omnye.
> Imithombo:
> Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. U-ACCF / u-AHA / HRS Uhlaziyo olujolisiweyo lwee-2008 Izikhokelo zonyango ezisekelwe kwiCandelo le-Cardiac Rhythm Ukungavumelekanga: Ingxelo ye-American College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association Task Force kwiZikhokelo zokuSebenza kunye ne-Heart Rhythm Society. Ukuhamba ngo-2012; 126: 1784.