I-Cardiac Electrical System kunye nendlela Intliziyo Ebetha ngayo

Inkqubo yombane yintliziyo ibaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi wentliziyo. Inkqubo yombane inquma izinga lentliziyo (ukukhawuleza intliziyo ibetha), kwaye iququzelele kwaye iququze ukubetha kweentliziyo zentliziyo, ukuze intliziyo isebenze ngokufanelekileyo ngentliziyo nganye.

Ukungaqhelekanga kwindlela yokusebenza yombane kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ngentlawulo yenhliziyo (ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu), okanye kunokuphazamisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwentliziyo - nokuba iisifuba zeentliziyo kunye neepavini ziqhelekileyo.

Ukuthetha ngesistim somzimba kunye neengcamango ezingavamile zentliziyo kunokudideka kakhulu. Xa sithetha ngesifo senhliziyo, abaninzi abantu bacinga ngemibhobho ye-coronary blocked ingabangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isidingo sokuhlinzwa ngonyango. Sekunjalo, iingxaki zesistim sombane zingenzeka nangona intliziyo yakho iqhelekile.

Kunceda ukufanekisa intliziyo yakho njengendlu, kunye nesistim somzimba wakho wombane njengombane wombane ekhaya lakho. Unokuba neengxaki kwi-wiring yakho yekhaya nangona ikhaya lakho njengesakhiwo liqhelekileyo. Ngokufanayo, intliziyo yakho ingaba yinto eqhelekileyo kodwa ingxaki yombane inokubangela ukuvelisa isandi senhliziyo engavamile.

Isifo senhliziyo singakhokelela kwisimo senkunkuma senhliziyo yakho, njengokuba indlu eyonakaliswe kwingqungquthela okanye umkhukula ingaba neengxaki kumbane wombane. Enyanisweni, umonakalo kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa ukufa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, nangona umonakalo entliziyweni obangelwa kukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kubumnene okanye kuluhlu. Le ngenye yezizathu zokudala iCPR kunye nokufikelela kuma-defibrillators. Ukuba intliziyo yomculo ingabuyiselwa, ezinye zezifo zentliziyo (kunye nezinye izizathu ze-arrhythmias) ziyasinda.

Makhe sijonge indlela inkqubo yegesi yomzimba eyenza ngayo ukwenza intliziyo yakho ibethe, kunye neemeko zonyango ezinokuchaphazela ukuphawula kwakho.

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Isingeniso kwiCardiac Electrical Signal

Intliziyo ivelisa uphawu lwalo lwamandla kagesi (olubizwa ngokuba ngumtsalane wamandla kagesi), oluya kubhalwa ngokubeka i-electrodes esifubeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- electrocardiogram (ECG, okanye EKG).

Uphawu lwegesi lwegesi lulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, ekubeni ngamnye umbane ugxala intliziyo enye, inani leempembelelo zombane lilawula izinga lentliziyo . Kwaye okwesibini, njengoko uphawu lombane "lusasazeka" entliziyweni, lubangela imisipha yenhliziyo ukuba ivumelane ngokulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo, ngaloo ndlela idibanisa intliziyo nganye kwaye iqinisekise ukuba intliziyo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokusemandleni.

Isibonakaliso sombane senhliziyo siveliswa ngesakhiwo esincinane esaziwa njenge- node yesusus , esekwindawo ephezulu ye-atrium efanelekileyo. (I-anatomy yekamelo lamagumbi kunye neepavini ziquka ezimbini i-atria phezulu kwintliziyo kunye nama-ventricles amabini ezantsi),

Ukusuka kwinqanaba le-sinus, uphawu lwombane lusasazeka kwi-atrium elungileyo kunye ne-atrium ekhohlo (iimbumba ezimbini eziphezulu zentliziyo), obangela ukuba i-atria ingenise isivumelwano kunye nokunyusa umthwalo wayo wegazi kwii-ventricle ezifanelekileyo (ezantsi ezimbini amagumbi entliziyo). Uphawu lombane lugqithisa i- AV node kwi-ventricles, apho kubangela ukuba i-ventricles ivumelwano.

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Iimpawu zeCardiac Electrical Signal

Umzobo 1: Iimpawu zesistim sombane wenhliziyo kuquka i-node ye-sinus (SN) kunye ne-atrioventricode node (i-AV node) iboniswe apha. Ukusuka kwombono wombane, intliziyo inokucingelwa nje ngokuba ihlukaniswe zibe ziqephu ezimbini: i-atria (amakamelo aphezulu) kunye neepriricle (amagumbi aphantsi). Ukwahlula i-atria kwi-ventricle yi-"disc" enefuthe. Le diski (ebhalwe nge-disk AV kwi-figure), inqanda ukuhamba kwesiganeko sombane phakathi kwe-atria kunye ne-ventricles. Indlela yodwa isalathisi esinokuyifumana kwi-atria ukuya kuma-ventricle yi-AV node. Kulo nani:

• SN = i-sinus node
• AVN = AV node
• RA = i-atrium efanelekileyo
• LA = i-atrium ekhohlo
• RV = i-ventricle efanelekileyo
• LV = i-ventricle ekhohlo
• I-TV = i-valve ye-tricuspid (i-valve ehlukanisa i-atrium elungileyo kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo)
• I-MV = i-valve valve (i-valve eyahlula i-atrium ekhohlo ukusuka kwi-ventricle engasekhohlo)

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I-Cardiaac Signal Signal Isasazeka Ngaphandle kweAtria

Umzobo wesi-2: Impembelelo yombane ivela kwi-node yesusus. Ukususela apho, isasazeka kuzo zombini i-atria (iboniswe ngemigca eluhlaza emfanekisweni), kubangela ukuba i-atria ivumelwano. Oku kuthethwa ngokuthi "ukuguqulwa kwamatyala."

Njengoko umgudu wombane udlula i-atria, ivelisa u-"P" umtsalane kwi-ECG. (Umbane we-P uboniswa ngumgca obomvu obomvu kwi-ECG ukusuka kwicala lasekhohlo).

I-Sinus bradycardia ("u-brady" ithetha ukuphuza) yona nto ibangela isantya senhliziyo ephantsi, kwaye ibangelwa yi-node yaseMzantsi Afrika yokudubula ngentlawulo ephantsi. I-Sinus tachycardia ("i-tachy" ithetha ngokukhawuleza) ibhekisela kwisantya senhliziyo esiphuthumayo kwaye ingabangelwa yi-node yaseMzantsi Afrika eqhuma isamba sokwanda.

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I-Cardiac Electrical Signal ifinyelela kwi-AV Node

Umzobo wesi-3: Xa umbane ugesi ufinyelela kwi-dis disc, umisiwe, ngaphandle kwe-AV node. Ukunyanzeliswa kukuhamba nge-AV node ngokukhawuleza. Umgca obomvu obomvu kwi-ECG kulo mfanekiso ubonisa ixesha eliphambili le-PR.

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I-Cardiac Electrical Signal ihamba kwi-Ventricles

Umzobo we-4: Inkqubo yokuqhuba i-AV ekhethekileyo iqulethe i-AV node (AVN), "isithandwa sakhe," kunye namagatsha asekunene nasekhohlo (RBB kunye neLBB). I-AV node iqhuba umfutho wombane ngokukhawuleza kwaye uyayidlulisela kwisithandwa sayo (esichazwa "ngeengxaki"). Umthwalo wakhe ungena kwi-diski ye-AV, kwaye udlulisela umqondiso kumasebe asekunene nakwesobunxele. Amagatsha asekunene nakwesobunxele, abuye athumele umbane wecala kwii-ventricle ezilungileyo kunye nekhohlo, ngokulandelanayo. (Le nani ibonisa ukuba i-LBB ngokwayo iyahlula kwi-fascicle yangasese yangaphandle (i-LAF) kunye ne-left-fascicle yangasemva (LPF).

Ngenxa yokuba iinjongo zihamba ngokuthe ngcembe nje nge-AV node, kukho isikhashana kumsebenzi wombane kwi-ECG, ekubhekiswa kuyo njengexesha le-PR. (Ixesha le-PR libonakaliswe kwi-ECG kuMfanekiso 3). Le "khefu" kwizenzo ivumela i-atria ukuba ivumelwano ngokugcwele, ichithe igazi layo kwii-ventricles ngaphambi kokuba i-ventricles iqalise ukuthenga isivumelwano).

Ingxaki naphi na le ndlela ukusuka kwi-AV node ingabangela ukungaqhelekanga kwi-ECG (kunye neengqiqo zenhliziyo).

I-block ye-AV (i- block block ) yenye yezona zibini ezibangela ixabiso lentliziyo ephantsi (bradycardia). Kukho ama-degrees ahlukeneyo, kunye nebhodi yesithathu ye-heart degree ebunzima kakhulu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna i-pacemaker.

Ubunjengebhokisi lobuchopho buya kwenzeka kwisebe elungileyo okanye kwisebe lesokunxele, kunye nalawo asebefestile kwesebe elisekhohlo ludla kakhulu. Iibhloko zegatsha zesebe zingabakho ngenxa yesizathu esicacileyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zenzeka xa intliziyo ibonakaliswe ngenxa yokuhlaselwa intliziyo okanye ezinye iimeko zesifo. Enyanisweni, isebe lesekhohlo esisekhohlo elivela kwintliziyo yeyona nto ibangela imbangela yokufa kwegazi ngokukhawuleza.

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I-Cardiaac Signal Signal Isasazeka Ngaphandle Kwee-Ventricles

Umzobo wesi-5: Lo mfanekiso ubonisa ukunyanzeliswa kombane okusasazeka kwii-ventricle ezilungileyo kunye nekhohlo, okwenza la makamelo asebenze. Njengoko uphawu lombane luhamba ngeepriricric, luvelisa "i-QRS complex" kwi-ECG. Inkqubo ye-QRS iboniswe ngumgca obomvu obomvu kwi-ECG engezantsi.

Ngale ndlela, inkqubo yombane yentliziyo ibangela ukuba i-muscle yekhontrakthi ivumelane kwaye ithumele igazi kuzo zonke iziko zomzimba (nge-ventricle engasekhohlo) okanye kwimiphunga (nge-ventricle efanelekileyo).

Ngaphantsi kwiCardiac Electrical System kunye noMsebenzi weNhliziyo

Ukususela ekuqalisweni kwenhliziyo kwi-node yaseMzantsi Afrika, ngokuqhekeka kwee-ventricles, inkqubo yombane yomoya yenza intliziyo ivumelanise ngendlela edibeneyo, ikhulise ukusebenza kakuhle kwenhliziyo.

> Imithombo:

> Crawford MH, Bernstein SJ, Deedwania PC, et al. Izikhokelo ze-Acc / Aha I-Electrocardiography e-Ambulatory: Isishwankathelo seSigqeba kunye neNcomelo. Ingxelo Ye-American College of Cardiology / i-American Heart Association Umsebenzi Weqela Kwizikhokelo Zokusebenza (iKomidi Ukuhlaziya Izikhokelo Ze-Electrocardiography). Uhambo luka-1999; 100: 886.

> Fogoros RN, Mandrola JM. Iziphazamiso zeNhliziyo yesiRhythm: Imigaqo-siseko. Ku: I-Fogoros 'Electrophysiologic Testing. Wiley Blackwell, ngo-2017.