Ukungaphumeleli kweCardiorespiratory, Ukubetha, kunye nokuPhalazeka koButhongo kunokunceda
Kwimbali yamandulo yamaGrisi, Ukulala kwakuyi-twin umzalwana woKufa, abantwana beeNkulumkiso zobumnyama nobusuku obunemifanekiso. Kubonakala ngathi kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kokulala nokufa. Xa abantu befa ebuthongweni babo, kubonakala ngathi banokuthula kwaye bafuna ukuhamba. Kutheni abantu befa ebuthongweni babo? Hlola ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela ukulala kwezifo ezinjenge-apnea yokulala, ukugcoba, kunye nokungazinzi kungabangela umngcipheko ophezulu wokungavuki.
Xa Ukufa Kufika Ngobusuku
Sichitha enye yesithathu yobomi bethu belele, ngoko akufanele kusimangalise ukuba abantu abaninzi bafa belele. Kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kokufa ngobusuku (ngokukodwa xa usempilweni) kwaye usweleka xa ungenazicalulo kwisigaba sokugqibela sesifo esibulalayo. Abantu abadala kunye nalabo abagulayo abafa bayazitsholwa ngaphantsi kuncinci.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwisimo sokufa (kwikhaya ngokubhekiselele kwisibhedlele ngokuncedisa ukunakekelwa), ukufa kungacelwa ngugqirha. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba kwenziwe i-autopsy (okanye iboniswe) ngaphandle kokuba iimeko ezingavamile zikhoyo. Olu vavanyo lunokuba luncedo kubantu abadala okanye abantwana abafa ngokuzumkileyo kuluntu ngaphandle kokugula.
Kwanokuba i-autopsy ingabonakali. Isizathu sokufa asinakucaca. Isatifikethi sokufa sinokubangela izizathu ezingezizo: "Ukungaphumeleli komoya," "wafa ngenxa yezizathu zendalo," nokuba "ukuguga." Intsapho kunye nabahlobo bangashiywa bazibuza ukuba kwenzekani, kwaye kunokukunceda ukuqonda ezinye zezizathu lokufa okuvela ebuthongweni.
Ukubeka i-Traum Out Trauma, Environment, kunye neNdawo
Kwezinye iimeko, ukufa kubangelwa ngenxa yento ethile yangaphandle, ngokuthe ngqo kummandla okanye kwenye i-agent engaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, inyikima eyenza ukuwa kwesakhiwo ingakhokelela ekufeni okubuhlungu ebuthongweni. I-Carbon monoxide yetyhefu esuka kumoya ongeyiphutha kunye nomthombo wokufudumeza umbane onokuthi ungabandakanyeka. Ukubulala kungenzeka nakwixesha lokulala, kwaye ukubulala kungenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ebusuku.
Amachiza athatyathwa ukunyanga izifo zonyango, kuquka intlungu nokulala, angakwandisa umngcipheko wokufa. Oku kunokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi zi yobisi zithathwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ezifana nokugqithisela, okanye ngotywala. Izidanga kunye ne-opioids zinokutshintsha okanye ukuphefumula ukuphefumla. Iimeko ezibuhlungu njengomhlaza, umzekelo, zinokufuna amazinga e-morphine ekukhawulezeni inkqubo yokufa ngokuphefumula.
Makhe sicinge ngendalo, izizathu zangaphakathi ziyimbangela yokufa kwaye kugxininise kwiimeko eziphambili.
Ukugxininisa ukusilela kweNtliziyo kunye nemigodi
Kungaba luncedo ukucinga ngezizathu zokufa ngokubhekiselele kwi "Code Blue" engathiwa kwisibhedlele esibhedlele. Xa umntu efa-okanye ekungciphekweni kokufa-zikhona iinkqubo ezimbalwa ezixhasayo eziqhelekanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukungaphumeleli komsebenzi weentliziyo kunye nemiphunga kukusola.
Ukuphulukana nokuhluleka ukuphefumula kunganciphisa intsebenzo yentliziyo kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ukuhla komsebenzi wentliziyo, njengento yokuhlasela kwentliziyo, ngokukhawuleza kukuchaphazela ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo kwaye kungakhokelela ekuphelelweni kokuphefumula okukhawulezayo. Imiphunga ingaphinda izalise ngokukhawuleza njengenxalenye ye-edema ye-pulmati kwintliziyo engaphumeleli.
Xa uvavanya izizathu zokufa ebuthongweni, kunokuba luncedo ukuphonononga izizathu ezichaphazela iinkqubo ezimbini ezihambelanayo:
Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac
Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuthi umsebenzi wentliziyo unokugxininiswa ngexesha lokulala. Ukunyuka kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukulala , ngokukodwa, kunokuhlawulela inkqubo ngokunyuka kwengozi ngokusa. Kwakhona kubonakala kubonakala kwimeko ye-circadian yokukhubazeka kwentliziyo, kunye neengxaki zidla ngokukhawuleza ebusuku kwaye kufutshane nexesha lokuvuka.
Ukuhlaselwa kweentliziyo kwenzeka xa isitya segazi (okanye i-coronary artery) esinika izicubu ze-muscle zivaliwe kwaye izifo zenyama zonakaliswe okanye zifa. Ezi zingqinamba ze-myocardial zinokuvela kwimimiselo emincinci eyenza ukuphazamisa umsebenzi kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhokelela ekuphelelweni ngokupheleleyo kwenhliziyo njengepompo. Ukuba igazi alikwazi ukusasazwa, ezinye iisistim zomzimba zikhawuleza kwaye ziyafa.
Intliziyo inokufumana iziganeko ezingenakucala ezichaphazela inkqubo yombane. Ihlawuliso efunekayo ukucima imisipha ngendlela echanekileyo ingaphazamiseka. Ukuchasana kunokuba kungenangqamaniso, ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuphumelela kwenhliziyo kuthinteka.
IArrhythmias inokuba yinto ebangela ukufa ngexesha lokulala. U-Asystole uyisigqibo sokubanjwa kwenhliziyo xa umsebenzi wombane weentliziyo awukwazi ukufunyanwa. I-fibrillation ye-Atrial okanye i-flutter inganciphisa umsebenzi wentliziyo. Iimvumi ezifanayo ezifanayo, kuquka i-tachycardia ye-ventricular, ingaba yingozi. Iibhloko ze-cardiac ezichaphazela iphethini yamandla zingakhokelela entliziyweni kunye nokufa.
Ukungapheliyo kwintliziyo, ukungapheli kwintliziyo yesifo (CHF) kunokukhokelela ekuthotyeni kwentliziyo. Ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo ekhohlo kwangoko kuphazamisa inxalenye yentliziyo, okukhokelela ekubutheni kwamanzi kwimiphunga (ngokuphefumula okufutshane, ngakumbi xa elele) kunye nokuvuvukala ezinyaweni nasemilenzeni ebizwa ngokuthi i-edema yedolophu. Ukuba intliziyo ihlangabezana nomthamo wokugqithisa, ukukwazi ukujikeleza igazi kunokuphela.
Kubaluleke kakhulu, intliziyo inokuchaphazela ezinye iinkqubo ezithembele ekukwazi ukujikeleza igazi. Okugqithiseleyo, isingeniso senhliziyo esingaqhelekanga singakhokelela kwinqanawa ehamba kwiingqondo kwaye ibangele i-stroke. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi, lunokwandisa ingozi. Ukuba i-stroke ichaphazela i-brainstem, ukuphefumla, ukuvula amehlo, ukulawulwa kwemisipha, kunye nokuqonda kungacatshiswa. Ezi zibetho zingabulala kwaye zenzeke ngokulala.
Arrests
Iimboleko zizalisekisa umsebenzi wentliziyo kwaye zifana neqela, ukuba enye inkqubo iyahluleka, enye inokulandela ngokufutshane. Isifo se-pulmonary sisoloko singapheliyo, kwaye iimpembelelo zingakhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa kufikelelwe umda obalulekileyo, kunjalo, ukufa kuya kwenzeka.
Kwinqanaba elisisiseko, iimpompo zinoxanduva lokutshintshwa kwe-oxygen kunye ne- carbon dioxide kunye nendalo. Xa zingasebenzi kakuhle, amaqondo e-oksijeni awela, amazinga e-carbon dioxide aphakama, kwaye utshintsho oluyingozi kwi-acid-based balance of body can occur.
Ukukhazamiseka okunzulu, njengokukhahlela emhlanjeni, kunokukhokelela ekwenzeni i-asphyxiation. Nangona kungenakwenzeka, kunokwenzeka ukuba umcimbi wokuphazamiseka wobuthongo obangathintekiyo ukubonakalisa ukufa.
Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumula kungenzeka ngenxa yesifo esingasigxina, isifo esiyingozi. Oku kunokusilela kwemiphunga ngokwabo, njengale:
- Isifo sokuphefumula esingapheliyo (COPD)
- Emphysema
- Icystic fibrosis
- Umhlaza wemiphunga
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Pneumonia
- Isimo se-asthmaticus
- I-pulmonary embolus (i-clot emapapu)
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba imiphunga iphumelele ngenxa yeenguqu kwiimisipha okanye iinkqubo zeentlanzi, ezifana ne-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (i-ALS okanye isifo sikaLou Gehrig) okanye i-myasthenia gravis.
Kukho iingxaki zentsapho ezichaphazela ukuphefumula njenge-congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. I-syndrome ye-infant's death syndrome (SIDS) ibonisa ukungaphumeleli ukuphefumula ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokulala.
Xa ukufa kuhamba ngokukhawuleza, kukho umzekelo wokuphefumla owenzekayo. Kubizwa ngokuba ngumoya wokuphefumula. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala ngokuhluleka kwentliziyo, ukusetyenziswa kweyeza zamachiza kunye nokulimala kwi-brainstem. Ingabonakalisa ukuphefumula nokuphefumula okukufutshane. Ubumnono bunokudandatheka njengoko umntu ochaphazelekayo eshiya.
Ukuqwalasela ezinye iimeko kunye neNdima yokuPhalala kokulala
Kunokwenzeka ukuba ukufa kulele kubangelwe ngenxa yezinye iimbandezelo ezincinci, kubandakanywa nezimo zokulala. Ngokukodwa, ukuxhwala kungabulala. Kukho imeko eyaziwa ngokufa ngokukhawuleza kwintlungu (SUDEP) engacaciswanga ngokupheleleyo.
Ukukhusela i-apnea yokulala ingabangela ukwanda kweminye imeko yezokwelapha ekugqibeleni ingaba yingozi. Ezi ziquka ukubetha, ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, kunye ne-arrhythmias ezingabangela ukufa ngokukhawuleza.
Kunokwenzeka ukuba ufe ngokuziphatha okulalayo kuthiwa yi- parasomnias . Ukulala kungabangela umntu kwiimeko ezinobungozi, kuquka ukuwa ngaphandle kweefestile ukusuka kwi-floor, kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngeenqanawa, okanye ukujikeleza esitrato ukuya kwisitrato. "Ukuzibulala ngokuzibulala" kuchaza ukufa phakathi kwabantu abanokulimala abalalayo ngaphandle kokudandatheka okanye ukuzibulala.
Ingxaki yokuziphatha yokulala kwe-REM ingakhokelela ekuweleni kombhedeni kunye nentlungu yokulala ebuthongweni. Oku kungabangela ukubola kwegazi kwangaphakathi; i-hematoma ye-epidural iyakwazi ngokukhawuleza ibulawe.
Nangona ukuphazamiseka kokulala kungekudala kusenokufa, kukho ubungqina bokuthi ukusilala kwandisa ingozi yokuzibulala. Ukungabikho kokulala okungapheliyo kunokunyusa ukufa kwabantu bonke emva kweminyaka yokulala.
ILizwi
Ukuze ugweme ukufa ebusuku ngenxa yesifo sokulala, qaphela ezinye iimpawu (kubandakanywa ukulala nokusavuka ekuseni) okanye iimpawu zokugonjwa kwe-apnea (ukuyeka ukuphefumla, ukugcoba, u- nocturia , u- bruxism , ukulala ngokugqithiseleyo kwemini, imizwa kunye neengxaki zokuqonda , njl). Ngethamsanqa, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kuyaphathwa. Ukuphucula impilo yakho yonke kwaye ungalibali indima ebalulekileyo yobuthongo obuhle.
> Imithombo:
> Homer. " Iliad ." Inkampani yeHadett Publishing, e-Indianapolis, ngo-1997.
> Hublin C, kunye l. "Ukulala nokufa: isifundo esilandelayo esilandelayo esilandelayo sabantu abaneminyaka engama-22." Ukulala . 2007 Oct; 30 (10): 1245-53.
> Jeyaraj D, et al . "Iziqulatho ze-Circadian zilawula ukuphelelwa kwimizimba kunye ne-arrhythmogenesis." Uhlobo , ngo-2012; INGXELO: 10.1038 / imvelo10852.
> Kriger MH, et al . "Imigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kweMithi yokulala." Elsevier , edition 6, 2016.
> Shepard JJ. "Uxinzelelo lwengqondo, i-cardiac arrhythmias, i-myocardial infarction, kunye ne-stroke ngokubhekiselele ekuphazamiseni ukugula kwe-apnea." I-Clinic Chest Med 1992; 13: 437-458.