Mhlawumbi uye wakuva ukuba uhamba phambili kwinqanaba lezigaba njengoko ulala, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuthini oko? Ukulala ubuthongo, akunjalo? Enyanisweni, kusekho into eninzi ephakathi kwentloko yakho xa ulala, kwaye ngumsebenzi wengqondo yakho ebonisa izigaba zokulala ezahlukeneyo.
Kwakuyi- electroencephalograph (i-EEG) eyenzelwe ukuba izazinzulu zifunde ukulala ngeendlela ezazingekhe zenzeke.
Ngomnyaka wee-1950, umfundi ogqityiweyo obizwa ngokuthi ngu-Eugene Aserinsky wasebenzisa esi sixhobo ukufumanisa oko kwaziwa namhlanje njengokulala kwe-REM . Izifundo eziqhubekayo zokulala kwabantu ziye zabonisa ukuba ubuthongo buqhubela phambili ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwamanqanaba apho iipateni ezijikelezayo zengqondo ziboniswa.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokulala:
- ukunyuka kwamehlo okukhawuleza (NREM) - kwaziwa nangokulala ubuthongo
- Ukunyuka kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) - kwaziwa nangokulala ubuthongo okanye ukulala okuxhatshazayo
Iziqalo zokulala
Ngexesha lokuqala kweendlela zokulala, usasavuka kwaye uqaphele. Ingqondo ivelisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-beta amaza, ayencinci kwaye ayakhawuleza.
Njengoko ubuchopho buqala ukuphumla nokunyuka, amaza atyebileyo awaziwa ngokuba ngamaza e-alpha aveliswa. Ngeli xesha xa ungeke ulale, unokuba nolwazi oluqhelekileyo kunye nolwazi olucacileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-hypnagogic hallucinations. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yale mzekelo ibandakanya ukuziva ngathi uwa okanye uva umntu ebiza igama lakho.
Esinye isiganeko esiqhelekileyo ngeli xesha libizwa ngokuba yi- myoclonic jerk . Ukuba uye wakhawuleza ukuphazamiseka ngokubonakala ngathi akukho sizathu kuzo zonke, ngoko ufumene le ngxaki. Nangona kubonakala kungavamile, le miyoclonic jerks inene kakhulu.
Ngaphambili, iingcali zahlukanisa ubuthongo kwiinqanaba ezahlukeneyo ezihlanu.
Ngoku kutshanje, nangona kunjalo, izigaba 3 no-4 zidibeneyo ukwenzela ukuba kukho izigaba ezintathu ze-NREM kunye ne-REM yesigaba sokulala.
NREM Isigaba 1
Isigaba sesi-1 siqalo somjikelezo wokulala kunye nesigaba esilula kakhulu sokulala. Isigaba soku-1 singathathwa ngethuba lokutshintsha phakathi kokuvuka nokulala.
Kwinqanaba le-1, ubuchopho buvelisa amaza aphezulu angama-amplitude, atyhutyha ngengqondo. Eli xesha lokulala lihlala ixesha elifutshane (malunga nemizuzu emihlanu ukuya kweyimi-10). Ukuba uvusa umntu ngeli nqanaba, banokuthi bangabuthongo.
NREM Isigaba 2
Ngexesha lesigaba 2 ukulala:
- Abantu bayazi kakuhle iindawo ezikuzo
- Ubushushu bomzimba buhla
- Ukuphefumula kunye nentliziyo yeyona nto iya rhoqo
Isigaba sesi-2 sisigaba sesibini sokulala kwaye sihlala malunga nemizuzu engama-20. Ingqondo iqala ukuvelisa ukuqhuma komgudu ojikelezayo ogqithisileyo, owaziwa njengezinto zokulala. Ubushushu bomzimba buqala ukwehla kwaye izinga lentliziyo liqala ukucotha. Ngokutsho kwe-American Sleep Foundation, abantu bachithe phantse ama-50 ekhulwini yabo ebuthongweni bonke kule nqanaba.
NREM Isigaba 3
Ngexesha lesithathu ukulala:
- Amathumbu aphumle
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuphefumula kwesantya
- Ubuthongo obukhulu buya kwenzeka
Eli nqanaba lakwahlula kwiinqanaba ezintathu no-4.
Ingxondorha, amaza ephosakeleyo engqondo eyaziwa ngokuba ngamaza e-delta aqala ukuvela ngexesha lesithathu lokulala. Eli nqanaba ngamanye amaxesha libizwa ngokuba yi-delta yokulala.
Ngeli nqanaba, abantu abaphantsi kokuphendula kwaye imisindo kunye nomsebenzi kwimimandla ingakwazi ukuvelisa impendulo. Isebenza nje ngexesha lesiguqu phakathi kokulala kokulala kunye nobuthongo obukhulu.
Izifundo ezindala ziphakamisa ukuba ukucwiliswa kwebhedlele kwakunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke ngeli nqanaba elincinci lokulala, kodwa ubungqina obutshanje obonisa ukuba ukulala kwamanzi okunjalo kunokwenzeka nakwezinye izigaba. Ukulala kudla njalo kubakho ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lobuthongo obunzima beli nqanaba.
REM Sleep
Ngexesha lokulala kwe REM:
- Ingqondo iyasebenza
- Umzimba ukhululekile kwaye ungenasiphelo
- Iphupha livela
- Amehlo ahamba ngokukhawuleza
Ininzi ephuphayo yenzeka ngexesha lesine lokulala, eyaziwa ngokunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukulala. Ukulala kwe-REM kubonakaliswe ukunyakaza kwamehlo, ukwanda kwezinga lokuphefumla, kunye nokwandiswa komsebenzi wengqondo. I-American Sleep Foundation ibonisa ukuba abantu bachitha iipesenti ezingama-20 zobuthongo babo bonke kule ndawo.
Ukulala kwe-REM kukwabizwa ngokuba ubuthongo obunzima ngenxa yokuba ingqondo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zomzimba zisebenza ngakumbi, izihlunu zikhululekile ngakumbi. Ukuphupha kwenzeka ngenxa yokunyuka komsebenzi wengqondo, kodwa imisipha yokuzithandela ayinakukhutshwa.
Ukulandelelana kweziGaba zokulala
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ubuthongo aluqhubeki kulezi zigaba ngokulandelelana. Ukulala kuqala kwisigaba soku-1 kwaye kuqhubekela phambili kumagangatho oku-2, kunye no-3. Emva kwesigaba se-3 sokulala, isigaba sokulala sesi-2 siphindwa ngaphambi kokungena kwi-REM yokulala. Xa ubuthongo be-REM buphelile, umzimba uya kubuyela kwisigaba 2 sokulala. Ukulala ngokujikeleza kwezi zigaba malunga ne ezine okanye ezintlanu kwixesha lobusuku.
Ngokomyinge, singena kwisigaba se-REM malunga nemizuzu engama-90 emva kokulala. Umjikelezo wokuqala we-REM ubuthongo ungapheli ixesha elifutshane nje, kodwa umjikelezo ngamnye uba lude. Ukulala kwe-REM kungapheli ukuya kwiyure njengoko kuqhubeka ukulala.
Nangona ukulala kudlalwa njengento engenziwanga, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ubuchopho busebenza ngokwenene ngexesha leendlela zokulala. Ukulala kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinani leenkqubo, kuquka ukuhlanganiswa kwememori kunye nokucoca kwengqondo.
Imithombo:
American Sleep Association. (). Yintoni elele? Kubuyiselwa kwi-https: //www.sleepassociation.org/patients-general-public/what-is-leep-
Cendron, M. (1999). I-enuresis yasebusuku yasebusuku: Iingcamango zangoku. I-American Family Physician, 59 (5) , 1205-1214.
Foundation National Foundation. (nd). Kwenzeka ntoni xa ulala? Ukubuyiselwa kwi-https: //leepleepings.org/how-leep-works/what-happens-when-you- ulala
Umxhasi, uMnu (2007). Izinto ezibeka phambili, eziphambili, kwaye ziphazamise i-NREM i-parasomnia kubantu abadala: i-Clinical and forensic implications. Ukuphononongwa kweMithi yokulala, 11 (1), 5-30.
Iipopu, D., uAgasine, GJ, Fitzpatrich, D., et al. (2001). Neuroscience, edition 2. I-NCBI Bookshelf. Sunderland, MA: Associates Sinates. Ukufunyanwa kwi-http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10996/.