I-megacolon (eyaziwayo njengophuzo olunetyhefu) inokuba yinkxalabo enzulu yezifo zesibindi (IBD) . Le ngxaki eyenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo nge-ulcerative colitis kunokuba isifo sesifo sikaCrohn. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba i-megacolon enetyhefu ayinqabile kwaye ivela ngaphantsi kwe-5% yamatyala e-IBD. Le meko ivela xa ikholoni isuka kakhulu, okanye igxothwe, ize ilahlekelwe ngokukhawuleza kwegazi.
Ngaphandle kwegazi elaneleyo eliya kwikoloni, izicubu zingaba yi-ischemic, oku kuthetha ukuba iyafa.
Ukunyanga i-IBD ukuhlaselwa ngaphambi kokuba kube nzima kunokunceda ukukhusela i-megacolon enetyhefu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abane-ulcerative colitis bayacetyiswa ukuba baqaphele imishanguzo yokulwa nesifo sokurhoxa ngenxa yokuba baye badibaniswa ne-megacolon enetyhefu. Nabani na abane-IBD abafumana ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isisu esiswini, kunye nomkhuhlane, kufuneka bafune unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Izizathu
I-megacolon inetyhefu inokuthi ibe yinto ephakathi kwabantu abane-IBD. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ezithile, kubandakanywa izidakamizwa; iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukukhulula intlungu, i-anticholinergics; iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukudandatheka, ukuxhalaba kunye nokukhathazeka; kunye neengxaki zokulwa, ezifana ne-loperamide. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ngokuqhelekileyo kunconywa ukuba abantu abane-ulcerative colitis abayithathi imithi yokulwa ne-antidiarrheal ngaphandle kwemvume esuka, kunye nokuvavanywa okufutshane, i- gastroenterologist enamava ekuphatheni izigulane nge-IBD.
Iimpawu
Ukunikezwa kwe-megacolon enetyhefu kubandakanya:
- Iintlungu zesisu kunye nobubele
- Isisu esisisigxina
- Iqondo lentliziyo ekhawulezayo
- Ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi
- I-leukocytosis ( inani eliphezulu lamhlophe yegazi )
- Ububungqina be-colonic distension kwi-x-ray yesisu
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu (40 ° C [104 ° F])
- Ukuditywa kwamanzi
Abantu abane-megacolon enobuthi badla ngokugula kakhulu kwaye banomdla weentsuku eziliqela zesifo sohudo kunye nentlungu yesisu.
Unyango
Uphulo lwangokokuqala lubalulekile kwi-megacolon ukukhusela iingxaki zokusongela ubomi, ezifana nokutshitshiswa, ukugqithwa kwekolon (ukukhawula kwindonga yamakoloni), i- peritonitis (ukusuleleka esiswini) kunye ne-septicemia (ukusuleleka egazini). Ukhohlo olungaphendulwanga, i-colon ingaphula, imeko ebulalayo kwi-30% yamatyala. Xa uphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwimigangatho yokuqala, i-megacolon inetyhefu inexabiso lokubulala eliphantsi kwe-4%. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufumana iimpawu ezintsha ezikhangela ngugqirha, kwaye ukufumana iimpawu ezinzima zisingathwa ngokukhawuleza.
Isilonda kufuneka sidibaniswe, esivame ukufezwa ngokudlulisa ityhubhu ngaphandle komzimba ukuya kwikolon. Ukuba isigulane sitshatyisiwe okanye sishatywe, unyango lwe-IV lunokusetyenziswa ekutshintsheni i-electrolytes kunye namanzi. Ekubeni ukuphuka kungabangela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, i-antibiotics inganikwa. I-Corticosteroids inokunceda ukunqanda ukuvuvukala kwikholoni.
Kwiimeko ezinzima ezingaphenduliyo kunyango, uncedo oluxakekileyo okanye uqokelelo olupheleleyo luyimfuneko. Kwi-colectomy epheleleyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-proctocolectomy, ikholoni isuswe. I-proctocolectomy inokukhethwa kubantu abane-ulcerative colitis, njengokuba i- j-pouch ingadalwa ngexesha lokuhlinzwa okwesibini, emva kokubuyisela kwi-megacolon enetyhefu.
Inkqubo ye-j-pouch iya kuthintela isidingo sokuba i- ileostomy engunaphakade. Ekubeni i-proctocolectomy nayo yonyango lotyando lwe-ulcerative colitis, i-ulcerative colitis ayiyi kubuya emva kokuhlinzwa. Akukhuthazwa kwiimeko zesifo sikaCrohn, njengoko isifo sikaCrohn sisenokubuyela kwisigxobo se-ileal.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, xa i-megacolon enetyhefu iye yaphathwa kakuhle, isalathiso sihle kakhulu.
Imithombo:
ADAM "Inetyhefu yeMacacolon." ADAM, Inc 2004. 30 Julayi 2009.