Iprotozoa yimizimba ene-cell e-eukaryote (ezo zizinto eziphilayo ezinokuthi iiseli kunye ne-nuclei). Ezinye i-eukaryotes ziquka thina, ezinye izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. I-Eukaryota ziquka ezinye iindidi ezincinane: i-algae, helminths, kunye ne-fungi.
Iprotozoa ifunyanwa yonke indawo. Bangahlala bodwa njengezinto zokuphila ezikhululekileyo kwimeko, ngokuqhelekileyo emhlabathini, amanzi, okanye i-moss.
Bangakwazi kwakhona ukuphumla i-cysts, ebenza baqhubeke besinda kumaxesha athile. Ezinye ziyi-parasites. Abanye baphila ngokubambisana kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo; nganye incike kwelinye ukuze iphile.
Ziye zaphulwa kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo: i-sporozoa (i-intracellular parasites), i-flagellates (eneempawu ezinjengomsila ezinjengezandla ezijikelezayo ukujikeleza), i-amoeba (ehambayo usebenzisa i-cell body projections ebizwa ngokuthi i-pseudopods), kunye neekliati (ezithatha ngokubetha ezininzi izakhiwo ezinjengeenwele ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cilia).
Izifo ezibangelwa yi-protozoa zinokusasazeka ngokungenisa i-cysts (isigaba sokuphila esilalayo), ukudluliselwa ngokwesini, okanye ngeentlobo zezilwanyana. Kukho ezininzi eziqhelekileyo - kwaye aziqhelekanga-izifo ezibangelwa yiprotozoa. Ezinye zezi zifo zibangela ukugula kwizigidi zabantu ngonyaka; ezinye izifo zingabonakali kwaye zithemba.
Yintoni Eyibangela?
Izifo ezixhaphakileyo ezibangelwa ngamaProtozoans ziquka i- malaria , i- giardia kunye ne- toxoplasmosis .
Ezi zifo zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahluke kakhulu zomzimba - izifo ezibangelwa yi-malaria ziqala egazini, i-giardia iqala emathunjini, kwaye i-toxoplasmosis inokufumaneka kwi-lymph nodes, iso kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo.
Ngokufanayo, ukugula kwesifo kubangelwa isifo seprotozo, njengokuba i-Entamoeba histolytica.
I-tryanosomiasis yabantu baseAfrika I-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense kunye neTerpanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Okokuqala kubangelwa iimeko ezininzi (malunga ne-98%) kodwa zombini zi sasazwa yi-tsetse fly bite.
I-Entamoeba histolytica ingabangela uhudo kunye ne-GI. Inokwenene, kubangelwa ukuba, kubangele i-amoebic dysentery kwiimeko ezinzima, kunye neemeko ezingabonakaliyo kwabanye. Iyakwazi ukuhamba ngeendonga zamathumbu uze uye kwigazi kunye nakwezinye izitho, njengesibindi, apho kunokudala ama-abscesses.
Ngaba izifo zonyango ze-Protozoa ziya kuthathwa?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Izinketho zokwelapha zixhomekeka kwii protozoa ezikuchaphazelayo. Ezinye ziphumelele kakhulu kunabanye. I-Malaria yisifo esiqhelekileyo emhlabeni wonke esinokunyangwa ngokuthe ngqo, nangona unyango luxhomekeke kuluphi uhlobo lwe-malaria (i-Plasmodium falciparum, i-Plasmodium knowlesi, i-Plasmodium malariae, i-Plasmodium ovale kunye ne- Plasmodium vivax .) Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni kukho ukunganyangeki (P falciparum ngokukodwa uye wanda ukuxhatshazwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwizonyango ezibalulekileyo).
Ukujonga izifo
Ngokungafani nezinye ii-pathogens, iisampuli kunye neprotozoa azikwazi ukuchongwa nje ngekcubeko. Kuya kuba nzima ukukhula, ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, ziyabonakala.
I-Malaria ibonakala ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Kukho iimvavanyo zegazi ezikhawulezayo kunye neemvavanyo ze-PCR.
I-Toxoplasmosis inokuqatshelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho ibangela ukusuleleka. Ingabonwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi lomntu. Inokufumaneka kwiimvavanyo ze-PCR. Ikwafumaneka kwakhona ngeentlobo ezikhethekileyo zezicubu kunye nokuhlukana ngokuthe ngqo kwe-pathogen.
I-Giardia inokufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-antigen lwesitulo kunye nangokujonga kwi-stool phantsi kwe-microscope. Kungathatha iisampula ezininzi ze-stool (mhlawumbi 3) ukuxilonga oku.
I-Entamoeba histolytica ikwachongwa kwakhona ukusuka kwiisampulu zesebe njengeGiardia.
Ingabonwa phantsi kwe-microscope, ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-PCR, uvavanyo lwe-antigen, okanye uvavanyo lwe-antibody lwegazi.
I-trypanosomiasis yabantu base-Afrika inokufunyanwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okanye kwi-fluid okanye i-biopsy kwi-lymph node (okanye isilonda se-chancre). T. b. i-rhodesiense parasites inokufumaneka rhoqo kwigazi labantu abanesifo. T. b. i-gambiense inomthwalo ophantsi weprotozoa egazini ukwenzela ukuba i-microscopy yegazi ayinakukwazi ukuyiqonda, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-lymph node biopsy (i-lymph node post post) iyakwazi ukufumanisa intsholongwane.
Iphi Iprotozoa Ivela KwiLizwi?
Igama livela kwigama elithi protos elilingesiGrike elithi "lokuqala" kunye ne-zoia elithetha "isilwanyana". Kwakuqala ukuhlanganiswa kwi-1800s. Ngaphambi koko, iprotozoa encinci, echazwe yi-organelles, ayikwazanga ukuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaba Ukugula Kweqiniso Kuyakunqandwa?
Ewe, uceba ukwenza lesi sifo kunye nembali yeprotozoa. Uninzi lweziganeko zifumaneka kwiDemocratic Republic of Congo. Kukho izicwangciso zokunciphisa kakhulu ukusasazeka kwesi sifo (njengamanje iimpukane ezazisasaza isifo zifumaneka kumazwe angama-36) kwaye zinciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wokugula. Esi sifo sinokubangela iziphumo ezinzulu ze-neurologic kwaye unyango lunzima. Njengoko ixabela kwimimandla ehlwempuzekileyo kunye nezobuncedo, kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa nokuphatha. Kuya kuba kuhle ukuba le protozoa iphele.
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