Imiqobo enkulu iqhubekayo njengoko ukuqonda kuphucula
I-India yenye yezona zininzi kakhulu kwihlabathi elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezigidi ezihlala kwindawo yendawo malunga neyesithathu ubukhulu be-US Ngokutsho kophando olusuka ku-Maulana Azad Medical College eNew Delhi, malunga ne-6,3 ekhulwini labantu (malunga nama-63 abantu abayizigidi) banomlinganiselo othile wokulahlekelwa kwindlebe .
Nangona ukuthuluba kusenokuba ngumngeni omkhulu kwilizwe elibonakaliswe ngamanqanaba aphezulu obuhlwempu-kunye nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-276 abahlala ngaphantsi kwezinga elibhekiselele kwintlupheko-phantsi kwezinto-izinto zitshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukubonga koluntu nokuphucula ukufikelela kwimfundo kunye nokuqeqeshwa koqeqesho lwezizithulu. nzima ukuva.
Iintlanga ezingenanto eNdiya
Njengentlanga eyahlukileyo eneentetho ezininzi zengingqi, iNdiya iye yahlula ukufumana ulwimi olusemthethweni, olulungelelaniso ngendlela e-US eyenziwa ngawo-1960 kunye nolwimi lwezandla lwaseMelika (ASL) .
Nangona ulwimi lwezandla lwase-Indo-Pakistani (IPSL) luthathwa njengoluhlobo oluphambili olusetyenziswe kwi-Asia yaseMzantsi, kukho ukuhlukahluka okuninzi okusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwe-Indiya (kuquka ulwimi lwezandla lwaseDelhi, ulwimi lwezandla lwaseBombay, ulwimi lwezandla lwaseCalcutta, kunye ne-Bangalore-Madras ulwimi lwezandla), ngamnye i-syntax kunye negrama.
Ngokufanayo, i- TV-captioning ivaliwe ngasemva nangona ububukeli bobuzwe obuvelele. Ngaphandle kokungabikho kotyalo-mali kwi-teknoloji, amanqanaba aphezulu abantu abangafundanga abantu abadala (malunga nama-37.2 ekhulwini, ngokwe-UNICEF) baye banciphisa iinzame zokwandisa le enkonzo kuluntu jikelele. Ngaphezu koko, kuphela iipesenti ezimbini zeentsibano zaseIndiya eziya esikolweni, ukuqhubela phambili ukuqhubeka nenkcubeko yokungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala.
Eyona miqobo inzima yinkcubeko yintlupheko yentlalo kunye nenkolo edlalela ngokuthe ngqo okanye engaqondanga ngqo izithulu. Omnye umzekelo ngumthetho kaMinu, enye yeencwadi eziqhelekileyo ze-canon yesiHindu, esitsho ukuba abantu abayizithulu mabavunyelwe ukuba babe nepropati kodwa kunokuba bathembele kwizibonelelo zabanye.
Nangona ixutywa ngeengcatshulwa ngamaNdiya amaninzi anamhlanje, iinkolelo ezinjalo ziqhubeka zixhasa ukwanda kocalulo oluchaphazelekayo oluchaphazela ngokungahambi kakuhle.
Iintlangano eNdiya
Nangona kukho le mingeni ebalulekileyo, kwenziwa iinzame ezibalulekileyo zokuqhubela phambili izizathu zabantu abazizithulu nabanzima bokuva eNdiya. Namhlanje, ilizwe linemibutho ebalulekileyo enikezelwa kwisithulu kumanqanaba kazwelonke, karhulumente nakummandla. La maqela anceda ukulungelelanisa iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngokunika inkxaso ngamaphulo anjengeSuku loSwaphulo oluNyaka ngamnye lweSeptemba.
Phakathi kwezinye zezinto eziphambili:
- Umbutho weSizwe wezithulu (iNew Delhi)
- Isikolo seSizwe sase-Ali Yavar Jung sokuLawula ukukhubazeka (eMumbai)
- Yonke i-India Federation yeziThulu (iNew Delhi)
- I-Bihar Association yezithulu (Patna)
- I-Association of Deaf Can Association (Bhopal)
- Umbutho waseDelhi wezithulu (iNew Delhi)
- I-Delhi Isiseko Sabafazi Abangenangqondo (eNew Delhi)
- Ummandla waseWest Bengal wezithulu (Kolkata)
- Umbutho waseMadras wezithulu (eKhennai)
- I-Tamil Nadu Federation of State of the deaf (Chennai)
- Yonke iBhunga lezeMidlalo yaseIndiya yezithulu (iNew Delhi)
Imfundo noTeqesho kwiNtsholongwane
Kwiminyaka yama-1960 kunye ne-70, iNdiya inokufaka izicelo ezingekho kwezi-10 zesikolo kwizithulu kweli lizwe lonke.
Nangona kusekho okwaneleyo endleleni yokuxhasa inkxaso yezemfundo kubantwana abayizithulu nabantu abadala, izinto ziphucula kancane kancane. Namhlanje, kunamakhulu amaninzi kwizikolo ezizithulu kulo lonke ilizwe elixinekeke kakhulu kwii-Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, naseDelhi.
Phakathi kwamanye amaziko aphakamileyo emfundo (ngoburhulumente):
- Umbutho weMfundo yeZiThulu kunye neziNkohliso (Andras Pradesh)
- Iziko leNtlalontle yokuLawula kunye neNtetho yokukhubazeka (eHaryana)
- UMbutho oMkhulu weMfundo yezithulu (Maharashtra)
- I-Audiology yezemfundo kunye noMbutho woPhando (Maharashtra)
- Imfundo ye-Aural for the Hearing Impaired (Maharashtra)
- Shri Swami Samarth IQumrhu loQeqesho loLwazi oluKhethekileyo (Maharashtra)
- Badhit Bal Vikas Kendra (Rajasthan)
- Umbutho Wokuncedwa Wezithulu weCalicut (iKerala)
- I-Helen Keller isiGqeba soThulu kunye noThuthuzi (Maharashtra)
- IZiko loQeqesho loPhuhliso lwabantu abaziThulu baseDehi)
- IsiThili kunye neDumb Industrial Institute of Latur (Maharashtra)
- IBhunga lokuBuyiselwa kweIndiya (Delhi)
> Imithombo:
> Garg, S .; Chandra, S .; Malhotra, S. et al. "Iintlanzi: umthwalo, ukuthintela, nokulawula eIndiya." U- Natl Med J India. 2009; 22 (2): 79-81. PMID: 19852345.
> I-United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). "I-India Statistics." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; hlaziywa ngoDisemba 27, 2013.