I-Flu yeSpain
Ngomnyaka we-1918, intsholongwane yesifo somkhuhlane yasasazeka kwihlabathi, ekhokelela ekubhubeni. Olu bhubhane lwaziwa ngokuba ngu-1918 okanye i-Flu. Yayibangelwa yi-H1N1 Intsholongwane ye-influenza Intsholongwane abaye bayakholelwa ukuba batshintshe kwi-virus ye-influenza eyayiphathisa iintaka kuphela. Yashintsha kwaye yatshintsha ngokwaneleyo ukuba yayinako ukusulela abantu kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumntu kumntu.
Ngenxa yokuba lolu hlobo lwegciwane lesifo sengculaza aluzange lusuleleke kubantu basebantwini ngaphambili, lwalukwazi ukusulela inani elikhulu labantu ngokukhawuleza.
Enye impawu eziyingqayizivele yale ntshogciwane ye-influenza yayinamandla okugqithisa kungekuphela kweentaka ukuya kubantu kodwa kubantu beya kwiihagu. Emva kokusulela iigobha, uye waqhubeka nokuguquka kwaye ibe yintsholongwane "yomzali" yentsholongwane yomkhuhlane esiyibonile ukususela ngo-1918.
Indlela Eqala ngayo
Intsholongwane ye-H1N1 eyabangela ubhubhane lwe-1918 lwaqala njenge- virus ye- avian flu . Njengoko i-virus yegciwane iyenzayo, yatshintsha kwaye yahlakulela amandla okubachaphazela abantu kwaye isasazeka phakathi kwabantu ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza. Sisazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni okanye kwenzeka njani le nto (okanye ukuba iqhubeka kanjani), siyazi nje ukuba yenzeke.
Ngubani owachaphazelayo
Umkhuhlane we-1918 wathintela amashumi ezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangama-40% abemi behlabathi banesifo sengculaza kwaye abantu abayi-20 ukuya kwi-50 yezigidi bafa.
Umkhuhlane we-1918 wawubaluleke ngakumbi kuba wawuthintela abantu abancinci, abasempilweni ngokukrakra njengokuba benzayo kumaqela aphezulu angengozini . Abantu abadala abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwe-50 bagula baze bafa kumkhuhlane we-1918 kunanaliphi na elinye iqela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane unzima kakhulu kwiintsana, abadala asebekhulile kunye nabantu abaneengxaki ezingapheliyo zempilo, kungekhona abadala abadala.
Ngowe-1918 Iimpawu zoMkhuhlane
Iimpawu zoomkhuhlane we-1918 azizange zihluke ngokupheleleyo kuneempawu zentsholongwane yonyaka. Yintoni ebalulekileyo malunga nale ntsholongwane yintsholongwane ye-influenza yenziwa ngokukhawuleza ngayo abantu abagulayo. Kubikwa ukuba abantu abaninzi abavusayo bengenazo iimpawu zomkhuhlane badla ekuseni kwaye bafa ebusuku. Esikhundleni seentsuku ezisihlanu ukuya kwezixhenxe zeempawu zentsholongwane esizilindele namhlanje, lo bunzima babetha ngokukhawuleza.
Enye imbangela ebalulekileyo yokufa ngexesha lobulwelwesi yintsholongwane yesibini ye- bacteria . Ukuba umntu akafanga kwintsholongwane yentsholongwane yentsholongwane kwiintsuku zokuqala zokugula, abaninzi banokuphelelwa yi-bacterial infections - njenge- pneumonia - ekugqibeleni babethi ubomi babo.
Amagquma amathathu
Kwakukho "amagagasi" amakhulu amakhulu okugula ngexesha lo-1918. Umshumbisi wokuqala waqala entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni ka-1918 ngeempawu eziphawulekayo, kodwa ezinzima kakhulu zomkhuhlane. Iingxelo zokuqala zivela eKansas zilandelwe ngeengxelo zenye iikhosi ezempilo eYurophu ezihlayo nezifo. Isifo sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kubahlali baseYurophu nasehlabathini lonke.
Ngomhla ka-1918, isangqa sesibini sobhubhane laqala.
Oku kwazisa esinye ukuhlaselwa kwesifo, ngokubulala abantu abaninzi kunokuba ngumsinga wokuqala. Ingqungquthela yesithathu kunye yokugqibela yenzeke entwasahlobo ka-1919. Kulinganiselwa ukuba abantu abangama-675,000 eUnited States (abemi belo xesha babezigidi ezili-105) baphulukana nobomi babo kwiSpeyin Flu.
Oko Sikufundile Ukususela ngo-1918 Ukhuhlane Lwemkhuhlane
Yonke imingcipheko yomkhuhlane ihlabathi eliye lafumana ukusukela ngo-1918 lixhomekeke kulo. Iintsholongwane ziye zatshintshana ngenye indlela okanye enye yegciwane lesifo esiyodwa. Ngenxa yokuba igule kwaye ibulale abantu abaninzi emhlabeni, zonke ezinye izifo zithelekiswa nolu hlobo kwaye indlela esabela ngayo xa sisongelwa yintlupheko isekelwe kwisifo segciwane lokubulala njengale.
Imithombo:
"Intsapho: Intsholongwane ye-Influenza ngo-1918 nanamhlanje" Isiko seSizwe sokuLungelelanisa neZifo zokuThatshazekayo 29 Jun 09. Iziko zeSizwe zezeMpilo. 31 Jan 12.
"I-Pandemic enkulu" I-Ofisi yoLuntu wezeMpilo kwiNkonzo yezeMpilo. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. 15 Februwari 12.