5 Iigonti Bonke ootatomkhulu kufuneka bafumane

Ukhuseleko Lwawe Nabazukulwana Bakho

Nangona abantu beeminyaka yonke begula, abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abaselula banokusuleleka kwizifo ezibi kakhulu. Ukugonywa ngenye yezindlela ezintle zokuqinisekisa ukuba wena kunye nabazukulwana bakho bakhuselekile kunokwenzeka.

Enoba uza kudibana nomzukulwana wakho wokuqala okanye ishumi sakho, zilapha zintlanu zokugoma kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho malunga nokuhamba phambili.

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I-Influenza Vaccine

Ngokuchasene noko abantu abaninzi bakholelwa, umkhuhlane awukho isisu esiswini okanye kubanda kakhulu. Kuyingozi-kwaye isifo esiphefumulayo sisifo esiphezulu.

Nakuphi na abantu abavela ku-12 000 ukuya ku-56,000 abantu abafa ngenxa yesifo somkhuhlane ngamnye eMelika, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo amakhulu eminyaka abhedlele esibhedlele. Abaninzi balaba bafayo kulabo abanezimo zonyango ebezikhona ngaphambili, kodwa inani elikhulu lihlala kubantu abasempilweni ngaphambili.

Umkhuhlane ngumcimbi omkhulu. Kakhulu kangangokuthi isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane okwangoku sisigxina kuphela esicetyiswayo kubo bonke abantu abangaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, banemibandela embalwa kakhulu.

Ootatomkhulu, ngokukodwa, kufuneka bafumane ukugonya umkhuhlane ngamnye ngonyaka, kungekhona nje ukuzikhusela, kodwa nokukhusela amalungu amancinci entsapho zabo. Kuze iintsana zifumane i-dose yokuqala yokuqala kwiinyanga ezi-6, zenzele inceba yabo bajikeleze ukuba zigonywe ukuba zigcine zikhuselekile. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba umkhuhlane unokuba yingozi kubadala abadala, isifo sokugonya somkhuhlane wonyaka siphumelele.

Nangona kungengomngcipheko wexesha, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo, ngokukodwa ukuba uya kuba nezingane ezineminyaka engaphantsi kwe-2 ubudala, njengoko i-virus ye-influenza ingajikeleza unyaka wonke.

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I-Pertussis Vaccine aka Tdap

Ukuba unomzukulu omtsha endleleni, usenokuba uceliwe ukuba ufumane isitofu sokukhusela iTdap, esinokukhusela kwizifo ezintathu, kubandakanya i-pertussis okanye "ukukhwehlela."

I-Pertussis isoloko ifundwa ngabantu abadala kuba iyakubangela iimpawu ezinzima ngaphandle kobuntwana. Abantu abaninzi abadala abaqapheli ukuba basulelekile, kaninzi baxotha nayiphi na impawu zentsholongwane nje ngokunyuka. Kodwa nangona iimpawu zincinci okanye zingekho ngokupheleleyo, unokwazi ukudlulisa ibhaktheriya kwabanye abantu, kubandakanye nabantwana abasetyhalelekileyo abangenayo i-pertussis eyingozi. Phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iintsana ezingaphantsi komnyaka onokufumana i-pertussis kufuneka izibhedlele.

Umlinganiselo wokuqala wokugonya i-pertussis unikezelwa kwiinyanga ezi-2 ubudala, kodwa uchungechunge luquka amanani amaninzi ngaphezu kwexesha leminyaka, kwaye ayingekho ipesenti ze-100-inani elincinci leentsana ezigonywayo lingagula.

Yilapho ootatomkhulu-kunye nabo bonke abasentsapho-ukuthatha igonyo kudlala. Emva kwakho konke, ukuba uyazikhusela, uya kukwazi ukukhusela abazukulwana bakho.

Njengebhonasi, le gonti iyasebenza njengesixhasi sakho se- tetanus , ekufuneka bonke abantu abadala bafumane yonke iminyaka eyi-10 okanye kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabazali bootatomkhulu.

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Iipneumococcus Vaccines

Ngelixa i-pertussis isasazeka ukusuka kubantu abadala ukuya kubantwana abancinci, i-pneumococcus-ibhaktheriya enokubangela ukuba i- pneumonia , phakathi kwezinye izinto-ikwazi ukugqithiselwa ukusuka kwiintsana ezincinane ukuya kubantu abadala.

Kubantwana, i-pneumococcus ingakhokelela kwizifo ezintle ezifana nezifo zendlebe okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, izinto ezinzulu ezifana ne-meningitis. Kodwa kubantu asebekhulile, i-pneumococcus iyibangela ehamba phambili ye-pneumonia, okubangelwa ama-900 000 amacala minyaka yonke eUnited States yodwa.

Nangona ama-90 ekhulwini kwabantwana base-US abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-3 abagonyelwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-pneumococcus, izinga liphantsi kakhulu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kwama-65.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeentsholongwane ze-pneumococcal, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho okanye isimo sempilo, uya kufuneka ukuba bobabini. Iziphakamiso zezi zitofu zingancinci, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthethe ugqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungadinga nini kwaye nini.

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I-Herpes Zoster aka I-Shingles Vaccine

Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60, kufuneka uxoxe noogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana izibonda. Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba ngaba sele ubenokubhinqa ubuncinane kanye kanye.

Awukwazi ukunika izizukulwana zakho izibhinqa, kodwa unako ukubanika inkukhu. Njani? Ezi zifo zibini zibangelwa yi- virus efanayo . Xa usulelekile enkukhu-enoba phantse wonke umntu ozalelwa ngaphambi ko-1980-igciwane lihlala lilele emzimbeni wakho kwaye lingaphinda lisebenzise emva koko ebomini ukuze lenze izibhinqa. Yaye xa uthe waqhankqalaza, unokusasaza intsholongwane kumntu ongenalo inkukhu okanye ongagonyanga.

Nangona zombini izifo ziqhekeza, ukukhawuleza kweentsimbi kudla ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kunqamle kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho okanye kunye neentliziyo zakho. Ngamanye amaxesha ubuhlungu obuvela kwi-shingles bukwazi ukuhlala iiveki, iinyanga, okanye kwiminyaka emva kokugqithisa.

I-Chickenpox ebantwaneni abancinci isoloko ilukhuni kuneyokhukhukazi kubantu abadala okanye ngabafazi abakhulelweyo, kodwa kusenokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba isitofu siphumelele, inkukhu yabangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-100 ngonyaka ngonyaka we-United States.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-1 ubudala kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo baxhatshazwa kwiinkathazo ezinzima ezivela kwinkukhu, kodwa akufanele bafumane isitofu ngenxa yengozi. Kunoko, kufuneka bathembele kuwo wonke umntu ojikeleze kubo ukuze bancede bahlale bekhuselekileyo-kuquka nawe.

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I-MMR-Measles, Mumps, ne-Rubella Vaccin

Ukuba uzalwe ngo-1957 okanye kamva kwaye awuzange uphonywe ngokusondeza imaselula, usenokufuna ukufumana i-booster dose.

Izilwanyana ezisetyenziselwa ukuba ziqheleke eUnited States njengezonka ezimhlophe. Phantse wonke umntu wayifumana ngexesha elithile. Oko kukuthi, isifo sokugonywa kwemasetyisi senziwa ngokubanzi. Ngamaphulo amaninzi okugonywa, inani lamagosa enkundleni yamachiza elibikwe kwilizwe liye lahla ngamaphesenti angu-99.

Nangona amaMerika abone impumelelo enkulu ekulwa nemasisi, ihlala yindawo eqhelekileyo kwihlabathi-kuquka neYurophu yaseNtshona-kwaye ihlala ibangela phambili yokufa kubantwana abancinci emhlabeni jikelele, ngokubulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 000 abantu ngonyaka.

Kwezinye iindawo zase-US, inani elincinci kodwa likhulayo leentsapho likhetha ukulibaziseka okanye ukufumana iigonti, kwaye ngenxa yoko, isisisi sinokubuyisa ezweni lonke. Iintsana zaseUnited States azifumani ukugonya kwe-measles yokuqala ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12 ubudala, kodwa zithinteka kakhulu ekuguleni.

Nangona ungacingi ukuba usengozini yokudlula i-measle-okanye i- mumps okanye i-rubella malunga naloo mbandela-kusengumzekelo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphumelele ngoku kulukhuseleko, mhlawumbi xa kunjalo.

ILizwi

Uninzi, ukuba alukho konke, kwezi zitofu zifumaneka kwiikhemisi zendawo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhlolisise kunye nomboneleli wakho oyinhloko ngaphambi kokuba ugonywe. Ukugonywa kukukhuselekileyo kuninzi lwabantu abadala, kodwa yinto efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba awunayo i-allergies okanye imeko yezokwelapha eya kukwandisa umngcipheko weempembelelo okanye ukulimala emva kokufumana ezinye izitofu okanye iimpawu ezithile.

Umnikeli wakho unokukwazisa ukuba kukho naziphi na ezinye izitofu omele ufumane ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwezinto ezibhalwe apha ngasentla. Ukuba unesifo sikashukela, umzekelo, umboneleli wakho unokuncoma ukuba ugonywe kwi-hepatitis B. Ngokufanayo, ukuba uyazi ukuba uya kuhlala usana, ungadinga ukugonya kwe-hepatitis A. Umncedisi wakho oyintloko unokukunceda ukuba ufumane oko kufuneka ufumane kunye nokuba yeyiphi ihedyuli.

> Imithombo:

> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. I-Epidemiology kunye noKhuselo lweZilwanyana eziVimbelayo . Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. 13th. I-Washington DC Isiseko seMpilo kaRhulumente, ngo-2015.

> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ishedyuli yokuNgcotshwa kwaBantu abakhulileyo abaneminyaka engama-19 okanye abadala, ngo-Vaccine kunye neqela lesiXeko, eMelika, ngo-2017.