Ukuphazamiseka Kwegazi

Ingqwalasela yeengxaki zegazi

Iziphazamiso zegazi ziquka iingxaki kwigazi lethu okanye ematyeni. Emva kokuzalwa, umongo wethambo (indawo enamafutha phakathi kwamathambo ethu) ngumthombo oyintloko wamaseli egazi amatsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingxaki ngendlela yethu yomnatha wethambo evelisa iiseli zegazi kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kunokuvela kwiyiphi na enye yegazi lethu:

1. Amaseli egazi ezimhlophe-anceda ukulwa nezifo.
2. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu-ezithwala i-oksijini kwizicubu.

1. Iiplatesti-eziyekelela ukunqanda ukuphuma kwegazi.
2. I-Plasma-ephethe iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo kubandakanya izinto ezinokuthi zenze i-procoagulant (eziyekelela ukunqanda ukuphuma kwegazi) kunye nezixhobo ze-anticoagulant (ezinqanda ukwakheka kwe-clot).

> Jonga umzobo kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ukuphakanyiswa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kuthiwa yi-leukocytosis kunye nezibalo eziphantsi zibizwa ngokuba yi-leukopenia. Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, zonke ezichaphazelekayo:

1. I-Granulocytes (ebizwa nangokuthi i-neutrophils okanye i-neutrophils enye)

• Ukuthintelwa kwe-Vein Vein Thrombosis

• Ingqwalasela yeCapatelet Disorders

1. Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
3. Eosinophils
4. Basophil

Iimeko ezininzi zezokwelapha ezifanelekileyo phantsi koxilongo olubanzi lwesifo segazi alufani kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa oogqirha bebhekisela kwinto ethile njengengxaki yegazi, bathetha ukuba akukona umdlavuza (unobungozi).

Ezinye iziphazamiso zegazi zihlala kwindawo ephakathi kobuhlungu kunye nomdla (unomdlavuza) ngezinye iinkcukacha ezibhekiselwe njenge-premalignant-kwaye ingaba ngumdlavuza. I-leukemia ngokuqhelekileyo ayifakiwe kwixesha elibanzi leengxaki zegazi njengoko ngumhlaza wegazi / ithambo lomongo. Iziphazamiso zegazi zibonwa kakhulu yi-hematologists-oogqirha abanobuchule bokuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kweengxaki egazini lakho kunye / okanye ematyeni.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo

• I-Neutropenia yinani elinciphile le-neutrophils, uhlobo lweseli legazi elimhlophe. I-neutrophils yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesistim somzimba wakho sokulwa nesifo sokulwa ne-bacterial. Kukho izimbangela ezininzi kuquka i-autoimmune neutropenia, i-Shwachman Diamond Syndrome, ne-cyclic neutropenia.
• Iziphumo ze- anemia ezivela kwinani elinciphile leeseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye i-hemoglobin-iprotheni ephethe i-oksijeni. Ukukhulelwa kwe-anemia kungabangela ukusilela kwesinyithi, isifo se-sickle cell okanye i-thalassemia.
• I-Polycythemia vera (PV) yimeko apho umongo wakho wethambo wenza inani eligqithiseleyo lamaseli obomvu. Olu konyuka lunokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokwakheka kwe-clot.
• I-immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) yimeko apho iiplatelet zakho ziphawulwa "njengangaphandle" kwaye ziyabhujiswa. Oku kungakhokelela ekubaleni kweplatelet ephantsi kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi.
• I-Thrombocytosis ibhekisele kwinani elikhulayo lamaplatelet. Ngethamsanqa, ubuninzi bexesha, ukubalwa kweplatelet ephakamileyo kubangelwa ngenye into (i-thrombocytosis esebenzayo) eya kuba ngcono xa imeko ephantsi iphucula. Ngaphezu koko, malunga neemeko zegazi njenge-thrombocythemia ebalulekileyo (ET) apho umongo wakho wethambo wenza inani eliphezulu kakhulu leeplatelets ezandisa ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-blood clot.

• I-Hemophilia yimeko ezuze ilifa eliye laphumela ekunciphiseni kwemali yezinto eziphambili (8, 9, no-11). Oku kubangela ukuphuma kwegazi lula. Ngezinye izihlandlo abantu abane-hemophilia babizwa ngokuthi "i-bleeders ezamahala".
• Iingubo zegazi (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-thrombosis) zingenzeka naphi na emzimbeni. Kwingqondo, kuthiwa yi-stroke; entliziyweni, kuthiwa i-heart attack (okanye i-myocardial infarction). I-deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kuma-clots egazi kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni.

Iimpawu

Iimpawu zeengxaki zegazi ziyahluka ngokubanzi njengoko zifunyaniswa. Ezinye iziphazamiso zegazi zibangela iimpawu ezimbalwa, ngelixa ezinye zijongene nokunye. Umzekelo:

• I-anemia ingabangela ukukhathala, ukuphefumula okufutshane, okanye ukunyuka kwentliziyo.
• I-Thrombocytopenia ingabangela ukunyuka okanye ukuphuma kumlomo okanye ekhaleni.
• I-Hemophilia inokubangela ukuphuma kwegazi kodwa iyaziwa ngokujoliswe ngqo kwizihlunu kunye namajoyina ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu.
• Amacwecwe egazi kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni angabangela ukuvuvukala nentlungu.

Ukuxilongwa

Ugqirha wakho uza kuhlolisisa kunye neempawu zakho ukucacisa ukuba unokuthi ufumanisa njani.

Oku kuya kubonakalisa umsebenzi ofunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Njengoko usenokuba uqagele, ixesha elidlulileyo umsebenzi wegazi liyadingeka. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kufumaneka kumsebenzi webhu ebanjwe kwezinye izizathu ezifana nokuhlolwa konyaka.

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwegazi yi-total count count (CBC). I-CBC ibheka iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli zegazi kwaye ikhetha ukuba nayiphi enye iiseli zegazi iyenyuka okanye iyancipha okanye ukuba ngaphezulu kweyunithi yegazi ichaphazelekayo. Le ngcaciso inokukhokelela ekuxilongeni okanye ukwazisa ukuba ngaba kufuneka umsebenzi ophezulu. I-smear yegazi ingabandakanywa kunye neCBC kwaye ivumela ugqirha wakho (okanye u-pathologist) ukuba ajonge iiseli zegazi phantsi kwe-microscope ukubonelela ngolwazi olongezelelweyo luncedo.

Ukuba unegazi elininzi, ugqirha wakho uya kukhangela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuba yi "coags". "Ii-Coag" ziquka iimvavanyo ezimbini ezijonge inkqubo yakho ye-coagulation-ixesha le-prothrombin (PT) kunye nexesha le-thromboplastin (PTT) elincinane.

• Indlela iIzimbozo zeGazi eziThatywayo

• Inkohlakalo yokuThambisa: Iimpawu, iimpawu kunye neengxaki

Ezi mvavanyo zinika ulwazi olubanzi malunga nendlela igazi lakho eliva ngayo. Ukuba i-PT okanye i-PTT ihlala ide (ibonisa ukuba unako ukuphuma igazi kunabanye abantu), kuza kwenziwa umsebenzi oqhubekayo. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela amanqanaba eempawu ze-coagulation okanye uhlole umsebenzi weeplatelet zakho.

Amacwecwe egazi ahlukeneyo. Ukuzixilonga, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukucinga ngommandla. Kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni, i-ultrasound isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amacwecwe anokwenzeka. Kwimiphunga okanye ingqondo, i-CT (ikhompyutha ye-tomography) okanye i-MRI (imagination magontic resonance imaging) isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

Unyango

Unyango luchongiwe ngokuxilongwa kwakho. Ezinye izifo zegazi ezingapheliyo zinezonyango ezithile kodwa zingadinga unyango ngexesha leemeko ezinzima. Umzekelo:

• I-anemia ebangelwa ukungabikho kwensimbi iya kunyangwa nge-iron supplementation. I-beta enkulu ye-thalassemia, uhlobo olululweyo lwe-anemia, lugcinwa ngegazi leenyanga.
• I-Hemophilia inokuphathwa ngeemveliso zokuguqula izinto eziza kusetyenziswa ukuphatha ukuphuma kwegazi okanye, xa kunikwa rhoqo, kuthintela igazi (prophylaxis).

Kubalulekile ukuxoxisana nodokotela wakho ukuba yintoni unyango olungcono kuwe kunye nokuxilongwa kwakho.

ILizwi

Ukufunda wena okanye othandekayo mhlawumbi unengxaki yegazi inokumangalisa. Ngamanye amaxesha lo xinzelelo xa unyathelwa kwisikhungo somhlaza ukuze ubone ingcali. Oku akuthethi ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba unomdlavuza. Uninzi lwezilwanyana ze-hematologists luye lwaqeqeshwa kwi-oncology (ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa komhlaza) kunye nokusebenza kwiiklinikhi kunye ne-oncologists. Ngethemba, ukuba nokuqonda okungcono ukuba zeziphi iingxaki zegazi ziya kunciphisa ezinye zeengxaki zakho.

> Umthombo:

> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Cinezela O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). UWilliam Hematology (9th.). Imfundo yaseMcGraw-Hill.