Iziphazamiso zeplatelet zibhekiselele kwenye yeentlobo zintathu zeeseli zegazi-iiplatelets, ezikunceda ukulungiswa kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi. Iiplatelets ziveliswa kumnatha wethambo kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ezikunceda ukulwa nezifo, kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezithwala i-oksijini kwiimfucu.
Iziphazamiso zeplatelet zingafakwa kwiindidi ezinkulu: ezo zihambelana nenombolo yeplatelet (udidi oluqhelekileyo lweeplatelet li-150,000 iiseli ukuya kuma-450,000 amaseli nganye nge-microliter) kunye nalawo ahlobene nomsebenzi weplatelet.
I-Thrombocytopenia , ekhokelela kwinombolo yeplatelet engaphantsi-eqhelekileyo, inokuphuhliswa ukuba umongo weethambo awukwazi ukuvelisa inani eliqhelekileyo leeplatelet okanye ukuba iiplatelet zitshabalaliswa emva kokuba zenziwe.
I-Thrombocytosis , ebangela ukubala okuphezulu kunokuba kufumanekile, ingabelana nenye ingxaki yonyango okanye ngenxa yokuba umnatha wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezininzi. Iziphazamiso zomsebenzi wePlatelet ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kwaye zinokuba nezibalo eziqhelekileyo zeplatelet okanye i-thrombocytopenia ngokuxhomekeka kohlobo.
Amanani aseplatelet aqhelekanga awachaphazelekayo ngobudala okanye ngesini njengamaseli egazi abomvu okanye i-hemoglobin.
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zePlatelet
- I-thrombocythemia ebalulekileyo yinkinga ye-myeloproliferative apho umongo wethambo uvelisa iiplatelet ezininzi, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ama-blood clots.
- I-immune thrombocytopenia yintlupheko apho umzimba wenza ama-antibodies kwiiplatelets zayo. Umzimba uhlasela ngokungalunganga kwaye utshabalalise iiplatelet, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangele ukuba i-thrombocytopenia enamandla kunye nokungena ngaphandle kwegazi. Kubantwana, oku kudla ngokuba yinkqubo engapheliyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo yimeko engapheliyo kubantu abadala.
- Izifo ezinxulumene ne-MYH9 ziyiqela leengxaki zomsebenzi weplatelet . Ezi ngxaki zizuze ilifa (zidluliselwe kwiintsapho) kwaye zinokudibana nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kunye / okanye ukungasebenzi kweengso.
- I-neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) iyenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye kungekudala emva kokuzalwa. Kulo hlobo lwe-thrombocytopenia, kukho ukungafani phakathi kweeplatelet zomama kunye nalabo abasakhulayo. Ama-antibodies avela kumama atshabalalisa iiplatele zentsana, ezinokubangela ukuphuma kwegazi.
- I-Thrombocytosis (okanye i-platelet plate count) inokuvela emva kohlobo lwe-splenectomy (ukususwa kwe-spleen), ukusuleleka kwangoku kwintsholongwane, okanye i-anemia ye-anemia. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- active or secondary thrombocytosis. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kudala kwaye kuphucula unyango lweyona nto ebalulekileyo.
- I-congagital megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (i-CAMT) inqabile, inzala (inentsingiselo yokuba uzalwa nayo) ingxaki apho umongo wethambo awukwazi ukuvelisa iiplatelet ngokuqhelekileyo.
Iimpawu zeengxaki zePlatelet
Iimpawu zeengxaki zeplatelet ziyahluka ngokubanzi njengoko zifunyaniswa. Zixhomekeke kwibala leplatelet kunye nomsebenzi weeplatelet.
Iintlupheko ze-thrombocytopenia okanye ezihlobene nomsebenzi weplatelet ngokuqhelekileyo zikhoyo ngeempawu ezinokukhupha ezifana:
- Iimbopho
- Ukuphuma kwegum
- Ukuphuma kwexesha lokunyuka kwexesha ( menorrhagia )
- Ukuphuma ngexesha elide emva kokulimala okanye ukuhlinzwa
Ukungavumelani ne-thrombocytosis kungenzeka ukuba ingenayo impawu ebonakalayo. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo kakhulu weeplatelet angakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwegazi lamathambo (thrombi). Iimpawu zihambelana nokuphuhliswa kwamacwecwe egazi.
- Intloko
- Umbono utshintsha
- Iintlungu zesifuba
Ukuchonga iziphazamiso zePlatelet
Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokuhlola uvavanyo lweengxaki zeplatelet libala elipheleleyo legazi ( CBC ) . Olu vavanyo lwegazi olulula luquka ulwazi malunga nazo zonke iiseli zegazi, kubandakanywa nenani leplatelet.
Ugqirha wakho angacela ukuba iiplatelets zihlaziywe ngaphantsi kwe-microscope; oku kuthiwa yi- blood smear . Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba acinge ukuba iiplatelet zakho zikhulu okanye zikhona. Iintlobo ezininzi zeentlupheko zomsebenzi weplatelet zizalisekile kwiiplatelets ezikhulu kunezinye eziqhelekileyo, ezibonakalayo kwi-blood smear. Amanye angase alahleke izinto eziphambili zeeplatelet, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-granules.
Iziphazamiso zomsebenzi wePlatelet zingaba nenani eliqhelekileyo leeplatelet. Ezi ngxaki zivame ukusebenza ngokufanayo nezinye izifo eziphaphayo ezifana ne- hemophilia . Iimvavanyo zovavanyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- coagulation izifundo, (njengexesha leprothrombin, okanye i-PT, nexesha elincinane le-thromboplastin, okanye i-PTT) ziqhelekileyo.
Ukuchonga izifo zomsebenzi weplatelet kunokufuna iimvavanyo ezizodwa ezifana nexesha lokulipha, i-platelet function test, i-platelet test aggregation, kunye / okanye i-platelet microscopy ye-electron.
Ukuba kukho iinkxalabo ukuba umongo wakho wethambo awusebenzi kakuhle, i- bone marrow biopsy ingafuneka njengenxalenye yomsebenzi.
Ukunyangwa kweengxaki zePlatelet
Utyando lweengxaki zeplatelet luye lwahluka kwaye luzimisele ngokuxilongwa. Ezinye iziphazamiso zeplatelet zingafuneki naluphina unyango oluthile, ngelixa abanye banokufuna kuphela unyango ngexesha leemeko ezinzima ezifana negazi.
- Ukuxilongwa kweplatelet kunokusetyenziswa xa unesifo esiphambili. Ukuxilongwa kweplatelet kungasetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet (kungakhathaliseki ukuba yi-platelet count) kunye neengxaki ezininzi zeplatelet ne-thrombocytopenia.
- I-Steroids efana ne-prednisone ingasetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kweplatelet ehlobene ne-immune, njenge-ITP.
- I-immunoglobulin engena-intravenous (IVIG) isetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kweeplatelet ezihlobene ne-immune, njenge-ITP ne-NAIT.
- I-Aspirin inciphisa umsebenzi weeplatelet kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela iinqwelo zegazi ekubeni zenze i-thrombocythemia ebalulekileyo.
- Amachiza anxamnye ne-fibrinolytic ayenziwa ukuba ancede ukuzinzisa iminyango ngokukodwa kwimimandla enomanzi ye-mucosa (umlomo, impumlo, uterus, njl.) La mayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziswe kule miqathango yeempumlo ze-nosebleeds, i-bleum bleeding, kunye ne-menorrhagia. Zingasetyenziselwa emva kokucwangcisa ukukhusela igazi.
Kubalulekile ukuxoxisana nodokotela wakho ukuba yintoni unyango olungcono kuwe kunye nokuxilongwa kwakho.
ILizwi
Ukuqhawula kwi-distillet disorder kungangalisa. Ukuqonda imbangela yokuphuma kwamanzi kuya kukuvumela wena kunye nodokotela wakho ukuba axoxe ngeendlela ezingcono zokonyango. Ukuba isifo sakho seplatelet sizuze ilifa, le ngcaciso inokukunceda ukuba ugqibe ukuba amanye amalungu omndeni kufuneka ahlolwe. Zama ukungavumeli ukukhathazeka kwakho kukufumana okusemandleni akho; xubusha iingxaki zakho kunye nodokotela wakho. Ngenxa yokuba banokufumana iimpawu ezifanayo kunye noonyango, abantu abaneengxaki zeplatelet bangaphathwa kwiziko lokunyanga i-hemophilia.
> Umthombo:
> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Cinezela O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). UWilliam Hematology (9th.). Imfundo yaseMcGraw-Hill.