I-anti-depressants, i-anticonvulsants, kunye ne-narcotics zenza olu luhlu
Xa kuziwa kumachiza enkathazo engapheliyo, kukho ukukhetha okuninzi kuninzi apho. Uyazi njani ukuba yintoni imichiza yentlungu efanelekileyo kuwe? Iindidi ezahlukileyo zonyango zonyango zichazwe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kusekho ukhetho oluninzi olukhoyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokwenza uzame iintlobo ezimbalwa zeempawu zentlungu, okanye udibaniso lwembalwa, ukuze ufumane uncedo.
IOpioids (Narcotics)
I-opioids iyimithi yeentlungu ezisetyenziselwa ukuthotyelwa kwintlungu engapheliyo. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwexesha elide kuye kwaba yinto ephikisanayo, abaninzi ababonelela baziva xa behlolisiswe ngokucophelela, i-opioids inendawo yokulawulwa kabuhlungu obungapheliyo. I-opioids inokuba yinto emfutshane okanye i-pain-acting long-medication, nangona kunjalo, ekulawuleni ubuhlungu obungapheliyo , oku kusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-opioids zisetyenziselwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuhlungu obungapheliyo. Ezi nyeza zentlungu zifumaneka kwipilisi yesibini okanye ifom. I- opioids e- intravenous iyafumaneka kwakhona, nangona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yesifo somhlaza, okanye njengemithi yesikhumba esilula. Eminye imizekelo yeopioids esetyenziselwa ukuphatha intlungu engapheliyo i- oxycodone kunye ne-fentanyl. I-opioids ingasetyenziselwa yedwa, okanye idibaniswe namanye amayeza enjenge-acetaminophen.
Nangona i-opioids ihlala isebenza ngokubhekisele kwintlungu engapheliyo, inokuba neengxaki ezinokwenzeka.
I-opioids inokubangela i-nausea, ukulala, ukuzithemba, ukungasebenzi kwezesondo kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuxhomekeke emzimbeni. Ukuba uthatha i-opioids rhoqo ngenxa yobuhlungu obungapheliyo, ugqirha wakho kufuneka akujonge ngokukhawuleza malunga nemiqondiso yeengxaki zamachiza ezinhlungu.
IiNSAID kunye neAcetaminophen
I-NSAID kunye ne-acetaminophen ayi-analgesics engekho i-opioid, imilenze yeentlungu esoloko isetyenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheliyo.
I-NSAID kunye ne-acetaminophen ingasetyenziselwa yedwa ukuphatha intlungu engapheliyo, okanye idibaniswe namanye amayeza enhlungu njengama-opioids kunye nama- analgesics adjuvant. Zingasetyenziswa ukulawula intlungu .
Ngokungafani ne-opioids, ezininzi ze- NSAID zifumaneka kwi-counter-counter. I-Acetaminophen iyafumaneka kwakhona xa kuthengwa ngaphandle kwemithi. Nangona kunjalo, iinguqulelo zogunyaziso ezinamandla nazo ziyafumaneka kwiinkatho zonyango ezingapheliyo. Eminye imizekelo ye-NSAID esetyenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheliyo ibuprofen, naproxen, kunye ne-meloxicam.
Ngelixa i-NSAID kunye ne-acetaminophen zifumana iyeza zentlungu efumanekayo, zineempembelelo ezinobungozi. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunyusela ithuba lemiphumo emibi, nangona kunjalo, nokuba kusetyenziswe ixesha elifutshane kunokushiya usengozini. Ezi zibandakanya izilonda zamathumbu kunye nokuphuma kwegazi kunye nokwanda okwenyukayo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-NSAIDS , ngokukodwa kwi- COX-2 inhibitors ekhethiweyo , inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa intliziyo okanye ukubetha. Nangona kunjalo, amachiza ngamnye ahlukile kwaye kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho ngeengozi kunye neenzuzo ngamnye.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwa yi- analgesics adjuvant . Azinakulwanga ngokukodwa njengamachiza enhlungu, nangona iyakwazi ukuphatha kakuhle iintlobo ezithile zeentlungu ezingapheliyo.
Abaxinzelelekileyo bacinga ukuba baphathe intlungu engapheliyo ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, banokutshintsha indlela intlungu ebonakala ngayo ukusuka emthonjeni womgcini ukuya kwingqondo. Okwesibini, banokunciphisa uxhalaba kwaye bancedise ukulawula ubuthongo.
Azikho zonke iintlobo zokuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ezixhatshazwayo ziyiluncedo njengemichiza engapheliyo. I-Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) ezifana ne-amitriptyline, i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs) ekhethiweyo njenge-duloxetine nezinye izinto ezifana nefazodone ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha iintlungu zombilini ezingapheliyo kunye neentlungu zentlungu . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (ii-MAOIs), ayisebenzanga ekulawuleni ubuhlungu.
Anticonvulsants
Nangona kunokuba kukuzwakala kungaqhelekanga, i-anticonbulsants, esetyenziswa rhoqo ekulawuleni iziphazamiso zokungena, ingasetyenziswa njengamayeza enhlungu. I-Anticonvulsants nazo zi-analgesics ezihlaziyiweyo. Ngenxa yokuba zisebenza ngokuvimbela iintlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane zentsholongwane, zinokunciphisa intlungu ye-neuropathic , njengalezo ezibangelwa yi -neuralgia ye-trigeminal okanye i-neuropathy ye-diabetes. I-Anticonvulsants ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengamayeza enhlungu ziquka i-gabapentin kunye ne-pregabalin.
Uhlalutyo lweengqungquthela
Iimpawu ze-analgesics zintlungu zonyango eziye zisetyenziselwa ulusu. Zifumaneka njengama-creams, i-lotions okanye i-patches. Ezinye iintlobo zemithi yeentlungu zentlungu zingathengwa nge-counter-counter-counter, kanti ezinye zifuna isigunyaziso sogqirha. Umsebenzi ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwisithako esisebenzayo. Ezinye iimpawu zengqondo zineengxaki zonyango ezithunyelwa ngesikhumba, njenge-sallamine salicylate (i-Aspercreme). Ezinye ziqulethe isikhumba esicasulayo esingabaphazamisa intlungu, njengengqondo ye-capsaicin.
Ukukhusela
Unokuthatha uhlobo oluthile lwenyango yomzimba wakho, okanye ungasebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zalabo abhalwe apha ngentla ukulawula intlungu yakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kunjalo, qi ni sekisa ukusebenzisa iyeza lakho nje ngokuyalelwe. Uninzi lwamachiza enamayeza lunxibelelwano lwezonyango , kubandakanywa eziliqela kwezo zibhalwe ngasentla. Ukuba uthatha amayeza amaninzi, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuze akwazi ukukuphazamisa nayiphi na ingxaki.
Imithombo:
I-American Chronic Pain Association. I-APCA Amachiza kunye nobuhlungu obungapheliyo: I-Supplement 2007 . http://www.theacpa.org/documents/ACPA%20Meds%202007%20Final.pdf.
I-Merck Manuals iTree Library yeLayibrari. Ubuhlungu: unyango. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/pain/kunyame---pain.