I-superbug iyigama elisetyenziswe kwi-media-media ukuchaza uhlobo lwebhaktheriya olunqabile kwi-antibiotics echaziweyo. Ezi ntsholongwane ezikhulayo zebhaktheriya zingabangela uxhalaba njengoko ngamanye amaxesha singenazo iziyobisi ukunyanga izifo esasiphatha ngayo. Sithetha ngokufikelela kwixesha le-Post-Antibiotic. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwee-antibiotics kuthetha ukuba siye savumela ukuba inani lezimbungulu likhule lichasene nala mayeza kwaye iziyobisi azisebenzi.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ze-bhakteria ezithathelwanayo eziye zavelisa ukuchasana kwama-antibiotic kwaye ngoku ziqwalaselwa njenge-Superbugs.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi esinokukwazi ukunciphisa ithuba lala machiza. Iigonyana zinokukunceda ukukhusela la mayeza. Nangona indlela endala yokulawula izifo - usebenzisa i-Phages - esebenzisa i-bacteriophages okanye iindiza ezichaphazelayo nokulawula ii-bacterium.
Ziziphi ezinye ii-Superbugs eziPhakamileyo?
I-Staphylococcus aureus engamelana ne-Methicillin (MRSA)
I-Staphylococcus aureus (okanye ngokubhekiselele ngokungachazwanga ngokuthi "iStaph") ibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa mhlawumbi ininzi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"bacteria yokudla inyama". Phantse i-25% ukuya kwi-30% yabemi bonke abakholiswe kunye neStaph kwimpumlo yabo okanye ebusweni besikhumba sabo, kodwa xa ifumana indlela yayo ngaphaya komqobo wesikhumba, inokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo, ukususela kwiintsholongwane ezincinci, kuquka iimpumpi okanye iibilisa, kwizifo ezithinteleyo ezingakhokelela kwiziphumo ezibulalayo, ezifana ne-pneumonia okanye i-sepsis.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, i-penicillin kunye ne-methicillin zazibhekwa njengonyango oluhle lwezonyango ze-Staph. Iintlobo ze-Staph ezichasene ne-methicillin zabonwa kuqala kwizibhedlele nakwezinye izibonelelo zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-MRSA enxulumene noluntu sele ixhaphake. Inqaku lwakutshanje kwiJAMA liqikelele ukuba ngowama-2005, i-MRSA isulele abantu abangaba-9,000 baseMerika, aba-1 kwabangu-5 ababethathakayo.
I-TB-resistant drug (MDR - kunye ne- XDR-TB )
Isifo sesifo sofuba, esaziwa nangokuthi "ukusetyenziswa", sisifo esichukumisayo sokuphazamiseka esifumaneka ngokufuthwa kwemiphunga emiphakeni, apho kunokubangela izifo (isifo sofuba), kodwa kunokusasazeka kwezinye izitho emzimbeni, okubangele iintetho ezahlukeneyo (i-meningitis, Izifo zikaPott, njl.). Ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kwee-antibiotics, isifo sofuba sasingenakugula. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwee-antibiotics ezaqala ngowe-1940, isifo sofuba esinganyangekiyo (MDR-TB) siphumelele kwaye sisona sizathu esibangela ukufa, ngakumbi kubantu abane-HIV. I-MDR-TB ibangelwa yimimandla ye- Mycobacterium isifo sofuba esinganyangekiyo ubuncinane kwi-antibiotics i-isoniazid ne-rifampicin. I-subset ye-MDR-TB, isifo sofuba esingapheliyo (XDR-TB), esibangelwa yimimandla engaqhelekanga engaxhatshaliyo kwi-isoniazid kunye ne-rifampicin, kunye nemigca yesibini (okanye ukulandelwa). Zombili i-MDR- ne-XDR-TB ayinqabile kwi-US, kodwa abantu abane-HIV basengozini enkulu yokusuleleka.
I-entococcus engaxhatshazwayo ngamachiza
I-Enterococcus faecalis kunye ne- Enterococcus faecium ifumaneka kwilungu kunye neendlela zesini somzimba kwaye zingabangela ukusuleleka kwezigulane, ukusuleleka kwegazi kunye ne-meningitis.
I-Enterococci ingabangela izifo ezibulalayo kubantu abaneempilo eziphathekayo, njengabantwana kunye nabalupheleyo. Iintlobo ezininzi ze-entococci ezingamelana neziyobisi ziye zavela kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, kubandakanyeka ezinokumelana ne-penicillin, i-vancomycin, ne-linezolid.
I-Streptococcus pneumoniae engaxhatshazwayo
I-Streptococcus pneumoniae yimbangela eqhelekileyo yezifo zentloko kubantwana, i-meningitis, intsholongwane ye-system, kunye ne-pneumonia. Iintambo ezichasene ne-penicillin kunye nezinye antibiotics ezinjenge-penicillin zinyuka kwiminyaka engama-30 edluleyo kwaye zinoxanduva lwepesenti enkulu yokufa nokugula e-US.
Okunye
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Antibiotics kufunyanwa kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo zebhaktheriya kwizinga elinoyikisayo. Kukhona i- CRE , i- Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae . - eyasasazeka ikakhulu kwizibhedlele. Ezinye iintsholongwane zebhakteria kunye nokuchasana kwamachiza okuchazwayo zibandakanya, kodwa azinqunywanga , i- Pseudomonas aeruginosa ("i-pathogen" echaphazelekayo echaphazela abantu abangenayo i-immunocompromised individuals), i- Streptococcus pyogenes (enye inhlobo yeebhaktheriya zokutya inyama kunye nesibambiso se-strep emqaleni, impetigo, kunye nebomvu umkhuhlane) kunye ne- Proteus vulgaris (isizathu sezifo ezininzi zokungena kwi-urinary). Izifo ezinokumelana nazo zingasasazeka ngokuhamba okanye ngesondo - njengeShigella enganyangekiyo .
Imithombo:
Ulwazi lwe-MRSA oluntu-oluhlangene noluntu. CDC. 11 Agasti 2008
Klevens, R. Monina, et al. "Izifo ezithintekayo zeMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus eUnited States". JAMA 2007 298: 1763-1771. 30 uJulayi 2008.
Ishiti yeenyani. Isifo sesifo seTransculosis (Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis) (i-MDR TB). Ulwahlulo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo. CDC. 11 Agasti 2008
Ishiti yeenyani. Isifo sofuba esisisigxina (XDR TB). Ulwahlulo lweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo. CDC. 11 Agasti 2008
I-Hyucke, uMarko M, uDaniel F. Sahm, noMichael S. Gilmore "I-Enterococci e-Multiple-Drug Resistant: I-Nature of Problem ne-Agenda yekamva". Izifo ezithintekayo ezichaphazelekayo ngoMeyi-Juni 1998 4: 239-249. 30 uJulayi 2008.