Iingxaki zomhlaza weLung

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Iingxaki zengculaza ye-Lung Wonke umntu kufuneka azi

Umhlaza womlenze unzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokongeza iingxaki. Nangona unolwazi oluncinane lunokuhamba ixesha elide ekuqinisekiseni ukuba unokunyamekela kangcono xa unayo. Ukusuka kumacandelo egazi kwiimpawu ezimbi ezimbi, ezi ngxaki zingenako ukunciphisa umgangatho wobomi kodwa zingasongela ubomi xa zingashiywanga.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba ziphi iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo ngomhlaza wemiphunga ? Thatha isikhashana uhlolisise ezinye zeempawu kunye neempawu kunye nokucwangcisa isicwangciso kunye neentsapho zakho kufuneka zenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko uzifunde ngokufutshane ngezi ngxaki ezilandelayo ezi-10 ezenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abaphila nomhlaza wemiphunga.

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Ukuxhamla kweMalignant Pleural Effusion

Ukuxhatshazwa kwesicengceko esibi kukubhekiselele ekukholeni kwesohlwayo (ukuqokelela umthamo kwisithuba sokungqinelana) apho iiseli zomhlaza zikhoyo. Le nkxalabo ivela malunga nama-30 ekhulwini labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaye ichaza umhlaza njengomgangatho wesine (umetastatic) umhlaza wamaphaphu .

Oogqirha banokukrokrela ukuchithwa kwesigxina ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho okanye ukufundwa ngeso lengqondo njengesifo se-x-ray, CT scan yakho okanye i-MRI.

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo luphefumlelwe , kodwa ezinye iimpawu zikhona. Ezi ziquka ukukhwehlela okusoloko kunemeko (ukukhwehlela kuya kuba bhetele okanye kubi ngakumbi kuxhomekeke kwisikhundla ohleli kuzo okanye ulele) kunye nentlungu yesifuba.

Ukuba ugqirha uyakrokra ukutshatyalaliswa kwesigxina, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye nezifundo zokucinga, unokubonisa ukuba i-thoracentesis. Kule nkqubo, inaliti ende ifakwe eludongeni lwesifuba kunye nendawo yokuhlala (indawo ephakathi kweembrane ezinomgca ezinobumba emiphakeni.) I-flux ke ihoxiswa ukuze incedise iimpawu kunye nokuhlalutya phantsi kwe-microscope.

Ubukho beeseli zomhlaza kwi-pleural fluid zifumanisa ukuxhatshazwa okubi kakubi, kodwa akusiyo yonke into eyenziwa ngabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokwahlukileyo, ngaphezu kwesigamu se-effusions, nakubantu abanomdlavuza ophezulu wamaphaphu, banobungozi.

Kwabaninzi abantu abanomdla obulalayo, ukuxhamla ngokukhawuleza kuphinda kulandele unyango. Ukuba oku kuyichaphazela umgangatho wobomi ugqirha unokuncoma inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pleurodesis . Kule nkqubo, i-chemicals (talc) ifakwe kwi-tube thoracotomy ibe yindawo yezikhalazo. I-talc ke ibangele ukuvuvukala, ekugqibeleni kubangele iingubo ezi-2 ze-pleura ukuba zidibane kunye ukuze i-fluid ingakwazi ukuqokelela kwindawo.

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Izambatho zegazi (i-Deep Venous Thrombosis) kunye nePulmonary Emboli

Igazi lelaphu emilenzeni okanye emagqabeni atholakala kwipesenti ezi-3 ukuya kuma-15 ekhulwini abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaye bangabangela iingxaki ezibalulekileyo. Izambatho ezikhoyo emlenzeni zingabangela ubuhlungu kunye nokuvuvukala, okunokubangela ukongela ubomi ukuba i-clot isuke ihambe kwaye ihambe emapapheni ( empomini emboli .)

Izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ukungasebenzi, kunye nokuhamba nokuba ngemoto okanye ngeenqwelo.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya ubomvu okanye ukuvuvukala kwamathole okanye emilenzeni, kodwa ubuncinane kwisithathu sabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kukho ukungabikho kwempawu. Xa i-pulmonary emboli ikhula, abantu bangahlakulela ubuhlungu obuhlungu besifuba kunye nokuphefumula okukhulu.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba iingubo zegazi azigcinelwe abantu abanomdlavuza omdala kunye ophezulu. Enyanisweni, iziganeko zegazi ziphezulu nakwabantu abasandul 'ukufumana umhlaza womphunga.

Hlola ezi ngcebiso malunga nokuqaphela nokukhusela ama-blood clots ngexesha lotyando lwemhlaza .

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Ugcini lweCordinal Compression

Ukunyanzeliswa kwentambo yomthambo kungenzeka kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu xa umhlaza usasazeka kwi-bone ( amathambo e-boneastases ) obangela ukuba buthathaka nokuwa kwamathambo omgudu.

Iimpawu zivame ukuqala ngentlungu entanyeni okanye ngaphantsi kwaye ungathuthuka ekuthathaka nokulahlekelwa kwintlungu kwimida. Ukuba intambo yomgogodla ibonakele kwintlambo esezantsi, unyango olungxamisekileyo lwezonyango olubizwa ngokuthi i- cauda syina syndrome lungakhula . Xa oku kwenzeka, abantu banokuhlakulela ukulahlekelwa kwesigxina kunye nesigxina umsebenzi ngaphezu kweentlungu ezinzima. Unyango olungxamisekileyo lufunekayo ukuze ulondoloze umsebenzi omninzi ngangokunokwenzeka.

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I-Vena Cava Syndrome ephezulu (i-SVC Syndrome)

Ingxaki ebizwa ngokuba yi- vena cava syndrome ephezulu (i-SVC syndrome) ivela kwi-2% yepesenti ukuya kwi-4 ekhulwini labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngokukodwa ngamathumba avela kwiindawo eziphezulu zemiphunga. Ezi zicubu zinokuxineka kwi-vena cava ephakamileyo-umtya omkhulu obuyisela igazi ukusuka emzimbeni ophezulu ukuya entliziyweni-ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi kwaye kubangele iimpawu eziphawulekayo.

Ezi zimpawu zingabandakanya ukuvuvukala ubuso, iingalo, kunye nomzimba ophezulu, ukwandisa kweemvini entanyeni nasesifuba, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ubunzima bokugwinya, kunye nokunyaniseka.

Utyando lujoliswe ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kwi-tumor, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisa i-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegazi ukukhusela ukunqanda.

Unyango olungxamisekileyo luyimfuneko xa i-vena cava syndrome ephakamileyo. Musa ukulinda. Ifowuni 911.

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IHemorrhage yePulmonary

Amathumbu omzimba angaphala ngaphakathi emaphapheni, kodwa nakwi-bronchi. Isimpawu sokukhwehlela igazi ngomhlaza wamaphaphu sinokungxamiseka kwezonyango, kwaye kunye neyincinci yegazi kufuneka iphandwe ngokupheleleyo. Njengento encinci njengepaspoon yegazi ithathwa njengongxamiseko lwezonyango.

I-hemoptysis enkulu (ukukhwehlela igazi) ithathwa njengento engaphezu kwe-100 cc yegazi, okanye i-1/3 yendebe. Xa oku kwenzeka ukuba izinga lokufa linokuphakama njengama-30 ekhulwini.

Ngokunyamekela ngokukhawuleza, oogqirha bahlala bekwazi ukufumana umthombo kwaye bayeke ukuphuma, kodwa ixesha libalulekileyo. Musa ukulinda. Ifowuni 911.

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Hypercalcemia

I-Hypercalcemia kwizigulane zomhlaza (iqondo eliphakamileyo le-calcium egazini) lifumana ukufumana okuqhelekileyo, okufumaneka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini labantu abanomdlavuza ophezulu.

Iimpawu ze- hypercalcemia kwizigulane zomhlaza zingabandakanywa iintlungu zesisundu kunye kunye kunye kunye ne-spasms, i-nausea, ubuthathaka kunye nokudideka. Ukungathandabuzeki, le meko ingabangela ukuba i-coma, kwaye ekugqibeleni ibulale.

Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukileyo apho abantu abanomhlaza abanokuhlakulela i-hypercalcemia. Esinye sinokukhutshwa kwe-calcium kwi-boneastas. Oku kunokuba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki zentsholongwane xa izintso zingenakukwazi ukususa i-calcium egazini ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye izicubu zinokukhupha izinto ezenza ukuvuselela i-calcium kumathambo. Nangona iimpawu zingezizo kwaye zidideke kunye nezinye iimeko, ukuxilongwa kubonakala kulula ukwenza ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Izinketho zonyango zixhomekeke kwinqanaba le-calcium egazini kwaye ziquka ii-fluids ze-IV, i-steroids, iziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bisphosphonates, ngamanye amaxesha i-dialysis xa iimpawu zinzima.

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Febrile Neutropenia

Uninzi lwabantu luye lwava ukuba i-chemotherapy inokunciphisa amanani e-white blood cells abeka umngcipheko wokusuleleka, kodwa akusoloko eyazi ukuba lukhulu kangakanani le nto. Sinezixhobo ezichasene nezixhobo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo ngoku ukulwa ne-neutropenia (uhlobo lwe-white white cell count count caused by chemotherapy).

Ukunyangwa kwezi zifo kunokudinga ukudibanisa i-antibiotics, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha uyazi ukuba usuhlobo lwe-chemotherapy xa unika isifo.

Funda malunga ne-neutropeni ngexesha le-chemotherapy , izilumkiso onokuzithatha, kwaye xa ubiza udokotela wakho. Wonke umntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlukile, ke qiniseka ukubuza i-oncologist yakho ngezikhokelo ezithile malunga neempawu zokubukela, kwaye nini ukubiza.

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Isifo sentliziyo

Zomibini unyango lwe-radiation kwisifuba kunye nezinye iziyobisi zamakhemikhali zingaphatha izifo zentliziyo, kwaye ukukhathazeka kwenhliziyo (yeyona ntliziyo) yinto ebalulekileyo kwimiphumo ebalulekileyo yechemotherapy .

Imithi eyahlukileyo iyakwazi ukuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemeko zentliziyo, ingaba isifo somgulo we-coronary, izifo zentsimbi, okanye i-heart failure.

Thetha ugqirha uze ubuze malunga nomngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo esifana nonyango lwakho. Ngaba zikhona naziphi iimpawu ezifunekayo omele uzijonge? Ngaba kukho na iimvavanyo omele uyenze ukuze uqaphele intliziyo yakho? Intsimi ye-carcac oncology iyaqhakaza, kodwa abantu abaninzi bahlala bengayazi malunga neengxaki ezi. Yiba ngummeli wethu, ubuze imibuzo, kwaye ungagxothi naziphi na iimpawu ezikukhathazayo.

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Ukudandatheka kunye nokuzibulala kwiCatter Patients

Ukudakumba kunokungaveli njengengxaki engxamisekileyo malunga nezinye zeengxaki ezixutyushwa apha, kodwa kunjalo. Ukuphela kwengcinezelo kwizigulane zomhlaza kunciphisa umgangatho wobomi, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba ukudakumba kudibene nokuphila okuphantsi kwesi sifo.

Kunokuba nzima ukuhlukana nokuxinezeleka kweklinikhi kwintlungu. Ngubani ongathethi xa efunda ukuba unomdlavuza? Nangona kunjalo ukuxinezeleka kuya phambili. Iimpawu zokuxhalabisa ziquka ukungaqiniseki, ukungenakunceda, amandla ampofu kunye nokugxininiswa kakubi.

Ipesenti ezili-15 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini labantu abanomdla wokudandatheka kwamava. Le nombolo ibonakala iphakamileyo kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, njengoko ukuhlaselwa kwesi sifo kungaholela ekuphelelwe ithemba.

Ukongeza kwixinzelelo, ukuzibulala kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanomdlavuza. Umngcipheko wokuzibulala uninzi kakhulu kumadoda, ngakumbi amadoda amadala. Yintoni enokumangaliswa kukuba ukudandatheka nokuzibulala akuqhelekanga into eqwalaselwa nje xa unyango luphumelele. Enyanisweni, ubungozi obukhulu bokuzibulala bubonakala bubonakala kunyaka wokuqala, ngokukodwa iveki yokuqala emva kokuxilongwa. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka uwazi ntoni ngomhlaza nokuzibulala ?

> _Imithombo:

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> _{Cho, J. et al. Umphakathi Phakathi kweStigma ye-Cancer kunye nokuPhalazelwa phakathi kwabaPhezulu beCans: uphando lweSizwe lonke eKorea. Psychooncology . 2013 Juni 20. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta)}

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> _{Johns Hopkins Medicine. Ugcini lweCordinal Compression.}

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> _{INational Cancer Institute. I-Cardiopulmonary Syndromes (PDQ). I-Vena Cava Syndrome. Ukuhlaziywa 09/02/15.}

> _{INational Cancer Institute. Uxinzelelo (PDQ). Ukuzibulala Ubungozi kwizigulane zeCanscer. INgxelo yezobuGcisa. Ukuhlaziywa 06/30/11.}

> _{Reagan, P., Rani, A., noMnu Rosner. Indlela yokuHlola kunye nokuPhathwa kwe-Hypercalcemia kwisiGulane kunye noBulala. I-American Journal yeZifo Zengqondo . 2013 Sep 7. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).}

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