Umngcipheko we-meningitis unganciphisa kakhulu ngeendlela ezisebenzayo kunye nezonyango. Uninzi lweziganeko ze-meningitis ziyasuleleka, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yokuthintela ukuxhaswa kwe-meningitis isekelwe ekukhuseleni nasekulawuleni izifo ezingasenza ukuba i-meningitis.
Ezinye iintlobo ze-meningitis azifaki, kwaye ukwazi izi zizathu kunokukunceda ukunciphisa amathuba akho ekuphuhliseni iintlobo ezingezangezosuleleka zesifo se-meningitis.
Indlela yokuphila
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangela ukuba i-meningitis ziqheleke ngokusingqongileyo kwimeko. Unokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa amathuba akho ekuphuhliseni i-meningitis ngokuphepha ezi zifo. Iintsana, abantu abanomzimba omzimba obuthakathaka, kunye nabalupheleyo, basengozini enkulu yokuphucula i-meningitis, kwaye banokuba nekhondo elibi kakhulu leengxaki ezineengxaki ezininzi. Ukuba ukhathalela umntu osemagqabini asemngciphekweni, qaphela indlela yokuphila yokukhusela ibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ziqhelanise ukucoceka okulungileyo: Iimpawu kunye neendlela, ezifana nokuhlamba izandla, ukubala okutshabalalisa, nokulahla izicubu ezisetyenziswayo, kunokukunceda ukugcina izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa i-meningitis. Ukuba ugxininisa izandla nabantu abaninzi kwiindawo zokushishina, umzekelo, ngumkhwa omuhle ukuhlamba rhoqo izandla ukuze ugweme ukuthatha isifo.
- Gweba izinto zokudibanisa / zokwabelana nabantu abaneentsholongwane: Izifo ezenza ukuba i-meningitis ixhaphaze. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu unokufumana intsholongwane, njengenkukhu yenkukhu, ngaphandle kokuba ne-meningitis. Kodwa intsholongwane ingabangela i-meningitis kumnye umntu obamba intsholongwane. Ukuba unako ukuphepha ukusuleleka ngokukhusela abasebenzi abasebenzisana nabo abangagula, bakhuthaza oogxa bakho okanye abahlobo bakho abantwana ukuba bahlale ekhaya xa begula, unokunceda ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwezifo.
- Gwema ukuhlala nabanye: Vala iindawo zokuhlala, ezifana nokuhlala kwikholeji, okanye kwimimandla yomkhosi, kunokunyusa amathuba okufumana isifo sengculaza. Ukuphila kwedwa akusoloko kuyinyaniso, kuba abaninzi abantu abafuni ukuhlala ngaphandle kohlobo okanye intsapho ngonaphakade. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo sokuzivikela, yinto efanelekileyo yokuphepha ukuhlala namaqela amakhulu abantu.
Iigonya
Ezinye izitofu zinokuthintela izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokubamba i-meningitis. Azikho izitofu zokukhusela zonke izizathu zesifo se-meningitis, njenge- E. coli okanye iStaplanlococcus aureus bterteria.
- I-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo lwe-h (Hib) lokugonya: Ukhuselo lwe-Hib lukhusela abantwana abancinci malunga ne- pneumonia , i-bacterium (ukusuleleka kwegazi), kunye ne-epiglottitis kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo lwebhaktheriya. Abantwana baqala ukufumana ukugonya kwe-Hib kuqala xa bezinyanga ezimbini ubudala, bephela ngeqondo lokunyusa xa bephakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwe-15.
- Izitofu ze-Meningococcal zikhusela amaninzi e- Neisseria meningitides iintsholongwane
- I-MenHibrix idibanisa isitofu se-Hib kunye namaqela e-meningococcal C no-Y kwintsholongwane enobungozi abasemngciphekweni ophezulu okhuselekileyo kwi-meningococcal disease
- I-Pneumococcal (Prevnar) evimbela amaninzi eStreptococcus pneumoniae
- Umgomo wokugonya
- Inkukhu yokugonya inkukhu
Imithi ye-Meningococcal
Iimpawu zokugaya i-meningococcal zikhusela kwiintlobo ezininzi ze- Neisseria meningitidis bhakteria, ezinokubangela ukuba i-meningitis kunye ne-meningococememia, isifo esisongela igazi. Ezi zitofu ezikhuselekileyo zikhusela kwi-serogroups ye-meningococcal A, C, Y, ne-W-135.
Iigciwane zeMenococcal ziquka:
- I-Menactra - i-MCV4 yokugoma i-serogroups A, C, W, Y
- I-Menveo - i-MCV4 yokugoma i-serogroups A, C, W, Y
- I-MenHibrix - ihlanganisa i-Hib kunye ne-serogroups C no-Y kuphela
- I-Bexsero - i-MenB yokugonywa kwe-Menogroup B kuphela
- I-Trumenba - i-MenB yokugonywa kwe-Menogroup B kuphela
Okwangoku kucetyiswa ukuba i-Menactra okanye i-Menveo inikwe bonke abantwana ekuhambeni kwabo ngokuqhelekileyo kumntombazana ukutyelela ugqirha wabo xa beneminyaka eli-11 okanye eyi-12 ubudala. Iintsholongwane kufuneka zifumane kwakhona xa ziqala isikolo esiphakamileyo okanye ukuba ziza kuhlala kwindawo yokulala ekholejini kwaye zange zifumane i-vaccinous vaccine.
Ngokutsho kweCDC, i-Menactra okanye i-Menveo iphinda ikhuthazwe ngala maqela alandelayo:
- Abavukuzi baseMelika
- Nabani na oya kuyo, okanye ehlala kuyo, inxalenye yehlabathi apho izifo ze-meningococcal ziqhelekileyo, njengeengxenye ze-Afrika
- Nabani na onesiphelo esonakalisiweyo, okanye i-spleen isusiwe
- Nabani na ophelileyo uncedisa ukusilela kwenkxaso (ukukhubazeka kwesistim somzimba)
- Abantu abasenokuba bavelele kwi-meningitis ngexesha lokuqhambuka
- I-Microbiologists eziqhelekileyo zibonakaliswe kwiibhaktriya zamadoda
- Izigulane zeMenB nazo zinconywa ngexesha lokuqubuka.
Incinci abantwana abasayi kufumana isitofu sokugonywa kwamadoda. Ukuba umntwana wakho usebandleni eliphezulu, unokufumana isitofu kwisithuba esincinane:
- MenHibrix ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-6
- Menveo iqala kwiinyanga ezimbini
- Menactra eqala kwiinyanga ezili-9
- I-Bexsero okanye i-Trumenba iqale kwiminyaka eyi-10
Ukukhathazeka Ngeentlovu
- Njengamanye amaninzi okugonywa okwenzelwe abantwana, i-Menactra, i-Menveo, i-Bexsero, kunye ne-Trumenba yonke inkululeko yama-thimerosal kunye nezinye izilondolozo. Nangona kungekho nxu lumano phakathi kwe-thimerosal, i-mercury, ne-autism, ukuba ezi zitofu zitsha zinezigulane ezikhuselekileyo ziyakwazi ukufumana iindaba ezilungileyo kubazali abaninzi.
Mayeza
Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza kunokunciphisa okanye kwandise amathuba akho ekuphuhliseni i-meningitis, nangona impembelelo yamachiza kwi-meningitis ayinamandla njengempembelelo yezinto zokuphila kunye nokugonywa.
Ukunyanga izifo
Izifo ezenza ukuba i-meningitis zichaphazele ezinye iisistim zomzimba, njengendlela yokuphefumula. Ukunyanga ezinye izifo kuqala, ngaphambi kokuba ziqhube phambili, zinokunciphisa amathuba akho ekuphuhliseni i-meningitis. I-antibiotics okanye i-antitivirals inokuthintela ukuba ezinye izifo zingabikho ngogonyamelo kwezinye iimeko. Ingaba ugqirha wakho ukhusele ukuba isifo sisenokunyuka kwaye senze ukuba i-meningitis isekelwe kwiinkalo zempilo yakho kunye nosulelo lwakho. Unokuthi ube ngumngcipheko we-meningitis xa unesiphene sokuzivikela komzimba okanye ukuba uye wajikeleza abantu abaye bahlakulela i-meningitis, njengengqumbo.
Amachiza okuqapha
Kukho amayeza anokubangela ukuba i-meningitis. Ukuphuhlisa i-meningitis ngokuphendula kumachiza akuqhelekanga. Kodwa, ukuqonda ngale mpembelelo kunokunceda ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba oogqirha bakho bangakwazi ukulungelelanisa imithi yakho njengoko kuyimfuneko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akusiyo ingcamango efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa imithi okanye i-anti-counter-counter-medication ngokweqile, ngakumbi ukuba unemeko apho iyeza lingazange liboniswe lisebenza.
Amachiza abangela iimeko ezingaqhelekanga ze-meningitis:
- NSAID
- Ama-antimicrobial, njenge-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,
- Immunoglobulins
- Immunosuppresants
- Imithi ye-Chemotherapeutic
- Injini ye-Intrathecal- imithi elawulwa ngogonyamelo lomlanjwane
Imithombo:
> Bruner KE, Coop CA, i-White KM. I-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-eyenza i-aseptic meningitis-kungekhona enye enye i-sulfa. Ann Annistry Asthma Immunol. 2014 Nov; 113 (5): 520-6. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.anai.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Septemba 17.
> Kepa L Oczko-Grzesik B, Stolarz W, Sobala-Szczygiel B. I-aseptic meningitis eyenza izidakamizwa ekhunjulwayo kwi-system central nerveous infections. J Clin Neurosci. 2005 Juni; 12 (5): 562-4.