Ukuqonda ukuSakhiwa kunye nokuSebenza koMathumbu Omkhulu
Ikholoni, elinye igama lomathumbu omkhulu, liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokutya. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ngamathumbu amakhulu njengomzimba nje wokugcina, umzila wokuthwala izondlo ezingenasiphelo esivela emathunjini amancinci ukuya kwi-anus ukuba ikhutshwe, kodwa le nxalenye inemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwisigca esisisigxina (GI) , kuquka:
- Ukubuyisela amanzi kwakhona nokugcina ukulinganisela komzimba wamanzi
- Ukuphunga iivithamini ezithile
- Ukucwangcisa izinto ezingapheliyo zokutya ezifana nefiber
- Ukugcina inkunkuma ngaphandle kokuqedwa (ukuguqula izibonelelo zokutya kwiimfesi)
Ubukhulu kunye nobude
Eli qumrhu libizwa ngokuba ngumathumbu omkhulu ngenxa yobuninzi (ububanzi) obumathumbu; likhulu kakhulu kunomntwanyana omncinci , kodwa lufutshane kakhulu. Amathumbu amakhulu aphakathi kwamathandathu ubude ubude, ngelixa isisu esincinci side ixesha elide, malunga neenyawo ezili-21. Iimitha eziyi-6 ezidlulileyo okanye isithintela esikhulu sibizwa ngokuba yi-rectum kunye nomsele wamanzi.
Anatomy
Ikholoni iphuma kwi-cecum (apho intlungu encinci idibana nomathumbu omkhulu) kwi-anus (apho inkunkuma iphuma khona emzimbeni), kwaye iqule imimandla emine ephezulu ebhalwe kulo mfanekiso apha ngasentla:
- Ukwenyuka kwekolon: I-colon ephakanyayo yinxalenye yokuqala yeengxenyana ezinkulu. Iqala nje ngaphaya kwe-cecum (isikhwama esifana nesakhiwo ekugqibeleni i-ileum-inxalenye yesisu esincinci esisuka kwisisu) esecaleni lesigxina sesisu nesenyukayo (iya kunyuka) kwindawo yesisu esezantsi isithintelo.
- Ikholoni ehambayo: I-colon ehambayo iyagijima ngokubanzi ngaphaya kwesisu esisuka ngasekunene kuya kwesobunxele.
- Ukuhla kwekoloni: Ukuhla kwekhaloni kwehla (kuya kwehla) kwicala lesobunxele lesisu esisuka phantsi kwesithintelo phezulu kwesisu kwisithili sekhohlo.
- Ikholoni ye-Sigmoid: Uxhumo olubunjwa yi-S phakathi kwendawo yokugqibela yekolon kunye ne-rectum, efumaneka kwicala elingasesinceleni lesisu isabizwa ngokuba yi-sigmoid colon.
Iintloko zeTisue zeNtlabathi enkulu
I-colon iqulethwe ngamacandelo amane eethambo, ezifana nezinye iindawo zendlela yokugaya. Ezi ziquka:
- I-Mucosa: Le ngongoma esingaphakathi kwaye yenziwe ngamathambo e-epithelial elula, okwenza kube lula (xa kuthelekiswa nomathumbu omncinci, oqulethe i-villi, ukutshatyalaliswa okuncinci ngomunwe). Iingqungquthela ezininzi zifaka i-mucus kwi-lumen yangaphakathi yomathumbu omkhulu, owenza i-lubricates surface and protects it from particles of food.
- I-Submucosa: I-mucosa ijikelezwe yi-submucosa, okuyi-layout yeemithwalo yegazi, iimbilini kunye nezicubu ezixhasayo ezixhasa ezinye iindawo zomathumbu omkhulu.
- I-Muscularis: I-submucosa ijikelezwe yi-muscularis, equlethe iindidi ezininzi zeeseli ze-visceral muscle ezithengisa kwaye zenze imveliso engcolileyo kumathumbu amakhulu kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi- peristalsis .
- I-Serosa: Uluhlu olungaphezulu, olubizwa ngokuba yi-serosa, luluhlu oluncinci lwezicubu ze-squamous epithelial. I-serosa ifihla umthamo wamanzi ohlinzekwa ngumbonakalo kumgangatho wekoloni okhuselayo kumonakalo ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana namanye amalungu omzimba kunye nezihlunu namathambo e-torso esezantsi ejikelezile.
Umsebenzi
Njenge-chyme, i-syurry of food digested passes from the intestine encinci ukuya kwi-colon ngokusebenzisa i-ileocecal sphincter kunye ne-cecum, apho ixubana neebhaktheriya ezincedayo ukusuka kwikoloni. Emva koko ihamba kwimimandla emine ye-colon (haustra) phezu kweeyure eziliqela ngenxa ye-peristalsis. Kwezinye iimeko, le nkqubo inokukhula ngokukhawuleza ngamaza anamandla angama-peristalsis alandela isidlo esikhulu.
IVitamin Absorption
Unokucinga ngamavithamini njengezondlo ezithatha phezulu kwi-digestive tract, kodwa i-colon idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwiivithamini ezithintekayo eziyimfuneko kwimpilo enempilo.
Ezi iivithamini ziveliswa ngama-bacterium enempilo kwi-colon ngokusebenzisa ukuvumba nokuquka:
- Vitamin K
- Biotin (i-vitamin B7)
Iimeko zezoLimo kunye neColon
Kukho inani lezonyango ezinokuchaphazela ikholoni. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- Umhlaza oqhelekileyo - Umdlavuza weColon unokuchaphazela inxalenye nganye yekholoni exoxwa ngasentla kwaye yimbangela yesithathu yokubangela ukufa kwabantu abanomdlavuza kumadoda nabasetyhini e-United States.
- Isifo sesibindi sokuvuvukala - Iimeko ezinjenge-ulcerative colitis zingathintela ikholoni, kwaye zandisa ingozi yokuvelisa umdlavuza wekolon.
- I-Diverticulitis kunye ne-diverticulitis - Iingxowa ezincinci (ukukhupha) zibiza i-diverticula ingahlakulela kwikoloni. Xa ezi zivuthayo zingakhokelela kwisimo esibuhlungu kakhulu esibizwa ngokuba yi-diverticulitis, ngezinye izihlandlo ekuthiwa yi "appendicitis yangasese".
- Ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi - Xa ikholoni ingenzi ngokufanelekileyo ukubuyisela kwakhona amanzi ukusuka kwikolon, ukubola kwamanzi kungabangela.
- Isithintelo samathumbu - ngamanye amaxesha i-colon iyancipha okanye ifakwe kwi-adhesion okanye i-tissue. Oku kunokubangela ukuba kubekho umqobo okhuselekileyo wesigxina, kwaye xa ungashiywanga, ungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwesibilini. Izibangela eziqhelekileyo ziimeko ezibangelwa isisu esiqhekeza esiswini, ezifana nokuhlinzwa kwangasemva kwesisu, isifo sesisu sesifo, kunye nesifo sokuvuvukala kweplavic.
- Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Vitamin - Xa i-colon ingasebenzi kakuhle, iivithamini ezinjenge-biotin kunye ne-vitamin K azixhamli ngokwaneleyo, zikhokelela kwiimpawu ezinxulumene nokusilela okuthile.
- Ukutyunjwa kunye nohudo.
Ngaphantsi kwi-Intestine enkulu
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, nangona abantu abaninzi becinga i-colon ngokuyinxalenye yindawo yokugcina, inemisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Inokuthi ichatshazelwe yimiqathango efana ne-colitis nomdlavuza ohlala kude kakhulu kwi-United States.
Imithombo:
Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Imigaqo kaHarrison yeyeza langaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.
ILayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. Izifo zeColonic. Ukuhlaziywa 02/15/17. https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html