I-Meningitis ukuvuvukala kwama-meninges, izicubu ezibandakanya kwaye zikhusela ingqondo kunye nomgudu womgudu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukusuleleka, kodwa kunokubangelwa ngumhlaza, amayeza okanye esinye isenzo sokuvuvukala. Xa i-meningitis ibangelwa ukusuleleka, usulelo luhlala lukhuhlane lwe-bacterial okanye utshosulelo lwentsholongwane.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Iimbangela ze-meningitis ziyahluka, nangona izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziyi-bacterial or infal infections.
Ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane zinokuthi zenzeke ngokunjalo, kwaye zinokwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abangenawo amayeza omzimba omzimba, nangona i-meningitis echaphazelayo ingathintela nawuphi na umntu.
Usulelo lweBhakterial Infection
Zininzi iintlobo zeebhaktheriya ezibangelwa i-meningitis. Uhlobo ngalunye lwabhaktheriya lunokubangela ukuba i-meningitis ibe liqela elithile leminyaka.
- Iintsana: Iqela B Streptococcus, iStraptococcus pneumoniae, uListeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli
- Iintsana nabantwana: I-Streptococcus pneumoniae, i-Neisseria meningitidis, iHaemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib), iqela B Streptococcus
- Abaselula nabaselula: i-Neisseria meningitidis, i-Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Abadala abadala: I-Streptococcus pneumoniae, i-Neisseria meningitidis, i-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib), iqela B Streptococcus, uListeria monocytogenes
- Isifo sesifo sofuba sisinxulunyaniswa neqela elithile, kwaye luhlobo olushukunyayo lwe-meningitis oluya kuqhuba ngokukhawuleza.
Usulelo lweNtsholongwane
I-meningitis e-Viral inokuchaphazela abantu abaneminyaka yonke ubudala, kodwa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-5 kunye nabasemagunyeni abo omzimba ababuthathaka ngenxa yezifo, amayeza okanye ukufakelwa kwimeko engaphezulu. Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga enye ubudala kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba obuthakathaka nabo banakho amathuba okuba ne-caseingitis enzima xa bayifumana.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zezidakamizwa zentsholongwane yilezi:
- Enterovirus
- Amathumbu
- Amanqaku
- Igciwane lesifo
- Intsholongwane yeHerpes simplex
- I-Varicella zoster- intsholongwane ebangela inkukhu
I-Meningitis yeFungal kunye neParasitic
Nangona kungabonakali kakhulu kunezinto ezinobungozi okanye iintsholongwane, i-meningitis ingabangelwa yizilwanyana ezifayo kunye nezifo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangenalo i-immune system.
Iingxaki zobungozi be-Meningitis ezithatheleneyo
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba, nangona izifo ezithile zingabangela ukuba i-meningitis, ukuba unosulelekile naziphi na izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-meningitis, awukwazi ukufumana i-meningitis, njengokuba i-meningitis iyinkcaso engavamile yintsholongwane, kungekhona umphumo oqhelekileyo sulelo.
Isifo samadoda esithintekayo sishukunyiswa yimibandela emininzi, kubandakanywa nobudala bakho, amandla akho omzimba omzimba, apho uhambe khona, nawuphi na uphando oye waba nalo, kwaye ukuba unobunye izifo eziza kutshanje.
- Ubudala: Amanye amaqela eminyaka asemngciphekweni ophezulu wokusuleleka nge-meningitis. Iintsana, abantwana kunye nabo bakhulile banakho ukuhlakulela isifo sengqondo samantombazane kunabantu abancinci okanye abadala.
- Iintsana, umzekelo, ziyakwazi ukufumana i-meningitis ngenxa yokuba ayifumananga zonke izitofu, kwaye ezininzi iintsholongwane ezibangela ukuba i-meningitis inokuthintela ngeigonyo.
- Abantwana basemngciphekweni ophezulu we-meningitis, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba abantwana abanempilo banamayeza aphindaphindiweyo kwizinga eliphezulu kunabantu abadala abadala.
- Abantu abadala asebekhulile bakholelwa ukuba banama-immune systems. Abantu abadala abakhulileyo banokuvakatyelelwa rhoqo kwizonyango kunye nezibhedlele, okwandisa ukuboniswa kwabanye abantu abanezifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa komama kwabantwana: Ukusabalala komama ukuya kubantwana kunokukhula xa umama enesifo sengosi yokuzalwa esenokubangela ukuba i-meningitis ibe ngumntwana osanda kuzalwa, njenge-herpes.
- Ukusileleka komzimba: Abantu abangenawo amayeza omzimba basemngciphekweni ophezulu wokufumana i-meningitis yokusuleleka. Ukuntuleka komzimba kungenziwa ngenxa yemithi yokugonywa kwe-immunosuppressant, i-chemotherapy, okanye nayiphi na isifo esichaphazela isistim somzimba, njenge-HIV okanye i-lupus.
I-Chemical Meningitis
I-Meningitis ingabangelwa ukuphendula okuvuthayo kumachiza athile kunye neenkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, inani lamachiza e-antibiotics kunye nee-NSAID ziye zadibaniswa ne-aseptic meningitis, nto leyo ibhekisela kwiminitisiti engapheliyo. Ezinye iinkqubo ze-neurosurgical, kunye ne-lumbar puncture, zingenza i-aseptic meningitis, nangona ingaqhelekanga.
Cancer
I-metastasis ye-cancer (ukusasazeka) ukusuka naphi na emzimbeni inokuhamba ukuya kuma-meninges. Iiseli zomhlaza zingaphahlalisa ama-mening kwaye zingabangela ukuphendula okuvuthayo.
Zizenzekelayo
Inani leengxaki ezizimelayo, ezibandakanya i-lupus ne-sarcoidosis, ziye zadibaniswa ne-meningitis evuthayo. Kulezi zihlandlo, iimpawu ze-meningitis zikhona kwaye ukuvuvukala kukhoyo, kodwa akukho nhlobo echaphazelekayo echaphazelekayo, kwaye ukugula kunokuphucula imithi ye-immunosuppressant.
Izinto zokuPhila kweengozi
Inani lezinto zokuphila ezinobungozi ziye zachongwa ngokubambisana ne-meningitis. Le miba yengozi yenza ukuba kube lula ukuba umntu avelele kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa i-meningitis.
Ukusekwa kweSikolo
Abantwana abakhulileyo esikolweni, abantwana abancinci abaya ekunakekelwa kwamasango, kunye nootitshala babo, basengozini okanye i-meningitis ngenxa yokusondelana kwabo emini. Impahla eyabelwe kunye nezinye izinto kunokunyusa ukusasazeka kosulelo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ubomi bomfundi beKholeji, okubandakanya ukwabelana ngeendawo zokuhlala nabanye abantu abaninzi, kwandisa umngcipheko we-meningitis. Ngokufanayo, amaqela eenkampu kunye namaqela ezemidlalo ahamba kunye asemngciphekweni wokufumana i-meningitis.
Ukusebenza Nezilwanyana
I- meningitis ye- Zoonotic ichaphazela abantu abasebenza okanye badlala ngokubanzi kunye nezilwanyana, kunye nabantu abahlala kwiindawo apho iibhaktheriya zifumaneka kwizilwanyana.
Ukudluliselwa ngesondo
Kukho izifo ezininzi ezithathelwana ngesondo ezingakhokelela kumadoda. Ngokomzekelo, ukusuleleka kwe-syphilis ehamba phambili ingaba yindoda ye-meningitis. Ukusuleleka ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo, okudluliselwa ngesondo, kunokuthintela isistim somzimba, okwenza kube lula ukuba usulelo lube yi-meningitis.
Uhambo
Ukuhamba kunganyusa umngcipheko wesifo se-meningococcal. Ukubonakaliswa kwezidalwa ezithathelwanayo ezingakaze zivelele kuzo, ezifana nesifo sofuba, umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhamba ukuya kummandla apho usuleleke khona. Oku kunokukubeka engozini yokwanda kwe-meningitis.
> Imithombo:
> Lv S, Guo YH, Nguyen HM, et al. Iimpawu ze-Pomacea ezixhamlayo njengezixhobo ezibalulekileyo eziphakathi kwe-Angiostrongylus cantonensis eLaos, eCambodia naseVietnam: Iziphumo zokuphuka kwe-eosinophilic meningitis. Acta Trop. 2018 uMatshi 21; 183: 32-35. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.actatropica.2018.03.021. [Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta]
> Turk VE, Šimić I, Makar-Aušperger K, Radačić-Aumiler M. Amoxicillin-yenze i-aseptic meningitis: ingxelo yengxelo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwamatyala apapashwe. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Sep; 54 (9): 716-8. i-doi: 10.5414 / CP202645.