Inkqubo ejikelezayo, uLamina kunye neNinzi. Umnxeba we-spinal Anatomy for Rest of Us

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Amagqabantshintshi

Ukuxilongwa kweentlungu ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubandakanya igama le nxalenye yomgudu apho ugqirha wakho akholelwa ukuba intlungu ivela. Eli nqaku lihamba ngeklasi ye-mini-crash kwizinto ezisisiseko zamathambo omgulane, ukwenzela ukuba ulandelelanise.

Ikholam yomgca yenziwe ngumntu omnye onama-vertebrae angama-24 aphuma ekhreyeni ukuya kwi-sacrum.

I-sacrum bone - eyona amathambo angama-5 aqala ukuxhamla malunga neyodwa ubudala, kunye ne-fusion ephelele malunga nama-30 ubudala-kunye ne bone coccyx, igcwalise umlanjana ngaphantsi kwekholam. (I-coccyx igama elinikwe umsila wakho.)

Kwiindawo ze-thoracic kunye ne-lumbar ngokulandelanayo, umgudu uxhamla kwiimbambo kunye neentsimbi ukwenza i-trunk, okanye eyintloko.

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Vertebra

Igama elithi 'vertebra' libhekisela kwelinye ithambo lomthambo. 'I-Vertebrae' ifom yeelwimi.

I-vertebra iqukethe umzimba wesigxina phambi kwaye ibhonkco yebony ngasemva.

Umzimba we-vertebra ngummeli we-stacking; ngamanye amagama, ikholomu yomgca yenziwe ngamagqabantshi angama-24, athatyathwa enye ngaphezulu kwesinye. Yilokho okunika uxhaswa lwesisiseko esisisiseko somgudu.

Indandatho yebony ifakwe kumqolo we-vertebral body; inezixhobo ezifaka isandla kwi-anatomy ehlangeneyo (leyo ingaba nzima, ngokukhawuleza.) La malungu anikezela neendawo zokugaya izigulane kunye nemigqa yokudibanisa.

Intambo yomthambo uyadlula kwi-tunnel ende esakhiwe yi-vertebrae exutywe phakathi kwintambo yomgogodla, ebizwa ngokuba ngumgogodla womgogodla. Umgudu womgudu womlenze wakhiwe ngaphakathi kwimiqulu yazo zonke ii-vertebrae ezingama-24 ezenza ikholomu.

Amagxobhoza avela kwintambo yomgogodla aze aphume emgodini ngeendlela ezincinci emacaleni amathambo, okubizwa nge-neuralforamina. I-neuralforamina yakhiwa ukusuka emagqabini emacaleni ama-vertebrae esondeleyo ahlanganiswe ndawonye.

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Amacandelo ama-Vertebral kunye neeDiskrit Intervertebral Discs

Umzimba we-vertebral yiyona nto inkulu kunye nenkxaso eninzi ye-vertebra.

Njengoko kuthethwe ngentla, umzimba we-vertebral isakhiwo esikhulu esijikelezayo esinika inkxaso yenkxaso ngekholam. I-vertebrae igxininisa phezu komnye komnye kwimibutho ye-vertebral.

Phakathi kwamalungu e-vertebral yi- disvertebral discs , ezijongene nokuxhatshazwa kokutshatyalaliswa ngexesha lokunyakaza. Benza oku ngokusebenza njengentambo ehambayo phakathi kwamalungu omzimba .

Iingxaki zedata eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuguqulwa kwe-dis kunye ne-disc. Iinyembezi zangasese enye inzakalo engakhokelela kwidiski ye-herniated , kodwa kungekho rhoqo. Ngendlela, i-disvertebral disc ihlala yindawo yokuqala emgodini apho kukho utshintsho oluneenkqubela ezidala (ezinokuthi wonke umntu ufumaneke).

Umzimba we-vertebral uchaza inxalenye yomda wendawo ephakathi kwintlambo yomgcini ogqitywa kuyo intambo yomgcini. Kwakhona kunomthelela kumgca wokugqibela we-vertebral , onokuba yindawo enye yokuguqula umgcoba.

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I-Facet Joint

Ikhonkco edibeneyo ifumaneka kwikhonkco yebony emva komqolo wamagxa.

Yakhiwe yinkqubo (eyona isanduliso sesithambo) esivela kwibini edibeneyo ye-vertebrae esecaleni - enye ngasentla nangezantsi. Kwinqanaba ngalinye (elibizwa ngokuba "inxalenye,") kukho inxalenye efanelekileyo kunye nekhohlo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi-4 zale nkqubo zithatha inxaxheba ekwakheni amacandelo e-facet nakweyiphi na inqanaba elinye, okanye inxalenye, yomgudu. Iinkqubo ezenza idibanti ye-facet zibizwa ngokuba yi "inkqubo ze-articular".

Umxholo odibeneyo wokwakha ohlangeneyo wenza ukuba ube ngumdlali oyintloko wokugcina umgca womgca womgcini ozinzile ngexesha lokunyakaza.

Amalungu e-facet abizwa ngokuba ngama-zygapopseseal joints. Leli gama elinzima ukubiza, abantu abaninzi, kuquka nabalingcali, bakhetha igama elithi "inxalenye ehlangeneyo."

Iingxaki ezinxulumene neemeko ziyinto eqhelekileyo yeentlungu ezibuhlungu kwaye ngokubanzi zihambelana nomzimba wesifo somgudu kunye / okanye utshintsho olusisigxina.

Enye ingxaki yangaphambili ebizwa ngokuba yi-spondylolisthesis iqala ngokuqhekeka encinci kwindawo engabonakaliyo eyaziwayo njenge-pars. Ukulimala kokuqala kuthiwa yi-pars defect; iveliswa ngokunyuka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwemigodi efana nohlobo olwenziwa ngabadlali abancinci abaqeqesha ngokukodwa. (Abantu abadala abaphakathi, ngokukodwa abo bakhuluphele kakhulu basengozini yokukhubazeka.)

Ikhohlo elingagqitywanga, i-pars defect ingahlakulela ibe yi-spondylosis kwaye ekugqibeleni i-spondylolisthesis, apho ithambo elinye liye lonakaliswa kwinqanaba lokushiya phambili okanye emva kwethambo elikulo.

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Iinkqubo eziHlangayo kunye neeNtshintsho

Kuyafana neenkqubo ezichazwe ngasentla, iinkqubo ezijikelezayo kunye nezicatshulwayo zibonakalisa ithambo ephuma kwindandatho yebony emva komzimba we-vertebral. Iimpawu ezinqamlekileyo kunye nezicatshulwayo zibukeka ezincinane nje ngomnwe.

Kwi-vertebra nganye, kukho iinkqubo ezimbini ezijikelezayo kunye nenkqubo eyodwa ye-spinous. Iinkqubo ezimbini ezijikelezayo zifumaneka ngaphesheya kwendandatho, ngelixa iprogram ye-spinous ifumaneka phakathi.

Ezi nkqubo zinikeza ii-sites apho imisipha emva kunye nemigqa ifakela khona.

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Pedicle

I- pedicle ibonakaliso elifutshane lesithambo eliza ngqo kwi-body vertebral. I-pedicle ihleli phakathi komva we-vertebral body kunye nenkqubo eguqukayo. Kukho ii-pedicles nge-vertebra, enye kwicala ngalinye.

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ILamina

I-lamina iyinxalenye ye-vertebra edibanisa inkqubo ye-spinous kunye nenkqubo ejikelezayo. Kukho ezimbini i-laminae, ekhoyo kwicala lepropin. I-lamina idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo yocandelo lokuhlinzwa emva kokuba kufuneka ukhulule iimpawu ezibangelwa uxinzelelo kwiingcambu zomgulane. Oku kuya kwenzeka kwimeko yesisu somgogodla.

Omnye uvunyelwe ukuhlinzwa kuthiwa yi-laminectomy, kodwa kukho nezinye, ngokunjalo.

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Iigulane zamagxa kunye nekholomu

Xa ubala i-sacrum kunye ne-coccyx, umgudu ngumqolo omde oguquguqukayo owenziwe ngamathambo angama-26 axhunyiwe. Iibhokhwe ezisecaleni lekholam (ebizwa ngokuba yi-neuralforamina, echazwe ngasentla) zenziwe yi-vertebrae yokusebenzisana; Iingcambu zeembilini ziphuma ezi zimbo, kwaye kuxhomekeka kwimeko yesithambo ejikelezileyo, zingadlala indima ebalulekileyo phambi okanye ukungabikho kwentlungu.

Imizekelo yeengxaki zangasemva ezibandakanya umchamo womgcini wesipelisi ziquka i-disc ye-herniated kunye ne-spinal stenosis.

Intambo yomgogodla ihamba phakathi kwinqanaba lomgca (umgudu womgogodla, odibeneyo) owenziwe ngamacandi e-bony of stack vertebrae.

Amagulane omguluma avela kumgca womgca kwinqanaba ngalinye. Baqala isebe zibe yingcambu yomgulane (sele ixoxwa ngayo) kwaye emva koko iyahlula iinqununu eziya kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba ukuba ziqoke ulwazi olusisiseko kwaye zibuyisele engqondweni, kunye nokuhambisa imiyalelo yokunyakaza kunye neziphumo ezivela kwingqondo ukuya imisipha.

Iingcambu zesisu zomgudu ziphuma ezi zithuba (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-intervertebral foramina) zenziwe phakathi kwembini ezikufutshane, ezitshiweyo.

Intambo yomgogodla iphelela emva kwe-lumbar yokuqala (indawo ephantsi ye-backtebra). Ngaphaya koko, kuyisisombululo semisipha kunye neengcambu ezibonakaliswe ngakumbi kunezibilini ezihlala ngasentla. Le nxalenye ibizwa ngokuba yi-cauda equina.