Iintlobo zesifo somhlaza esibangele iintsholongwane omele wazi
Ngaba zikhona iintsholongwane ezibangela umdlavuza? Ukuba kunjalo, yiyiphi i-virus, yintoni eyenza umdlavuza, kunye naziphi iidrange? Ngaba kukho nayiphi na indlela yokukhusela oku kungenzeki?
Iintsholongwane Ziyimpembelelo Yomdla WeCarcer
Unokucinga ukuba ezininzi iintsholongwane ziyinkxalabo ebangela ubanda obuqhelekileyo , kodwa ezinye zezinto ezincinci zininzi. Enyanisweni, kucingelwa ukuba emhlabeni wonke, malunga nama-20% eengcingo zibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
EUnited States, loo nombolo iphantsi, kodwa iintsholongwane zisacinga ukuba zenze phakathi kwama-5 no-10% weekresela.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezininzi iintsholongwane azibanga umhlaza. Ukongeza, nangona iintsholongwane zenza ukuba utshintsho lwezofuzo lufunekayo kwiseli ukuba lube nomhlaza, ininzi yale maseli ewonakalisiweyo isuswe ngamajoni ethu omzimba. Xa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kuholele kumhlaza, okwazi ukukhusela umzimba wokuzikhusela, kukho iimeko ezithile emsebenzini, njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi.
Ingaba Intsholongwane Yenza I-Cancer?
Intsholongwane ayikho into engaphezulu kweDNA okanye i-RNA ehlanganiswe ngengubo yeprotein. Oko kwenza ukuba bahluke kukuba abanalo izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze zisebenze ngokwazo. Banyanzeliswa ukuba bahlasele iseli esithathiweyo (kunokusityalo, isilwanyana, okanye ibhaktheriya) ukuze zikhule kwaye zivelise. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuba intsholongwane ingabangela umdlavuza.
- Ezinye iintsholongwane zingabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo. Ukuvutha kwesibangele kubangele ukwahlukana kweseli kwinkqubo yokwenza iiseli zibuyisele iiseli ezonakalisiweyo. Naluphi na amangqamuzana ahlula, kukho umngcipheko wokuguquka komzimba. Ngako oko, ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ezinye zee virus kuyabangela ukwanda kweseli, okwenza ukuba kubekho ithuba elikhulu lokuba iimpazamo kwizinto eziphathekayo ziza kwenzeka, ekugqibeleni zikhokelela kumhlaza.
- Ezinye iintsholongwane zingonakalisa ngqo iDNA kwiiseli ezibangelwa ngumhlaza.
- Ezinye iintsholongwane zingatshintshela i-immune system ukwenzela ukuba ayikwazi ukulwa namaseli omhlaza.
Iintsholongwane ezaziwa ngokuba zenza umdlavuza
Iintsholongwane ze-Cancer ziba yi-DNA okanye i-RNA virus. Iintsholongwane ezaziwa ngokuba nomhlaza zidweliswe ngezantsi, nangona kunjalo ukuba abanye baya kufumaneka kwikamva.
Qaphela kwakhona ukuba kukho ezinye iibhaktheriya kunye nama-parasites axhumene nophuhliso lomhlaza.
I-Papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) kunye neCarcer
I-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) yintsholongwane yesondo echaphazelekayo echaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 baseMerika. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwentsholongwane yesondo. Kukho i-HPV engama-100 eyaziwayo iinjongo ze-HPV, kodwa kuphela malunga ne-30 kwezi zicingelwa ukuba zibangele umdlavuza.
Iintlobo ze-HPV ezixhaphake ngokuqhelekileyo nomhlaza ziquka i-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18.
Ukugonywa kwe-HPV - ipempile ekhusela i-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18-ifumaneka kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 no-12, kwaye inokunikezwa ukuqala kwiminyaka eyi-9 kwaye ineminyaka eyi-26 ubudala.
I-Cancer ejongene nokutheleleka kwe-HPV iquka:
- Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko - Imingcipheko ephezulu yengozi ye-HPV inoxanduva malunga nayo yonke i-cancer cancer
- Umdlavuza weVulvar - i-69% yeengcingo ze-vulvar zibangelwa yi-HPV
- Umhlaza wesifo - I-91% yesifo somdlavuza wabantu abangelwa yi-HPV
- Umhlaza wesibeletho - i-75% yeengcingo zesifo sangasese ngenxa ye-HPV
- Umhlaza wePenile - 63% weengcingo ze-penile zihlobene ne-HPV.
- Umkhwa weNtloko kunye nomdlavuza we-Neck - Kucingelwa ukuba i-72% yamanomdla angasemva komva we-HPV.
Kweminye iminye i-cancer, idatha ayincinci.
Umzekelo, i- HPV inxulumene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu , kodwa ayikaziwa ukuba i-HPV igalelo ekuphuhliseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuba endaweni yoko, ukuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukwandisa ithuba lokuthenga i-HPV, okanye ukuba yinto eyenzekayo kwaye ayihambelani.
Ngombulelo, kubonakala ukuba ezinye zeekhensi zineziphumo ezingcono xa zihambelana nezifo ze-HPV. Ngokomzekelo, i-cancer ye-throat ecinga ukuba ibangelwa kukudibanisa ukutshaya kunye nokusela utywala kunobungozi obubi kakhulu kunezo zivakalelwa kukuba zibangelwa yi-HPV.
I-Hepatitis B kunye neCarcer
Ukusulelwa kwintsholongwane ye-Hepatitis B (HBV) kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi .
Ezi ntsholongwane zentsholongwane zixhatshazwa kakhulu ngokusasazwa kwegazi, isilwanyana kunye nezinye izifo zomzimba zomntu omnye komnye. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuchasana ziquka isondo esingakhuselekanga, ukutshatyalaliswa kosana kumntwana ngexesha lokubeleka, kunye nokwabelana ngeesalathisi ezingenayo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kakubi, kodwa kunokwenzeka nakwixesha lokubhala imiyalezo).
Uninzi lwabantu luphuma kwi-infection ye-hepatitis B ephezulu (malunga nama-70% aneempawu kunye nezinye iingu-30% ziyi-asymptomatic), kodwa abanye abantu baya kuhlakulela intsholongwane engapheliyo ne-hepatitis B, ngokuqhelekileyo abo bafumana isifo kwisifo sebuntwaneni kunye nabo abangenayo impawu. Umdlavuza wesibindi kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabo banesifo esingapheliyo sesibindi B (i-hepatitis B).
Uninzi lwabantwana abazalwa ukususela ngo-1980 baye bahlaselwa i-hepatitis B, kwaye abantu abadala abangazange bagonwe kufuneka baqwalasele ukwenza njalo.
I-Hepatitis C kunye neCarcer
Ukusuleleka kwe-Hepatitis C kwandisa ukwanda komdlavuza wesibindi. Kuze kube ngowama-1980, ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis C (i-HCV) kwaziwa ngokuba yi-A non-B hepatitis. Usulelo lokuqala lube neempawu, kodwa inani elininzi labantu abanalo iimpawu. Ngokungafani ne- hepatitis B , apho isifo esingahlali sisigxina, malunga nama-80% abantu abane-hepatitis C bahlakulela isifo esingasigxina.
Njengoko i-immune system iyaqhubeka ihlasela intsholongwane ngexesha, i-fibrosis iyaqhubeka, ekugqibeleni iholele kwi-cirrhosis. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli nako kunokubangela umdlavuza wesibindi.
Intsholongwane iyasasazeka ngegalelo legazi, njenge-transfusion kunye ne-IV yobisi beziyobisi, kodwa abantu abaninzi abanalo ingozi ebonakalayo yesifo. Ngoku kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu abadala abazalwa phakathi kowe-1945 no-1965 bavavanyelwe eso sifo, kunye nabanye abasengozini.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) kunye neCarcer
Intsha ye-Epstein-Barr ibonakala ngokuqhelekileyo ngokubangela i-mononucleosis kodwa idibene nokuphuhliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lymphoma . Ezi ziquka
- I-posttransplant lymphoma - Phakathi ko-1 no-20% wabantu bahlakulela i-lymphoma emva kokufakelwa komzimba, kwaye phantse zonke ezi zihlobene ne-Epstein-Barr ntsholongwane.
- I-lymphoma echaphazelekayo ne-HIV.
- I-Burkitt ye-lymphoma - E-Afrika, i-Burkitt ye-lymphoma ijongene nesiqingatha seentsholongwane zomntwana, kwaye i-98% yazo idibene ne-Epstein-Barr virus. Ikhonkco phakathi kwe-Epstein Barr kunye ne-Burkitt's lymphoma ayinamandla kubantwana abanesi sifo e-United States, kwaye bacinga ukuba i-malaria ingenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba kubantwana base-Afrika avumele ukuba intsholongwane iguqule iseli ibe ngumhlaza.
- I-lodphokin ye-Hodgkin - Kucingelwa ukuba i-Epstein-Barr igciwane lidlala indima kwi-40 ukuya kwi-50% yeziganeko zesifo se-Hodgkin e-US
I-epstein-Barr isifo se-virus esibizwa ngokuba yi-nasopharyngeal carcinoma kunye ne-gastric carcinoma.
I-Virus Immunodeficiency Virus (i-HIV) neCarcer
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nomhlaza zidibaniswe ngeendlela ezimbalwa . Njengokuba siye sazi iminyaka kangangokuba izidakamizwa ezingenayo i-immunosuppressive zingenza buthathaka kwi-system magneza eyenza i-cancer, ukuguquka kwe-immunosuppression ebangelwa yiNTSHOLONGWANE YAGAWULAYO inokubangela ukuba abantu banesifo sesifo somhlaza. I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, i-Hodgkin lymphoma, i-CNS i-lymphoma, i-leukemia kunye ne-myeloma yonke inxulumene nosulelo. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, kubonakala sengathi i-HIV iyanciphisa isistim somzimba (njengokuba i-malaria) ivumela i-Epstein Barr intsholongwane ukuba ibangele utshintsho olufunekayo ukuze i-lympohocytes ibe lymphoma.
Ukongeza kwi-lymphomas, i-HIV ikwandisa umngcipheko we-Kaposi's sarcoma, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeleko, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza womhlaza kunye nomhlaza wesibindi.
I-T- Lymphotrophic Virus (HTLV-1) kunye neCarcer
I-HTLV-1 yi-retrovirus (efana ne-HIV) eyenza umntu omdala we-T-cell leukemia / lymphoma.
I-Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8) kunye neCarcer
I-HHV-8 ingabangela i-Kaposi's sarcoma kwaye yaziwa nangokuthi yi-KSHV-Kaposi sarcoma virus ye-herpes.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
I-Merkel cell polyomavirus - eyaziwa ngokuba yi-McPyV-ingabangela uhlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba obizwa ngokuba yi-Merkel cell carcinoma. Sekunjalo nangona intsholongwane iyinto eqhelekileyo kubemi ngokubanzi, umhlaza obangelwa yiyo ayiqhelekanga.
Thintelo
I-ounce yokuthintela ixabiso lepilisi, kwaye kuyaphawuleka ukuba ezininzi zee virus ezinokubangela umdlavuza zisuka kumntu ukuya kumntu. Ukusebenzisa isondo ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ukungabi nokwabelana ngeenaliti yindlela enye yokunciphisa ingozi. Ukubaluleka kokuphila kwimpilo ngokubanzi-ukutya okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa - kuqiniswa ekuboneni ukuba umsebenzi okhuselweyo we-immune unokunyusa njani umngcipheko wezinye iintsholongwane ezibangelwa yi-virus.
Ukukhuselwa komhlaza obangelwa yii-virus kuyindawo enomdla yophando-ngakumbi ingcamango yokuba unako ukukhusela ezinye zeekhondom ngokusebenzisa izitofu zokukhusela intsholongwane ekungeneni komzimba kwindawo yokuqala.
Kwinqaku lokugqibela, izazinzulu zisebenza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane kunye nomhlaza kunye nokusebenzisa ezinye ii-virus ukulwa nomhlaza kunokuba zibangele.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. Ikhonkco phakathi kwe-HPV kunye neCarcer.
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. Iingcebiso zovavanyo lwe-Hepatitis C.
Geng, L., no X. Wang. I-Epstein-Barr i-Virus-related associated lymphoproliferative disorders: uphando kunye nokuphuhliswa kwekliniki. I-International Journal ye-Clinical and Experimental Medicine . 2015. 8 (9): 14656-71.
Grundhoff, A., noN. Fischer. I-Merkel cell polyomavirus, intsholongwane exhaphakileyo kakhulu enefuthe le-tumorigenic. Iingcamango zangoku kwiVrology . 2015. 14: 129-37.
National Cancer Institute. A magciwane.
Vedham, V., Verma, M., kunye noSahabir. Ubomi bokuqala-ntlupheko kwii-agent ezithathelwanayo kunye nophuhliso lomhlaza kamva. Ngonyango lweMhlaza . 2015. 4912): 1908-22.