Imiqondiso kunye neempawu zesifo somhlaza wesibindi zisoloko zibangelwa umonakalo wesibindi kwaye zingabandakanya ukuphuka kwesikhumba (i-jaundice), intlungu yesisu esiswini okanye isigxina sehlombe, okanye inhla ekhondweni elingaphandle kwesisu. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iimpawu zokulumkisa zingezizo, ezifana nokulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokukhathala. Ngamanye amaxesha izixazululo zesifo somhlaza wesibindi, njengesithintelo se-bile, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, okanye ukuphuma kwegazi ziyimpawu zokuqala.
Ekubeni kungekho vavanyo lokuhlola isifo somhlaza wesibindi, ukuba nolwazi ngeempawu kunye neempawu zendlela enokuzifumana sisifo kuqala.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ngokufutshane umhlaza wesibindi-oko kuvela kwisibindi-ukusuka kwiimbindi ze-foastus, oko kusasazeka komhlaza (isifuba okanye umphunga, umzekelo) ukusuka kwenye indawo yomzimba kwisibindi. Umdlavuza wesibindi ngokuqhelekileyo unesifo esikhulu esisodwa, ngelixa i- metastases (isasazeka) zihlala zizincinci kwaye zininzi.
Umdlavuza wesibindi sokuqala uvame ukudala iimpawu ngokukhawuleza, kodwa i-metastases yesibindi (efana nokuqhelekileyo) ingaba nesabelo esibalulekileyo sesibindi ngaphambi kokuba ifunyenwe.
Iimpawu zifana ne-hepatocellular carcinoma (umdlavuza wesibindi) kunye ne-cholangiocarcinoma (umdlavuza we-bile duct), kodwa i-bile duct khancer ihlala ibangele iimpawu zokuthintela (ezifana ne-jaundice) ngaphambilana neentsholongwane ezininzi zesibindi.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Njengeentlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, umdlavuza wesibindi kaninzi unemiqondiso embalwa okanye iimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo.
Njengoko eso sifo siyaqhubeka, iimpawu zayo ziqala ukubonakala, zenza umntu afune unyango. Ngenxa yokuqalisa ukulibaziseka kweempawu, umdlavuza wesibindi uvame ukufunyaniswa kwisiteji esiphambili (ngaphandle kokuba i-tumor ivela kufuphi ne-buct buct kwaye ibangela ukuphazamiseka ekuqaleni).
Iimpawu ezingenzeka ziquka:
IMisa yoBumzimba okanye iLump
Unokuziva unomthwalo onzima okanye ukuvuvukala kwiphondo elingaphantsi kwembambo yakho yomnxeba ngakwesokudla sakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo bunzima abubuhlungu, kwaye ukuba unentlungu, unokuba uzive ungakhululekile kwiindawo ezijikeleze ubunzima.
Ngamanye amaxesha isifo somhlaza wesibindi sibangela ukukhuliswa kwetheni kwakhona, oku kunokubangela intlungu okanye ubunzima obuvakalelwa kwisibilini esingaphezulu kwesisu.
Ubuhlungu besisu esiswini
Ubuhlungu, ukuphazamiseka, okanye ukuguquka kwicala elifanelekileyo lesisu esiselunxwemeni kungenzeka ngenxa yengcinezelo yesibindi sesibindi kwezinye izakhiwo okanye amaninzi kulo mmandla. Thatha emoyeni obunzulu uze ucinezele ngokukhawuleza phezulu ngaphantsi kwembambo yakho yomnxeba ngakwesokudla-oku kukuthi apho isibindi sakho silele khona. Ukuba unesibindi esandisiweyo (kukho izimbangela ezininzi), umda wesibindi sakho unokuthi uzive ungaphantsi kwisisu sakho.
Iphulo leBajaji leNyawo
Intlungu yentlungu ingabonakalisa uphawu olubi, njengoko imeko ikukuxwayisa ukuba kungabi nantoni na kufuphi nehlombe (ngenxa yendlela indlela yokutya ihamba ngayo emzimbeni wethu).
Oku kunjalo nomdlavuza wesibindi. I-tumor (okanye isasazeka kwi-tumor) inokucaphukisa iintsholongwane ezixelela ingqondo yakho ukuba intlungu ivela ehlombe lakho xa ephuma kwisibindi.
Le ntlungu ibonakala ihlombe elifanelekileyo, nangona inokwenzeka nakwephi na icala. Intlungu inokuthi iphinde ibuyele kwimva yakho.
Ukuba ufumana le nto, ingakumbi ukuba awuzange wenze nantoni na eyenziwa yinto eyenziwa yintshukumo yangoku yakubonayo, jonga ugqirha wakho.
Jaundice
I-jaundice ibhekisela kwimeko apho isikhumba, kunye nengxenye emhlophe yamehlo, kubonakala buphuzi. Yibangelwa ukwakhiwa kweetyu ze-bile ebusweni.
Itholakala lula ngokukhanya kwendalo, njengokungaphandle, kunokukhanya kwangaphakathi. Ukongeza kwesikhanya esikhumbeni, abanye abantu bayaqaphela ukuba ukunyakaza kwabo kubonakala kubomvu kwaye kuluhlaza kunokuba kube mnyama.
Ngaloo xesha, umchamo ungabonakala ube mnyama kuneqhelekileyo, nangaphandle kokungcola.
Ukutshiza
Ukwakhiwa kwezilwanyana ezinobisi kwesikhumba, okubangela ukuba i-jaundice, inokubangela ukuba kubonakale. Asisoloko sicinga ngokubamba njengesilathiso esinzulu, kodwa ukubetha okuhambisana nokunyanzeliswa kwesibindi kunokuba nzima kakhulu.
I-Bloat kunye nokuPhepha koPhuzo
Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kwisisu esisetyenziswe njenge- ascites kunokubonisa umdlavuza wesibindi. Kungathi uzive uqala ukubhubhisa; Abanye abantu bayayiqaphela ukuba iimpahla zabo azihambelani kakuhle kwi-waistline okanye ubukhulu babo bhinti butshintshile nangona bengazange bunzima. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kwisisu kuya kunyusela phezulu emiphakeni eyenza ukuphefumula okufutshane.
Ukungafihleki kwesisindo okanye ukuzuza
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenakuzenzela kungamkelwa ngabanye, kodwa xa kungangqinelani nokutshintsha kokutya okanye ukuzivocavoca, soloko ufanele u tyelele ugqirha. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachazwanga kuchazwa njengokulahlekelwa kweepesenti ezingama-5 zesisindo somzimba okanye ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwe-12 ngaphandle kokuzama. Umzekelo uya kuba ngumntu onama-200-pound ukulahlekelwa iipounds ezili-10 kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwimikhwa.
Ukufunyanwa kokulahlekelwa kwemithwalo kwenzelwe ukuba kuhlobene nomhlaza ongaphantsi komntu wesithathu wabantu abaqaphele ukuphononongwa kwezifundo, kuquka nomhlaza wesibindi. Kukho ezinye izizathu ezinzulu kunye, ngoko kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza uqaphele utshintsho olunjalo.
Inzuzo engalindelekanga kunye nokungazalindelanga kwindoda yesifo sesibindi. Oku kudla ngokubakho ngenxa yokwakha ngokukhawuleza kwe-fluid kwisisu (ascites).
Ukulahleka kwesidlo
Ukulahleka kwesidlo kungahle kube neengxaki ezininzi, kodwa kunokuba lunzulu neengxaki zesibindi. Oku kunokuhambelana nomoya wokuba uzele ngokukhawuleza, nangona udla ukutya okuncinci kuphela. Njengoko ezi zibonakaliso zibe ziimpawu zokulumkisa ezingekho nje ngomhlaza wesibindi kodwa ezinye i-kansa, ukutyelela ugqirha kuyafaneleka.
Isihlunu kunye nokuvuthwa
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba isifo somhlaza wesibindi singakhokelela njani kwisicuduzi kunye nokuhlanza, kwaye oku kuwuphawu oluqhelekileyo kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo. Kukho inani elikhulu lezinto ezibangela isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza, kodwa xa kwenzeka njalo, okanye xa kuqhuma, xela ugqirha wakho.
Ukukhathala kunye / okanye Ubuthathaka
Kubonakala sengathi wonke umntu ukhathele kule mihla, kodwa ukukhathala okuhlobene nomhlaza kuthatha izinto kwizinga elitsha. Ukukhathala komhlaza kuyahluke ngokukhathala okuqhelekileyo, kwaye akusona uhlobo lokukhathala oluphucula ngobusuku obuhle bokulala. Ngamanye amaxesha lo mqondiso kulula ukubona ukuba ukhangeleka emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezi-12 uze ulinganise amandla akho namhlanje malunga noko kwakunjalo ngelo xesha.
Fever
Umkhuhlane ophantsi, kodwa oqhubekayo, into ethile oogqirha abhekisela kuyo ngokuthi "imfiva engaziwayo" okanye i-FUO, isifo esibonakalayo somhlaza wesibindi. I-FUO ichazwa njengeqondo lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-digriyure eli-101 elidlulileyo kwiiveki ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu kwaye ezingenakuboshwa kwisizathu esibonakalayo emva kokutyelelwa kathathu okanye ngaphezulu koogqirha (okanye iintsuku ezintathu esibhedlele). Kukho ezinye iimbangela ezinokubakho komkhuhlane oqhubekayo, kodwa unesizathu esihle sokubona ugqirha wakho.
Ngokuqhelekileyo Ukuziva Ukungahlali
Kunzima ukuchaza intuition njengempawu, kodwa izifundo zisitsho-ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuphindaphinda-ukuba abantu bavame ukuqonda xa into "isuke" emzimbeni wabo. Ukuba unengqiqo ngokuqhelekileyo yokuba awukho kakuhle, jonga ugqirha wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zinzima ukuchaza ngokwemiqathango efana nezo zidweliswe ngasentla. Imizimba yethu ihlala isenza umsebenzi omhle woku "xelela" xa kukho into embi xa sithatha kuphela ixesha lokuphulaphula.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Ezinye iintsholongwane zentsholongwane zenza i-hormone ezingabangela iimpawu ezongezelelweyo. Ezi zibandakanya ushukela wegazi ophantsi (u- hypoglycemia ) onokubangela ukukhanya kunye nokuphelelwa amandla, ngakumbi kubantu abangadli ixesha elithile; ukwandiswa kwebele ( gynecomastia ); i-atrophic testicular; kunye nombolo ephezulu ebomvu yegazi.
Iingxaki
Umhlaza wesibindi ungabangela ezininzi iingxaki. Zingabangela ukuxinzelelo kwe-tumor kwi-buct ye-bile okanye ezinye izitho, ama-hormone aveliswa yintsholongwane yesifo somhlaza, ukungasebenzi kwesibindi okubangelwa ukwakhiwa kweetekisi emzimbeni, okanye ezinye iindlela.
Ezinye iingxaki ezinokuthi ziquka:
IAnemia
Ubomi be-anemia , inani elibomvu leeseli legazi, luyinto eqhelekileyo yesifo somhlaza wesibindi kwaye inokuvela ngenxa yeendlela ezimbalwa, kubandakanya ukungabikho kwezinto ezinqamlekileyo kwigazi elikhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi. I-anemia ingaba yincinci ekuqaleni, kwaye ibangele ibangele iimpawu ezinjengokukhathala, ukuphefumula okufutshane, izinga lentliziyo elikhawulezayo, isikhumba esiluhlaza kunye nentloko. Ekubeni umdlavuza wesibindi ungadla i-erythrocytosis (ukunyuka kwee-red cell cell production) kwakhona, ngeziphumo ngamanye amaxesha zikhutshana.
Ukukhutshwa kweDuct Duct
Ibhili yenziwa esibindi. Amanqwanqwa amaninzi aqinisekisa ukuba uthunyelwa emathunjini amancinci, mhlawumbi nge-gallbladder okanye ngqo. Izibilini zesibindi okanye i-bile duct tumors zingakhula ngaphakathi kwendlela okanye zinexinzelelo ngaphaya komnye, ezibangelwa ukukhutshwa kwe-bile.
Xa igumbi livinjelwe ngenxa yezizathu, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kwintlungu eqatha kunye neyoqhubekayo esiswini sokunene, isisongela, ukuhlanza, i-jaundice, kunye nokubetha.
Ukuhlamba
Isibindi sinoxanduva lokwenza iiprotheni (izinto ezinqamlekileyo) ezikunceda igazi lakho. Xa ipesenti enkulu yesibindi sakho ifakwe ngumhlaza, le miba ayisaphinda iveliswe ngamanani aneleyo. Isiphumo kukuba ukuphuma kwamanzi kungenzeka (nangona nenani eliqhelekileyo leeplatelets) kunye ne-anemia. Isiqalo sokuqala sihlala siphalala xa uhlamba amazinyo okanye iifum. Ukuphuma kwegazi ngokukodwa, njengokungena kwegazi kwangaphakathi, kuya kwenzeka xa umhlaza uphuthukile.
I-Portal Hypertension
Umhlaza wesibindi (kunye nezinye izifo zesibindi) zingakhokelela ekuphumeni kwimizila yokugaya ngendlela enye. I-tumor ngaphakathi kwesibindi ingenza kube nzima ukuba igazi ligeleza kwiimvini ezincinci kwilungu elikhokelela kwi-vein portal enkulu. Umxinzelelo obangelwayo kwi-vein (i- portal hypertension ) ibeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwimithambo yegazi ngaphesheya, njengaleyo egazini.
Ezi mvini zibuthakathaka kunomsoco omkhulu we-portal kwaye ziyakhula zibe yimivimbo ye-varicose, njengokuba ubona kwimilenze yabantu, okanye ngesisu ngesinye isifo ngesibindi. Xa la ma-varicosity aphuka, kunokubangela ukuphuma kwamanzi kwi-esophagus ( ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi okuphazamiseka kwamanzi , okungasongela ubomi xa ungakhange unyangwa ngokukhawuleza.) Ukunyuka kungase kwenzeke esiswini nasemathumbu nangenxa yamathambo afanayo.
I-High Blood Calcium (Hypercalcemia)
Umdlavuza wesibindi ungabangela izinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini ( hypercalcemia of malignancy) ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunokubangela isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza, ubuthathaka obukhulu kakhulu, kunye nokudideka, ezinokuthi zenze inkqubela kunye nokufa xa kungaphathwa.
Hepatorenal Syndrome
I-Hepatorenal syndrome yimeko apho izifo zesibindi zikhokelela kwisifo sezintso ngenxa yenguqu kwimigu yegazi kunye nokunciphisa igazi ukujikeleza kweentso. I-hepatorenal syndrome ixhaphake kakhulu ngomhlaza wesibindi kunye nezinye izifo zesibindi, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ama-40 ekhulwini abantu abane-cirrhosis baya kuphuhlisa i-syndrome kwiminyaka emihlanu.
I-Hepatic Encephalopathy
I-hepatic encephalopathy ingaba yinkxalabo eyoyikisayo yomdlavuza wesibindi kodwa empeleni iyona nto ibangela ukuba izibonakaliso zibukeke zifana nesifo se-Alzheimer.
Xa isibindi singakwazi ukususa i-toxins, baya kwi-ingqondo. Oku kungakhokelela ekulahlekeni kwememori, ukuphazamiseka, ukuguquka komntu kunye nokudideka okukhulu. Iimpawu zingaqala ngokuthobeka ngobunzima ukwenza imisebenzi ephakamileyo yezibalo, njengokulinganisa i-checkbook. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuphefumula okunomlilo ocoliweyo kunye nokutshitshiswa kweengalo xa ziqhutywe ngqo phambi komntu. Kukho iindlela zokuphatha i-encephalopathy, kodwa i-prognosis ngokuqhelekileyo ixhomekeke kumlinganiselo wesisu.
Ngexesha lokujonga uDokotela wakho
Ukuba uyaphawula nayiphi na impawu kunye neempawu ezingentla okanye naluphi na onganakuzichaza, jonga ugqirha wakho. Ngelixa abaninzi banokubonisa izimo ezingenakubungozi, ukuba umhlaza wesibindi ukhona, ukugqithisa ngokuqhelekileyo kubhetele kangangoko kwisifo sifumaneka. Abantu abangenayo ingozi yokuba nomhlaza wesibindi bangakwazi ukuphucula eso sifo ngamanye amaxesha-into efanelekileyo yokugcina ingqondo xa ungaqinisekanga ngokuthetha nodokotela wakho.
Ukuba unemingcipheko yesifo somhlaza wesibindi, njenge-cirrhosis, imeko yakho yinto enzima kakhulu. Usenokuba sele ufumana iimpawu ezifanayo ngenxa yesiphumo sempilo esele ikhona. Kule meko, ingongoma ephambili kukuba ubukele utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho.
Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba iimpawu eziye zazisa oogqirha phambi koomhlaza wesibindi kubantu ababenesifo esingasasigxina sesibindi sasiquka intlungu yesigxina esingaphezulu, ukukhulisa kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis ngokuqhelekileyo ibangela ukuba ihlehlise), ukukhathala ngakumbi, ukuguquka kwimizimba, ukunyuka kwesango uxinzelelo lwegazi, iimbumba, ukuphuma kwegazi, kunye nesifo sikashukela esasibe nzima ukulawula. Ukuba ubona nayiphi na le mpawu, qhagamshelana nodokotela wakho ngokukhawuleza kunokulinda ukuqeshwa kwakho okulandelayo.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. Isifo seNtsholongwane: iiMpawu kunye neMpawu. Updated 05/2017. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/liver-cancer/symptoms-and-signs
> Bosch, X., Molclus, E., kunye no-Escoda, O. et al. Ukungalahleki Ukunyuka Kwemzimba: Iziganeko zeeKliniki kunye neziPhumo kwiCandelo eliPhezulu labantwana abangama-2677. .PLoS One . 2017. 12 (4): e0175125.
> Mazzanti, R., Arena, U., no R. Tassi. I-Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Siyiphi? Ingxelo Yehlabathi Yonyango. 2016. 6 (1): 21-36.
> INational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kweNtsholongwane yeBanga eliPhakamileyo (PDQ) -Indlela yesiXhosa. Ukuhlaziywa nge- 12/07/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/patient/adult-liver-treatment-pdq