I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma, i-Basal Cell Carcinoma kunye neMpawu zeMelanoma
Ekubeni singenayo imigaqo-nkqubo yokujonga isikrini somhlaza wesikhumba , uninzi lwabantu kufuneka lithembele ekuqapheliseni iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo ukuze usibambe ngokukhawuleza. Izibonakaliso neempawu ze-squamous cell carcinomas ziquka ulonda lwekhumba olufana ne-wartlike kunye ne-scaly, nexinzelelo (ulcer) phakathi. I-Basal khancer cells isoloko imhlophe, i-pearly, okanye i-lumble-colored dome-like lumps.
Izibonakaliso ze-melanoma zihlala ziquka i-mole ekhoyo okanye ekhoyo ekhoyo eneemida okanye ukuphakama, iyahluka kumbala, okanye iyatshintsha ngezinye iindlela. Iingxaki zomhlaza wesikhumba, ezinjengeemastastases, zingakhokelela kwiimpawu ngokunjalo.
Iingcingo zesikhumba zenzeke ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimandla ebonakalayo yelanga, kodwa ingavela naphi na. Masiqwalasele iimpawu eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wesikhumba, kunye neempawu ezithile eziza kuzibukela ezo zingabonisa i-melanoma.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Ngezantsi sibala ezinye zeempawu zomhlaza wesikhumba, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umntu ngamnye kunye nomhlaza ngamnye wesikhumba uhlukile. Ukuba unendawo ekhanda lakho elikukhathazayo, kubalulekile ukuba lihlolwe, nokuba ingaba unayo nayiphi na impawu ekhankanywe. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
I-"Spot" engavumelekanga kwiShumba
Nawaphi na amatsha amatsha avela kwesikhumba ayenokuba ngumhlaza wesikhumba, ecinga ukuba umntu wesithathu uya kuphucula umhlaza omnye wesikhumba ngexesha lokuphila.
Kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesiko ngaphandle kwe-microscope, kodwa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi zihlamba zihluke kwizinga elithile.
- I-Basal cell carcinomas ihlala ikhanya, kwaye ichazwe ngokuthi "i-pearlescent." Zingaba zincinci, ziphakanyiswe, okanye zifakwe ngumbumba, kwaye zisoloko zibomvu, ziphaphazele, okanye zimibala. Xa kuhlolwa ngokucophelela, imilambo yegazi encinci ingabonakala xa kuthelekiswa nesikhumba esijikelezileyo.
- I-Squamous cell carcinomas zivame ukuphakanyiswa kwaye ziziva zizixhamle. Ziyakwazi ukubonakala i-scaly, kwaye ingasilonda, oko kukuthi, inexinzelelo oluphambili elincinci kwaye lucacile ngaphezu kwendawo engqongileyo. La maxesha athile amachiza aphuma egazini, aqhube, okanye afake i-scab.
- I-Melanoma ibonisa ngokuqhelekileyo njengenguqu kwi-mole ekhoyo, okanye entsha, engabonakaliyo i-mole (jonga ngezantsi).
Isifo esingasiphilisi
Amanqanda amaninzi ekhumba aqala ukugxothwa ngenxa yokugula kwegciwane, ukulimala kancinci kwesikhumba, okanye ukucaphukisa, kodwa kubonakala ngakumbi xa bengaphumi kwithuba. Ukuba uqaphela isifo esikhumbeni sakho esenqaba ukuphilisa, nangona kubonakala sengathi uyaphilisa kodwa ubuya kwakhona, kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nayiphi na inguqu yesikhumba engazange ixazululwe yodwa kwiiveki ezimbini kufuneka ihlolwe.
Utshintsho kwi-Skin lesion ekhoyo
Ezinye izikhenkce zesikhumba zivela ngaphandle kwesikhumba okanye isikhombe esele sikhona ixesha elide. Ukuba unayo i-freckles, i-moles, okanye ezinye iindawo zesikhumba ezitshintshayo, xela ugqirha wakho.
Uvakalelwa kwi-Lesion Skin
Ngokuqhelekileyo, asinakho ukuvakalelwa okunxulumene nama-moles okanye ezinye izilonda zesikhumba. Ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, abantu banokubona ukuphika, ukunyamezela, ukugubha, ukubetha, okanye intlungu.
Abanye abantu baye bachaza ukuvakalelwa njengomvakalelo wokuba "iintuthwane zikhwela esikhumbeni."
Iimpawu zeMelanoma
Kubalulekile ukuba wazi kakuhle iimpawu ze-melanoma, njengoko la maqhekeza angakhula kwaye asasazeke ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukunyanga kumazinga okuqala kwesi sifo. Bangabonisa njengento entsha, ebonakalayo engaqhelekanga, kodwa ihlala iphuma kuma-moles abekho ixesha elide. Abantu abamhlophe, baqhelekileyo kwimilenze yabasetyhini nasemva kumadoda. Kwabo abanesikhumba esimnyama, iindawo eziqhelekileyo ziyizona zintendelezo, iintende zezandla, phantsi kwezikhonkwane kunye neminwe, nakwiimbumba zamanzi (ezifana nomlomo, impumlo, kunye nezitho zangasese).
Ulawulo lwe-ABCDE (kunye no-F) luya kunceda njengoko uhlola ii-moles emzimbeni wakho:
A: I-Asymmetry
Amanqatha aqhelekileyo, i-moles, kunye nezinye izilonda zesikhumba zidla ngokulinganayo, ngelixa i-melanomas ihlala i-asymmetric. Ukuba ukwahlula i-mole ibe ngamacandelo amabini, macala amabini aya kubonakala ehlukile. Akunjalo onke amanqabileyo esikhumba, njengeempawu zokuzalwa, zihambelana noko, kwaye kukho ezininzi izinto ezinokubangela ukuba i-dermatologists ijonge i-mole.
B: Umda
Imida (imijikelo) ye-melanoma ihlala ingavamile, kwaye ingabonakala ixakile, ingacatshulwa okanye ingabonakali. Isilonda sinokubonakala ngathi "sisasazeka," sibomvu okanye ukuvuvukala kwindawo ejikeleze i-mole okanye i-pigment emnyama ebonakala ngathi "ihamba" kwiimpawu ezijikelezayo ukusuka kumda we-mole.
C: Umbala
I-Melanomas kaninzi inemibala emininzi engalingani kunye nee-hues. Ezi ziquka i-shades emnyama, emdaka, kunye ne-tan, kunye neendawo ezimhlophe, ezimpunga, ezibomvu, kunye ne-bluhlaza zibonwa ngamanye amaxesha. Ezinye i-melanomas inenkcazo yeklasiki ebomvu, emhlophe, neyibhakabhaka, ngenxa yeengcamango zenye nganye mibala ngaphakathi kwimilo enye. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-mole ebonakala ikhanya ngakumbi kwindawo enye inokuthi ifane nomnye obonakala ubumnyama kwindawo enye.
D: I diameter
Ububanzi be-melanoma ngokuqhelekileyo bukhulu kunamithamitha ayisithupha (1/4 ye intshi), okanye malunga nobukhulu bepencil eraser (okanye enkulu). Izilonda zesikhumba ezi zibukhulu kufuneka zihlolwe ngaphandle nokuba zihambelana nombala omnye kunye nemida eqhelekileyo. Izilonda ezincinci kune-eraser kufuneka zihlolwe kwakhona ukuba zikhona naziphi na ezinye iimpawu ze-ABCDE.
E: Ukuguquka kunye / okanye ukuphakanyiswa
Incwadi E isetyenziselwe ukuchaza ezimbini iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ze-melanoma. Zihlala ziphakanyiswe ngaphezu kwesikhumba, kwaye ukuphakama kunokuba kungavunyelwanga, kunye nezinye iindawo eziphakanyisiweyo kunye nezinye iindawo zomhlaba. I-mole eguqukayo (iguqukayo) ikwabhekiselele, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo, abantu abaninzi abanomdla we-melanomas ukuba i-mole iguqukile ngokobukhulu, imo, umbala, okanye ukubonakala kwayo. Xa i-melanoma ivela kwi-mole ekhoyo, ukuguqulwa kunokutshintsha, kwaye kube nzima, i-lumpy, okanye i-scaly. Nangona isikhumba sinokuziva sihluke kwaye singase sitshitshise, siphume, okanye siphume, i-melanoma ayinakubangela intlungu.
F: "Ukukhangisa Ukujonga"
Ngamanye amaxesha, ileta "F" yongezwa kwi-mnemonic, kwaye ibhekisela kwisilonda "ekhangelekayo." I-mole ekhange ibonakale njengenye i-moles emzimbeni wakho, okanye nje "ayibukeka ilungile" kuwe, kufuneka ihlolwe. Uyazi ukuba ulusu lwakho lulungcono kunanoma ubani, kwaye kubalulekile ukuthemba intuition yakho.
Iimpawu ezingavamile
Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza wesikhumba zingaphinde zenzeke, kwaye xa zihlanganisiwe ndawonye, akuzona zonke ezinqabileyo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
Utshintsho kuMboniso
Utshintsho kwimboniso, njengombono otyhafayo kwiso linye kuphela, unokuba ngumqondiso we- melanoma ocular okanye i-melanoma yelihlo. I-melanoma ye-Ocular malunga ne-5 ekhulwini ye-melanomas kwaye ivela kwi-iris (imhlophe yeso), umzimba we-ciliary, okanye i-choroid. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya ukubonakala kwendawo emnyama kumhlophe welihlo, ukulahleka kombono wendawo, ukubona izibane ezikhanyayo, izibane (ukubona izinto ezijikelezayo kumgca wakho wombono), okanye ubomvu okanye isohlo kwelinye iso.
Iimitha eziMnyama kwiMinweyili okanye kwiintonga
Ukubonakala kwendawo ebumnyama phantsi kwe-fingernail okanye i-toenail ebonakalayo ngaphandle kokulimala ngokusoloko kufuneka iphandwe. I-Melanoma yebhedlele ye-nail (subungual melanoma) ihlala ibonisa njengendlela ende long (longwise) streak ukusuka kwi-cuticle ukuya kwisiphakamiso sesilumkiso (uphawu lukaHutchinson). Ezi khansela zixhaphakile kwizithupha kunye neenzwane ezinkulu, kodwa zinokuthi zenzeke naziphi na izipikili. Nangona i-subungual melanomas engavamile kubantu abamhlophe, ababalelwa kwi-1 ekhulwini ye-melanomas, yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-melanoma efunyanwa ngabantu abanobumnyama.
Ezintsha "Iingca"
Sivame ukucinga ngeengqungquthela zesikhumba njengengqungquthela, kodwa ezinye zizintlu, kwaye ezinye zize zikhona njengengcinezelo kwesikhumba. I-Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma ihlala ibonisa njengengcinezelo yesikhumba ekhangeleka njengobunzima.
Iingxaki
Kukho ubuninzi beengxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ngomhlaza wesikhumba. Ngama-khanceral non-melanoma yesikhumba, ubuninzi bezo zibangelwa ukukhula kwendawo ye-tumor. Nge-melanoma, iingxaki ezinokuthi zihambelane nokukhula kwendawo yomhlaza, i-metastases kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango olusetyenziswayo. Iingxaki ezinokuthi ziquka:
Usulelo lweSibini
Ekubeni umhlaza wesikhumba uphazamisa umqobo okhuselekileyo wesikhumba, iintsholongwane zingangena ezibangela ukusuleleka kwesikhumba . Izifo ezinokutheleleka zinokusukela kwi-infection epimple-like infinple-like infection, kwi- cellulitis (isifo esasasazeka phezu kwesikhumba kodwa saphinda sithinteke), kwizifo ezinzulu zesifo se-staph kunye ne- sepsis ( izifo eziphezulu zomzimba). Unyango lwengqondo yomhlaza lungakhokelela ekufakeni izifo.
Ukuqhekeka kunye / okanye ukuchithwa kwempahla
Ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokuchithwa kwempahla kungenzeka ngenxa yokukhula komhlaza wesikhumba wedwa, okanye ngenxa yonyango ukususa umhlaza. Xa i-khancer skin ifunyanwe ekuqaleni, ezi ngxaki ziyinto engaqhelekanga, kodwa iintsholongwane eziye zavela ixesha elininzi zingangena kwiinkcuphu, ziphazamise izithintelo okanye imisipha.
Lymphedema
I-Lymphedema yimeko apho i-fluid ikwakhiwa khona inxalenye yomzimba ngenxa yomonakalo kwiimpawu zecymph and vessels lymphatic. Izitya ze-lymph zisebenza ngokuqoqa umkhuhlane wamahhala kwiishubhu kunye nokuhambisa umthamo kumanzi. Xa umonakalo uvela kwi-lymph nodes kunye neenqanawa, ukwakhiwa kwe-fluid kunokulandela ukuvuvukala nokuqina kwesikhumba. Abantu abaninzi baqhelana neengalo zymphadema eziza kubafazi abathile ababenomdlavuza webele, kodwa i-lymphedema ingenzeka phantse naphi na. Ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, kudla kakhulu xa i-lymph nodes zisuswa njengenxalenye yokuhlinzwa, kodwa ikhona ngenxa yomhlaza wodwa.
Ukuphindaphinda
Njengoko iidlers ezifana nesifo somhlaza wesifuba singaphinda siphume emva kwonyango, i-kanseri yesikhumba ibuye ibuye ibuye, ngokukodwa ezo ziphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokuxilongwa. I-non-melanoma yesikhumba se-kanseri sinokubuyela kwakhona endaweni (kwindawo apho ivela khona), kodwa i-melanomas (kunye nezinye i-squamous cell carcinomas) zingabuya kwisayithi elikude (jonga ngezantsi).
Metastases
Iimetastases aziqhelekanga ngeesalcase zeesal cell okanye ekuqaleni kwegciwane le-cancer yeselm. I-cancer egciniweyo yeeselm cell, kunye ne-melanomas, nangona kunjalo, inokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ezibangela iimpawu kule mimandla. Kwezinye iimeko, umhlaza wesikhumba uqala ukufunyanwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ngenxa yeemastastas.
I-Melanoma isenokusasazeka malunga nantoni nayiphi na indawo yomzimba, kodwa iindawo eziqhelekileyo ze-melanoma metastases , kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma metastase, zi-lymph nodes, amathambo, imiphunga, isibindi kunye nengqondo.
Ukusasazeka kwala ma-cancer kumathambo kunokubangela ukuba buthathaka okukhokelela kwiziqhekeza (i- pathologic fractures ). Iimpawu zentlungu engemuva ekhupha imilenze, ubuthathaka okanye ukuphazamiseka emilenzeni, okanye ukulahleka kolawulo kunye nokuhamba okanye ukuhamba kwezilwanyana kungabangela izilumkiso zokunyanzeliswa kwentambo yomgudu ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwemigudu emgodini. Ukuphazamiseka kwethambo kunokukhokelela ekuphakameni kwekhalsiyamu egazini ( hypercalcemia ) engabangela ukuba kuncyupheko, ukuhlanza, ubuthathaka kunye nokudideka. Iintsholongwane ezisasazeka kwimiphunga zingabangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okanye ukuphefumula okufutshane. Ukusa kwisibindi (i-metastases yesibindi) kunokubangela i-jaundice, i-yellowing yesikhumba. I-Brain metastase inokubangela iintloko, ukutshatyalaliswa, ukutshintsha kombono, okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba.
Ukuxhalabisa nokuxinezeleka
Ukubonakala kubandakanya indima ebalulekileyo ekuziphatheni, kwaye iisomhlaza ezifumaneka kwimimandla ebonakala kwabanye zingakhokelela ekukhathazeni nasekudakaleni. Ngethamsanqa, uphando lweplastiki, xa lufuneka, lunokwenza umsebenzi ophawulekayo wokubuyisela ukubukeka.
Nini ukubona iDokotela
Ukuba ubona nayiphi na impawu okanye iimpawu zomhlaza wesikhumba okukhankanywe ngasentla, yenza ixesha lokuba uqaphele ugqirha wakho. I-dermatologist iyakwazi ukuhlola isikhumba sakho, kwaye iqinisekise ukuba i-biopsy iyadingeka. Akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu bayeke ukufuna ingonyango kwingqondo yomhlaza, kodwa kwangaphambili la mayeza afunyaniswayo, ngcono iziphumo. Nangona ukufumana i-melanoma kusenokwenzeka kungenza umehluko ekusindeni, nangona kuncinci i-khancers yolwelwe yesikhumba idla ngokufuna iindlela ezininzi zokugqirha, kwaye ngoko ke, ukungavunyelwa, xa bavunyelwe ukukhula bengakhange bahlolwe.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. I-Melanoma: Izimpawu kunye neMpawu. Ukuhlaziywa 06/17.
> I-American Society of Clinic Oncology. Cancer.Net. I-Skin Cancer (engekho i-Melanoma): Izimpawu kunye neMpawu. Updated 12/16.
> I-Weller, uRichard PJB, uHamish JA Hunter kunye noMargaret W. Mann. Dermatological Clinic . Chichester (West Sussex): John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2015. Print.