Izizathu, iimpawu, unyango kunye nokukhusela i-melanoma yelihlo
I-melanoma ye-Ocular, okanye i-melanoma yelihlo, uhlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza oluchaphazela iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zeso , ngokukodwa i- choroid , umzimba we-ciliary, kunye ne- iris . I-melanoma ye-Choroidal yindlela exhaphakileyo yamehlo.
I-Melanoma ye-Eye (i-Ocular Melanoma) -Imvelaphi
Abantu abaninzi banokudideka ngumbono we-melanoma walolu hlobo lwesifo somhlaza, njengokuba i- melanoma ixhaphake kakhulu kwesikhumba .
I-Melanomas ivela kwi-melanocytes, iiseli eziqukethe i-pigment emnyama (i-melanin) echaza umbala wethu wesikhumba. I-melanocyte ayilona kuphela kwesikhumba - ingafumaneka kwizinwele, amehlo, kunye nendawo yezinye izitho.
I- melanoma yamehlo iqala ngokuqala kwisalathisi esiphakathi kweso elibizwa ngokuba yi-uvea. Le ngqongqelo apho iimithambo zegazi zihamba ngayo kwiso. Uluhlu lwangaphandle luyi-sclera (inxalenye emhlophe emhlophe) kunye nomgca wangaphakathi yi-retina (apho iintonga kunye namaqhina ayingxenyana yeliso ithatha iimpawu ukuthumela kwingqondo.) Ngamanye amaxesha i-melanoma iyenzeka kwi-conjuctiva okanye inkophe.
Lo mhlaza uqhelekileyo kubantu abadala kunye nokuphakama kwimiba engama-70 ubudala. Kufunyanwa kaninzi kumadoda kunabesifazane. I-Ocular melanomas ilandisa malunga ne-5% ye-melanomas.
Yintoni eyenza i-Ocular Melanoma?
Njengezinye ezininzi iintlobo zomhlaza asiqinisekanga ukuba yintoni ebangela i-melanoma ye-ocular, kodwa kukho ukusola ukuba kuhambelana nokuvezwa kweemitha ze-UV zelanga.
Le ngqungquthela ayisayi kuboniswa, nangona kunjalo.
Nangona imbangela ye-melanoma ye-ocycle ayifumanekanga, abaphandi baye bafumanisa iziganeko zobungozi zesifo. Imiba yengozi ye-melanoma ye-ocular ifana nemingcipheko ye-melanoma yolusu kwaye iquka:
- Ukukhwela kancinci okanye unombala omhlophe wombala kunye nombala wamehlo (amehlo aluhlaza okanye obuluhlaza)
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide okanye imibhede yokuqhawula
- Ukwazi ukwenza itan
- Uhlanga lwaseCaucasia
- Ukuba ne-dysplastic nevus syndrome, imeko edala i- moles engavamile
- Ukuba ne-pigmentation engavamile yesikopheko okanye i-uvea
- Ukuba ne-oculodermal melanocytosis, imeko engabonakaliyo eyenza ukwanda kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwamehlo nesikhumba ejikeleze iliso
Abaphandi bafunda okungakumbi malunga nomdlavuza wesibeleko kunye ne-melanoma kwaye bacinga ukuba i- 55% yomngcipheko we-melanoma ivela ngenxa yemfuza .
Iimpawu zeMety Melanoma
Ngamanye amaxesha akukho zibonakaliso ezibonakalayo ze-melanoma ye-ocular, ngokukodwa kumaziko okuqala. Kulezi zihlandlo, i-melanoma yeli gama ifunyaniswa ngokuhlola rhoqo kweso ngumbono wezobugcisa okanye opthalmologist. Izimpawu ze-Ocular melanoma ziquka:
- Umbono ogqityiweyo kwelinye iliso
- Izilwanyana (ezincinane "ezijikelezayo" kwiindawo zembonakalo yakho)
- Shintsha kumbala we-iris okanye kwindawo emnyama kwi-iris
- Shintsha ngohlobo lomfundi
- Ukubona izibane ezikhanyayo
- Ubomvu kunye / okanye isohlo elibuhlungu
- Iliso elikhuphayo
- Ukulahleka kombono okanye ukulahlekelwa kombono wonke
Ngenxa yeendawo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zezi mbola, abantu abaqhelekanga ukubona umhlaza ngokwawo - ngamanye amazwi, abaqhelekanga kubonakala kwisibuko.
Ukujonga i-Ocular Melanoma
Ngokungafani nezinye iintlobo zesifo somhlaza, i- biopsy ayidingi imfuneko kwiimeko ezininzi ze-melanoma ye-ocular.
Enye yeemvavanyo zokuqala abantu abaninzi banokuthiwa yi-ophthalmoscopy, esebenzisa indawo ekhethekileyo yokufumana umbono ojulileyo welihlo. Kufana nesixhobo sakho sobugcisa okanye ugqirha usebenzisa ukuba ukhangela iso lakho. Akuyinto engabonakaliyo kwaye ingenabuhlungu kwaye yenziwa emva kokuba ugqirha weziliso kuqala lijonganisa amehlo akho.
I-ultrasound ingenziwa kwakhona ukujonga iliso kunye nezakhiwo ezungeleleyo. Amaconsi anikezelayo phambi kokuba kukhishwe ukukhusela nayiphi na into engeyiyo. Unokucelwa ukuba ukhangele kwiindlela ezihlukeneyo ukuvumela iindile ezahlukeneyo zokubukela. I-eye ultrasounds ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-15 okanye ngaphantsi.
Ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana ne- MRI okanye i-CT scan, zingenziwa xa kucingelwa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kweso.
Isibindi sisinye isayithi esiqhelekileyo se-metastasis yesifo somhlaza. Olu luhlu lubonisa apho i-melanoma isasazeka khona .
Unyango lweMety Melanoma
Unyango lwe-melanoma ye-ocety isekelwe kwinqanaba lelihlo lichaphazelekayo kwaye ingaba liye lahlengahlengiswa kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Ugqirha yindlela enye yokunyanga i-melanoma yelihlo. Ukususwa kwejiso (inucleation) kunokuba kuyimfuneko kwezinye iimeko zeemvumi ezinkulu xa ezinye iindlela zonyango azifanelekanga. Iliso lombonakalo lingadalwa kwiimeko ezininzi. Amehlo enkqubo yeprosthetic namhlanje ayengqiqweni ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Ziyadalwa ngabantu abanetalente, abaqeqeshwe ababizwa ngokuba ngama-ocularists. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha indawo ephakamileyo evela kwi-4 ukuya kwe-6 yokumisela ukuba ifakwe iliso leprothethi kwaye ibekwe kuyo. Ubunono kunye neetalente zobugcisa zimbini iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-ocularist.
Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lulona unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-melanoma ye-ocular. Ingaba yinkqubo yonyango kuphela okanye eyenziwa emva kokuhlinzwa. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zonyango lomlambo : zangaphandle nangaphakathi. Bobabini basebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwamandla ukuphazamisa umsebenzi weeseli zomhlaza ukuze ziphephe kwaye zibathintele ukuba bangene phantsi kwesahlulo seseli.
- Imisebe yangaphandle ihambisa umbane ovela kumashishini okhethekileyo ojolise kwi-tumor indawo ngaphandle. Le ndlela ye-radiation icacile kwaye ibeka umonakalo kumathambo ajikelezileyo.
- I-radiation yangaphakathi (i-brachytherapy), edlalwa ngokuba yi- plaque yonyango xa ibhekisela unyango lwe-melanoma ye-ocular, isebenzisa "imbewu" yomsakazo okanye "iplani" esetyenziswe eduze kwendawo yesifo sokunyanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ihlala isetyenziselwa iintsuku ezingama-7 kwaye isuswa. Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwenyango ye-radiation esetyenziselwa i-melanoma ye-iso.
Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lusebenza ngokubhekiselele kwi-melanoma ye-ocular, kodwa ayiyi kuba nemiphumo emibi. Olubomvu, amehlo anomileyo ngumphumo oqhelekileyo wecala. Ngezinye iinkqubo i- cataracts kubangelwa unyango, kodwa utyando lunokuba lukhetho lokususa. Ukulahleka kwe-eyelash kunye nokunciphisa kunokwenzeka kwakhona. Ngokuqhelekanga, unyango lwamayeza lungabangela umonakalo we-optic, i- glaucoma kunye nemithambo yegazi engavamile kwi-retina.
Unyango lwe-melanoma ye-metastatic udla ngokufanayo nakwezinye iintlobo ze-melanoma ye-metastatic . Nangona unyango oluhle lunqongophala kwisifo se-metastatic, ukhetho oluninzi lwe-melanoma chemotherapy lukhona.
Ukongezelela, iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezijongene neendlela ezijoliswe kuzo kunye nokuzikhusela i-immunotherapy ziyaqhubeka kwaye zibonisa isithembiso sokuba oku kuya kutshintsha kwikamva.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy yeOpthalmology. Yintoni i-Ocular Melanoma. Ukuhlaziywa 08/02/12. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-oco--anoma
Blum, E., Yang, J., Komatasubara, K., no R. Carvajal. Ulawulo lwezonyango lwe-Uveal ne-Conjunctival Melanoma. I-Oncology (Williston Park) . 2016. 30 (1): 29-32,34-43,48.
Chattopadhay, C., Kim, D., Gombos, D. et al. I-uveal melanoma: Ukususela ekuxilongweni kunyango kunye ne-science inbetween. Cancer .
National Cancer Institute. Intraocular (Uveal) Ukwelashwa kweMelanoma - kwiNgcali yezeMpilo (PDQ). Updated 07/09/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq