Isikhokelo soMonde kwiSigaba III ne-IV Melanoma Treatment
Ugqirha wakho uthi i- biopsy yakho ibonisa ukuxilongwa kwe- melanoma ephezulu, uhlobo olunefuthe kakhulu lomhlaza wesikhumba . Yintoni elandelayo? Ziziphi iindlela ozikhethayo? Nantsi ingqamaniso yento enokuyilindela ukuze ukwazi ukubuza imibuzo enolwazi malunga nenkatho yakho kunye nokuxela kwakho. ( Inkcazo yeendlela zokwelapha i-melanoma kwisigaba se-0, i-I ne-II isifo .
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Isigaba III seMelanoma
Unyango oluphandwayo kwinqanaba lesi-3 le- melanoma luchaphazela ukuchithwa (ukususwa) kwe-tumor yokuqala kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo i- lymph nodes eseduze. I-adjuvant (emva kokuhlinzwa) unyango kunye ne- interferon-alfa2b lunokunceda ezinye izigulane nge-phase III i-melanoma zilwela ukuphindaphinda ixesha elide.
Ukuba i-melanoma ayikwazi ukususwa ngokupheleleyo, ugqirha wakho angayifaka isitofu (BCG) okanye i- interleukin-2 ngqo kwiisisu. Ngokwe-melanoma kwisandla okanye umlenze, enye inokukhetha ukuba kuveze isilwanyana esisisombululo esishushu se-chemotherapy drug melphalan. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango lwe-radiation lunganikwa emva kokuhlinzwa kwiindawo apho i-lymph node zisuswe khona, ingakumbi ukuba amaninzi amaninzi atholakala enomdlavuza. Ezinye iindlela zokwelapha ziquka i-chemotherapy, immunotherapy okanye zombini idibeneyo (biochemotherapy).
Amanyango amaninzi ahlolwayo kwiimvavanyo zonyango anganceda ezinye izigulane. Izigulane ezininzi aziyi kutyilwa ngoku unyango lwe-melanoma yesigaba se-III, ngoko bafuna ukucinga malunga nokuvavanywa kweklinikhi.
I-Melanoma yesigaba se-IV
I-melanoma yesigaba se-IV inzima kakhulu ukuyiphatha, ekubeni isele idibeneyo (isasazeka) ukuya kwii-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Iinkqubo zokuphanda ziya kubandakanya ukukhipha izicubu, i-lymph nodes, okanye izitho ezithile zangaphakathi, kuxhomekeka ukuba zingaphi iimvumi ezikhoyo, indawo yazo kunye nokuba ziyakwenzeka ukuba zibangele iimpawu.
Iimetastase ezibangela iimpawu kodwa ezingenakususwa kwi-surgically zingaphathwa nge- radiation okanye i-chemotherapy.
Amachiza e- chemotherapy asetyenziswayo ngeli xesha anenani elincinci kubantu abaninzi abaneesigaba se-melanoma yesigaba. I-Dacarbazine (i-DTIC) kunye ne-temozolomide (i-Temodar) yizona ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswe ngokwazo okanye zidibene nezinye iziyobisi. Ngaphandle kokuba i-chemotherapy iyanciphisa le khansa, isiphumo sisoloko sisesigxina, ngexesha eliqhelekileyo leenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezi-6 ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza uqale ukukhula kwakhona. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, zinokusebenza ixesha elide. I-Immunotherapy, isebenzisa i-interferon-2b okanye i-interleukin-2, inokunceda inani elincinci lezigulane ezinezigaba ze-melanoma zihlala ixesha elide. Amanani aphakamileyo ala machiza abonakala asebenza ngempumelelo, kodwa ayenemiphumo emibi kakhulu.
Oogqirha abaninzi bancoma i-biochemotherapy - inhlanganisela ye-chemotherapy kunye ne-interleukin-2, i-interferon okanye zombini. Ngokomzekelo, abanye oogqirha badibanisa i-interferon kunye ne-temozolomide. Ezi zi yobisi zidibeneyo zenza ukuba kuqhutywe i-strinkage eninzi, engenza izigulane zizive zingcono, nangona udibaniso aluboniswanga ukunceda izigulane zihlala ixesha elide. Olunye udibaniso lweziyobisi lisebenzisa amanqanaba aphantsi e-interferon, interleukin, kunye ne-temozolomide.
Nganye ibonakala izuze ezinye izigulane.
Ekubeni isigaba se-melanoma se-VI sinzima ukunyanga kunye neendlela ezikhoyo, kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho ukuba unelungelo lokuvavanywa kweklinikhi. Izilingo zamachiza ezitsha zamachiza e-chemotherapy, iindlela ezintsha ze-immunotherapy okanye unyango lokugonywa kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinganceda ezinye izigulane. Nangona iimbono zegulane ezine-stage IV i-melanoma zenza ukuba zihlupheke ngokubanzi, inani elincinci lezigulane liphendule ngokugqithiseleyo unyango okanye lisinda kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokuxilongwa.
Imithombo:
"Unyango lweCelanoma Skin Cancer ngeSigaba." American Cancer Society. 24 Disemba 2008.
"Ukwelashwa kweMelanoma PDQ." National Cancer Institute. 24 Disemba 2008.
"Izikhokelo: iMelanoma." INational Cancer Network Network. 16 Disemba 2008.