Ukuba ugqirha wakho ugxeka ukuba une- melanoma ye- metastatic (isigaba III okanye i-IV), kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa , ukuchonga isigaba esithile kwaye ukhangele ukuba uye wasasaza kwiindawo zendawo zendawo okanye ezikude, iziphunga, ubuchopho, amathambo okanye enye kwiindawo zomzimba. Ezi ziquka ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwi-LDH (i-lactate dehydrogenase), inqanaba le-lymph node biopsy , okanye izifundo zokucinga ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe njenge-computed tomography (CT), i-imagery magnetic resonance (MRI) kunye ne-postiton emission tomography (PET).
Olu ngeniso luyakunceda wenze ingqiqo yegoggon kwaye uqonde oko unokukulindela ngezinye iinkqubo zokusongela.
Tomography eComputer (CT)
I-CT yindlela yokucinga esebenzisa ii-ray-ray ezininzi ukudala imifanekiso eminqamle yomzimba. Amancinci amancinci ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokuhlola isilinganisi se-x-ray eyenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye yomzimba ofundiswayo. Ikhompyutha ithatha le ngcaciso kwaye isebenzise ukudala imifanekiso emininzi, ebizwa ngokuthi "iinqununu." Iimpawu zemizimba emithathu enokuthi zidalwe ngokufaka imida nganye. Ukuba unesigaba se-III okanye IV, "kwi-transit," okanye i-melanoma yengingqi ephindaphindiweyo, uya kuba ne-CT scan yesifuba, ngenxa yokuba imiphunga ihlala isayithi yokuqala yokuqala yesifo se-metastatic. Ugqirha unokuphinde ulayishe i-CT yesifo sakho, isisu okanye intsimbi, kuxhomekeke kwisigaba kunye neempawu.
Yintoni ongayilindela. Ngethuba lokuqeshwa kwakho, uya kucelwa ukuba ulale etafileni elincinci elityhila kwi-CT scanner.
Unokufumana ijoyi ye-intravenous (IV) yedayi, okanye i-agent e-radiocontrast, enceda izakhiwo ezingaphezulu komgangatho womzimba wakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisifundo esenziwe, uya kulala ngesisu sakho, ngasemva okanye kwicala. Xa ungaphakathi kwe-scanner, umbhobho we-x-ray womshini ujikeleza kuwe. (I-modern "spiral" scanners ingenza umvavanyo kwisinye isigxina esilandelayo.) Kufuneka ube sebudeni beemviwo kuba ukunyakaza kubangela imifanekiso ebolekileyo.
Unokutsalwa ukuba ubambe ukuphefumula kwakho ixesha elifutshane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iifowuni ezipheleleyo zithatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Abaqhubi be-multidetector abatsha banokufanekisa umfanekiso wakho wonke umzimba, inhloko ukuya kwintwana, ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-30.
Ukujonga umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance (MRI)
I-MRI yindlela engabonakaliyo yokuthatha imifanekiso yomzimba. Ngokungafani ne-x-ray kunye ne-CT, esebenzisa i-radiation, i-MRI isebenzisa amagomandla anamandla kunye namaza emsakazo wokwakha umfanekiso. I-MRI iyakunceda kwi-melanoma staging kwaye ingafuneka ukuba ifumene iimpawu ezongezelelweyo eziqhelekileyo, ingakumbi kwingqondo okanye emthonjeni.
Yintoni ongayilindela. Ukuze wenze ukukhangela, unokucelwa ukuba ugqoke isambatho sesibhedlele okanye izambatho ngaphandle kokugxinwa kwensimbi (njengama-sweatpants kunye ne-T-shirt). Uya kulala etafileni elincinci, elityhila phakathi komshini we-MRI. Ukuba ukwesaba iindawo ezifihliweyo (claustrophobia), xela ugqirha wakho phambi koviwo. Unokumiselwa ukuba unomdli ophantsi okanye ugqirha wakho unokucebisa "i-MRI" evulekile, apho umatshini engasondelene nomzimba. Izixhobo ezincinci, ezibizwa ngokuthi "iikhoyili," zingafakwa kwiintloko, ingalo, umlenze okanye ezinye iindawo ekufuneka zifundwe. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ukuthumela nokufumana amaza omsakazo nokuphucula umgangatho wemifanekiso. Ezinye iimviwo zidinga idayi ekhethekileyo (umzekelo).
Idayi idla ngokunikezelwa phambi kokuvavanya ngokusebenzisa umgca wokubamba isandla kwisandla sakho okanye iphambili. Idayi inceda i-radiologist ukubona iinkalo ezithile ngokucacileyo. Ngexesha le-MRI, umntu osebenza umatshini uyakukubukela kwelinye igumbi. Iisethi eziliqela zeemifanekiso zidla rhoqo, nganye ithatha imizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwe-15. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimimandla efundwayo kunye nohlobo lwezixhobo, uvavanyo lunokuthatha iyure enye okanye ngaphezulu.
I-Positron Imission Tomography (PET)
I-PET yinto yokuhlola i-imaging esebenzisa i-substanceactive radio ukuba ikhangele izifo emzimbeni. Ngokungafani nemilinganiselo ye-MRI kunye ne-CT, eyenza ukutyhila isakhiwo sezitho, ukuhlolwa kwe-PET kubonisa indlela izitho kunye nezicubu ezisebenza ngayo.
Ubu buchule buye bubonakalisa luncedo ekujongeni i-metastases yeendawo ezingaziwa, ukugqiba isigaba se-melanoma, nokufumana izicubu eziqhubekayo. Kucingelwa ukuba lukhuthele ngakumbi kune-CT yokujonga ukubona iincinci ezincinci eziqhelekileyo ze-melanoma ye-metastatic kodwa kodwa, ayikwazi ukufanisa ukuchaneka kwe-lymph node biopsy yokufumana i-metastases kwi-lymph nodes.
Yintoni ongayilindela. I-PET ihlola isebenzisa inani elincinci le-radioactive "tracer" elijoyiweyo kwisithambiso, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwelokwe. Ixabiso lihamba ngegazi kwaye liqokelela kwizitho okanye kwiishukela ezinomsebenzi ophezulu. Uya kukhankanywa malunga nemizuzu engama-60 emva kokufumana inkunkuma ye-radioactive. Ulala etafileni edibanisa kwisangqa esakhiwe ngombhobho phakathi kwepET scanner. Umshini we-PET ufumanisa umbane owenziwe ngumshishini osasazwayo kwaye uguqula ube yimifanekiso emithathu. Imifanekiso ithunyelwa kwikhomputha, apho iboniswa kweso sihlo ukuba ufunde. Umele ulale ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-PET ukuze umatshini afumane imifanekiso ecacileyo yezitho zakho. Uvavanyo luthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30.
Imithombo:
IDanry AL, iMahon BS, uRayatt SS. Ukuphononongwa kwengcamango yokuxilonga kwi-melanoma. I-J Plast Yenza kwakhona i-Aesthet Surgery . 2008 61 (11): 1275-83. 18 Novemba 2008.
"Njani i-Melanoma Diagnosed?" I-American Cancer Society. 18 Novemba 2008.
"IMelanoma" iNational Cancer Network Network. 2.2009. 18 Novemba 2008.